一、前言:
很多應用都會用到ListView,當然如果是iOS就會用UITableViewController,這兩個控件在不同的OS上,功能是一樣的,只是有些細微的不同(iOS的UITableViewController支持靜態與動態兩種),不過,大多數應用都用的是動態屬性,那么,這里就涉及到一個問題:刷新及加載更多內容。
目前網上流行的有兩種方式:
1. 通用的方法,即將ListView, GridView和ScrollView當成ChildView,在這頂部及底部各加一個Layout,但是,一但出現了,就一直顯示在頂部或底部,並不會隨着ChildView的滾動而滾動,功能實用,就是有點破壞美感;
2. 各自實現,即如果需要實現ListView的下拉刷新和上拉更多,那么就得去繼承ListView,並對它的HeaderView和FooterView做一些擴展,同理,GridView和ScrollView;
本篇將使用第二種方法來實現,如果通過繼承ListView的方式,來實現下拉刷新,以及上拉更多,或者是點擊底部加載更多的。
二、實現:
2.1 HeaderView的布局,以及代碼實現
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="#ffffff"
android:gravity="bottom">
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/header_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dip">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/layoutTitle"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/refresh_tips"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="15sp"
android:text="@string/pull_down_for_refresh"/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_marginTop="4dip">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:text="@string/label_update"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/refresh_last_time"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="12sp"
android:text="@string/label_last_time"/>
</LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/ivArrow"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/layoutTitle"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dip"
android:contentDescription="@string/image_desc"
android:src="@drawable/refresh_arrow_down"/>
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/pbWaiting"
android:visibility="gone"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/layoutTitle"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dip"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleSmall"/>
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
布局很簡單,一些TextView,一個ImageView和一個ProgressBar。再來看看代碼實現
package com.chris.list.refresh;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.RotateAnimation;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class HeaderView extends LinearLayout {
public final static int STATE_NORMAL = 0;
public final static int STATE_WILL_RELEASE = 1;
public final static int STATE_REFRESHING = 2;
private int mState = STATE_NORMAL;
private View mHeader = null;
private ImageView mArrow = null;
private ProgressBar mProgressBar = null;
private TextView mRefreshTips = null;
//private TextView mRefreshLastTime = null;
private RotateAnimation mRotateUp = null;
private RotateAnimation mRotateDown = null;
private final static int ROTATE_DURATION = 250;
public HeaderView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public HeaderView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initHeaderView(context);
}
private void initHeaderView(Context context){
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LayoutParams(
LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, 0);
mHeader = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.refresh_header, null);
addView(mHeader, lp);
setGravity(Gravity.BOTTOM);
mArrow = (ImageView) mHeader.findViewById(R.id.ivArrow);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) mHeader.findViewById(R.id.pbWaiting);
mRefreshTips = (TextView) mHeader.findViewById(R.id.refresh_tips);
//mRefreshLastTime = (TextView) mHeader.findViewById(R.id.refresh_last_time);
mRotateUp = new RotateAnimation(0.0f, -180.0f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);
mRotateUp.setDuration(ROTATE_DURATION);
mRotateUp.setFillAfter(true);
mRotateDown = new RotateAnimation(-180.0f, 0.0f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);
mRotateDown.setDuration(ROTATE_DURATION);
mRotateDown.setFillAfter(true);
}
public void setHeaderState(int state){
if(mState == state){
return;
}
mArrow.clearAnimation();
if(state == STATE_REFRESHING){
mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mArrow.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}else{
mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
mArrow.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
switch(state){
case STATE_NORMAL:
mArrow.startAnimation(mRotateDown);
mRefreshTips.setText(R.string.pull_down_for_refresh);
break;
case STATE_WILL_RELEASE:
mArrow.startAnimation(mRotateUp);
mRefreshTips.setText(R.string.release_for_refresh);
break;
case STATE_REFRESHING:
mRefreshTips.setText(R.string.refreshing);
break;
default:
break;
}
mState = state;
}
public int getCurrentState(){
return mState;
}
public void setHeaderHeight(int height){
if(height <= 0){
height = 0;
}
LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) mHeader.getLayoutParams();
lp.height = height;
mHeader.setLayoutParams(lp);
}
public int getHeaderHeight(){
return mHeader.getHeight();
}
}
這個代碼中,主要就兩個函數:setHeaderState 和 setHeaderHeight。 前者是根據TouchEvent,以及當前移動的距離,來設置狀態,同時,移動的距離去設置HeaderView的高度,達到一點一點的顯示出來。
2.2 FooterView的布局,以及代碼實現
看了HeaderView的布局與實現后,FooterView的布局與實現也差不多,咱們一起來看看吧
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="top" >
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/footer_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dip" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/loader_tips"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:text="@string/pull_up_for_more"
android:textSize="15sp" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/ivLoaderArrow"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dip"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/loader_tips"
android:contentDescription="@string/image_desc"
android:src="@drawable/refresh_arrow_up" />
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/pbLoaderWaiting"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleSmall"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:layout_marginRight="30dip"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@id/loader_tips"
android:visibility="gone" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
哇,這個布局比HeaderView布局還要簡單!?這個布局涵蓋了兩部分,不過,在布局中無法體現出來,但在代碼實現中體現出來了:
1. 上拉更多,這個布局全部顯示;
2. 如果是滑到底部點擊加載,就不會有ImageView;
還是來看看代碼實現吧
package com.chris.list.refresh;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.RotateAnimation;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class FooterView extends LinearLayout {
public final static int FOOTER_OPTIONS_PULL = 0;
public final static int FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK = 1;
private static int sFooterOps = FOOTER_OPTIONS_PULL;
public final static int STATE_NORMAL = 0;
public final static int STATE_WILL_RELEASE = 1;
public final static int STATE_LOADING = 2;
private int mState = STATE_NORMAL;
private View mFooter = null;
private ImageView mArrow = null;
private ProgressBar mProgressBar = null;
private TextView mLoaderTips = null;
private RotateAnimation mRotateUp = null;
private RotateAnimation mRotateDown = null;
private final static int ROTATE_DURATION = 250;
public FooterView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public FooterView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initFooterView(context);
}
private void initFooterView(Context context){
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = new LayoutParams(
LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, 0);
mFooter = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.loader_footer, null);
addView(mFooter, lp);
mArrow = (ImageView) mFooter.findViewById(R.id.ivLoaderArrow);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) mFooter.findViewById(R.id.pbLoaderWaiting);
mLoaderTips = (TextView) mFooter.findViewById(R.id.loader_tips);
mRotateDown = new RotateAnimation(0.0f, 180.0f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);
mRotateDown.setDuration(ROTATE_DURATION);
mRotateDown.setFillAfter(true);
mRotateUp = new RotateAnimation(180.0f, 0.0f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f,
Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f);
mRotateUp.setDuration(ROTATE_DURATION);
mRotateUp.setFillAfter(true);
setFooterViewOptions(FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK);
}
public void setFooterViewOptions(int options){
sFooterOps = options;
switch(sFooterOps){
case FOOTER_OPTIONS_PULL:
hide();
break;
case FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK:
show();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public int getFooterViewOptions(){
return sFooterOps;
}
public void setFooterState(int state){
if(mState == state){
return;
}
mArrow.clearAnimation();
if(state == STATE_LOADING){
mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mArrow.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}else{
mProgressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
mArrow.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}
switch(state){
case STATE_NORMAL:
mArrow.startAnimation(mRotateUp);
mLoaderTips.setText(R.string.pull_up_for_more);
break;
case STATE_WILL_RELEASE:
mArrow.startAnimation(mRotateDown);
mLoaderTips.setText(R.string.release_for_more);
break;
case STATE_LOADING:
mLoaderTips.setText(R.string.loading);
break;
default:
break;
}
mState = state;
}
public int getCurrentState(){
return mState;
}
public void setFooterHeight(int height){
if(height <= 0){
height = 0;
}
LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) mFooter.getLayoutParams();
lp.height = height;
mFooter.setLayoutParams(lp);
}
public int getFooterHeight(){
return mFooter.getHeight();
}
public void hide(){
mArrow.clearAnimation();
mArrow.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mLoaderTips.setText(R.string.pull_up_for_more);
setFooterHeight(0);
}
public void show(){
mArrow.clearAnimation();
mArrow.setVisibility(View.GONE);
mLoaderTips.setText(R.string.click_for_more);
LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) mFooter.getLayoutParams();
lp.height = LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
mFooter.setLayoutParams(lp);
}
}
代碼中,有個Options函數,用來提供設置:上拉或點擊。同樣,也有設置狀態,和設計高度。
2.3 擴展ListView的實現
package com.chris.list.refresh;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener;
import android.view.animation.DecelerateInterpolator;
import android.widget.AbsListView;
import android.widget.ListAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.Scroller;
import android.widget.AbsListView.OnScrollListener;
public class ListViewExt extends ListView implements OnScrollListener {
private final static String TAG = "ChrisLV";
private HeaderView mHeaderView = null;
private RelativeLayout mHeaderContent = null;
private int iHeaderHeight = 0;
private FooterView mFooterView = null;
private RelativeLayout mFooterContent = null;
private int iFooterHeight = 0;
private final static int SCROLL_HEADER = 0;
private final static int SCROLL_FOOTER = 1;
private int iScrollWhich = SCROLL_HEADER;
private Scroller mScroller = null;
private final static float OFFSET_Y = 0.7f;
private float iLastY = 0;
private int mTotalNumber = 0;
public ListViewExt(Context context) {
this(context, null, 0);
}
public ListViewExt(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public ListViewExt(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
initView(context);
}
private void initView(Context context){
/*
* mScroller用來回彈下拉刷新/上拉更多
* 配合computerScroll來使用
*/
mScroller = new Scroller(context, new DecelerateInterpolator());
super.setOnScrollListener(this);
initHeaderView(context);
initFooterView(context);
}
@Override
public void setAdapter(ListAdapter adapter) {
if(getFooterViewsCount() == 0){
addFooterView(mFooterView);
}
super.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
switch(ev.getAction()){
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
iLastY = ev.getY();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
float deltaY = ev.getY() - iLastY;
iLastY = ev.getY();
if(canHeaderPull() && getFirstVisiblePosition() == 0 &&
(deltaY > 0 || mHeaderView.getHeaderHeight() > 0)){
updateHeaderState(deltaY * OFFSET_Y);
}else if(canFooterPull() && getLastVisiblePosition() == mTotalNumber - 1
&& (deltaY < 0 || mFooterView.getFooterHeight() > 0)){
updateFooterState(-deltaY * OFFSET_Y);
}
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
if(getFirstVisiblePosition() == 0){
if(mHeaderView.getHeaderHeight() > iHeaderHeight){
mHeaderView.setHeaderState(HeaderView.STATE_REFRESHING);
if(mFooterView.getFooterViewOptions() == FooterView.FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK){
mFooterView.hide();
}
}
resetHeader();
}else if(getLastVisiblePosition() == mTotalNumber - 1){
if(mFooterView.getFooterHeight() > iFooterHeight){
mFooterView.setFooterState(FooterView.STATE_LOADING);
}
resetFooter();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
return super.onTouchEvent(ev);
}
@Override
public void computeScroll() {
if(mScroller.computeScrollOffset()){
if(iScrollWhich == SCROLL_HEADER){
mHeaderView.setHeaderHeight(mScroller.getCurrY());
}else if(iScrollWhich == SCROLL_FOOTER){
mFooterView.setFooterHeight(mScroller.getCurrY());
}
}
super.computeScroll();
}
/*
* 獲取ListView有多少個item:
* 1. 在init中,需要設置super.setOnScrollListener;
* 2. 重載以下兩個函數;
* 3. 在onScroll中取得totalItemCount即可;
*/
@Override
public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem,
int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) {
mTotalNumber = totalItemCount;
}
@Override
public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
private boolean canHeaderPull(){
if(mFooterView.getCurrentState() == FooterView.STATE_NORMAL){
return true;
}
return false;
}
private boolean canFooterPull(){
if(mHeaderView.getCurrentState() == HeaderView.STATE_NORMAL){
return true;
}
return false;
}
///////////////////////////////////// Header ////////////////////////////////
public void stopRefresh(){
if(mHeaderView.getCurrentState() == HeaderView.STATE_REFRESHING){
mHeaderView.setHeaderState(HeaderView.STATE_NORMAL);
resetHeader();
if(mFooterView.getFooterViewOptions() == FooterView.FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK){
mFooterView.show();
}
}
}
private void initHeaderView(Context context){
mHeaderView = new HeaderView(context);
mHeaderContent = (RelativeLayout) mHeaderView.findViewById(R.id.header_content);
addHeaderView(mHeaderView);
mHeaderView.getViewTreeObserver()
.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new OnGlobalLayoutListener(){
@Override
public void onGlobalLayout() {
iHeaderHeight = mHeaderContent.getHeight();
Log.d(TAG, "iHeaderHeight = " + iHeaderHeight);
getViewTreeObserver().removeGlobalOnLayoutListener(this);
}
});
}
private void updateHeaderState(float delta){
mHeaderView.setHeaderHeight((int)(delta + mHeaderView.getHeaderHeight()));
if(mHeaderView.getCurrentState() != HeaderView.STATE_REFRESHING){
if(mHeaderView.getHeaderHeight() > iHeaderHeight){
mHeaderView.setHeaderState(HeaderView.STATE_WILL_RELEASE);
}else{
mHeaderView.setHeaderState(HeaderView.STATE_NORMAL);
}
}
setSelection(0);
}
private void resetHeader(){
int height = mHeaderView.getHeaderHeight();
if(height == 0){
return;
}
int finalHeight = 0;
if(height > iHeaderHeight){
/*
* 如果超過HeaderView高度,則回滾到HeaderView高度即可
*/
finalHeight = iHeaderHeight;
}else if(mHeaderView.getCurrentState() == HeaderView.STATE_REFRESHING){
/*
* 如果HeaderView未完全顯示
* 1. 處於正在刷新中,則不管;
* 2. 回滾HeaderView當前可視高度
*/
return;
}
iScrollWhich = SCROLL_HEADER;
mScroller.startScroll(0, height, 0, finalHeight - height, 250);
invalidate();
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////// Footer ////////////////////////////////
public void setFooterMode(int options){
mFooterView.setFooterViewOptions(options);
}
public void stopLoad(){
if(mFooterView.getCurrentState() == FooterView.STATE_LOADING){
mFooterView.setFooterState(FooterView.STATE_NORMAL);
resetFooter();
}
}
private void initFooterView(Context context){
mFooterView = new FooterView(context);
mFooterContent = (RelativeLayout) mFooterView.findViewById(R.id.footer_content);
mFooterContent.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(mFooterView.getFooterViewOptions() == FooterView.FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK
&& mFooterView.getCurrentState() == FooterView.STATE_NORMAL){
mFooterView.setFooterState(FooterView.STATE_LOADING);
}
}
});
mFooterView.getViewTreeObserver()
.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new OnGlobalLayoutListener(){
@Override
public void onGlobalLayout() {
iFooterHeight = mFooterContent.getHeight();
Log.d(TAG, "iFooterHeight = " + iFooterHeight);
getViewTreeObserver().removeGlobalOnLayoutListener(this);
}
});
}
private void updateFooterState(float delta){
if(mFooterView.getFooterViewOptions() == FooterView.FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK){
return;
}
mFooterView.setFooterHeight((int)(delta + mFooterView.getFooterHeight()));
if(mFooterView.getCurrentState() != FooterView.STATE_LOADING){
if(mFooterView.getFooterHeight() > iFooterHeight){
mFooterView.setFooterState(FooterView.STATE_WILL_RELEASE);
}else{
mFooterView.setFooterState(FooterView.STATE_NORMAL);
}
}
}
private void resetFooter(){
int height = mFooterView.getFooterHeight();
if(height == 0){
return;
}
if(mFooterView.getFooterViewOptions() == FooterView.FOOTER_OPTIONS_CLICK){
return;
}
int finalHeight = 0;
if(height > iFooterHeight){
finalHeight = iFooterHeight;
}else if(mFooterView.getCurrentState() == FooterView.STATE_LOADING){
return;
}
iScrollWhich = SCROLL_FOOTER;
mScroller.startScroll(0, height, 0, finalHeight - height, 250);
invalidate();
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}
代碼結構比較清楚,相關的都集中在一起,大致流程是:
1. down時,記住坐標;
2. move時,判斷當前可見是否是第一個或是最后一個,如果是,則將移動的距離去設置HeaderView或FooterView的高度,達到一點一點的顯示出來;
3. up時,判斷HeaderView或FooterView是否滾動的距離超過它們的高度,如果是,則表示是刷新或加載,且回彈到移動的距離-高度;
4. 代碼還提供了沖突設置,即如果當前正在刷新中,則不允許滾動到底部上拉更多,或者顯示“點擊加載更多”,同樣,如果是底部正在加載,則不允許滾動到頂多,下拉刷新;
2.4 使用舉例
首頁布局
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<com.chris.list.refresh.ListViewExt
android:id="@+id/listview"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:divider="#000000"
android:dividerHeight="0.5dip"/>
</RelativeLayout>
首頁Activity代碼實現,和一般的使用ListView方法一樣
package com.chris.list.refresh;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.app.Activity;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private final static String TAG = "ChrisLV";
private ListViewExt mListView = null;
private String[] mList = {
"abcd1", "abcd2", "abcd3", "abcd4", "abcd5", "abcd6",
"abcd7", "abcd8", "abcd9", "abcd10", "abcd11", "abcd12",
"abcd13", "abcd14", "abcd15", "abcd16", "abcd17", "abcd18",
"abcd19", "abcd20", "abcd21", "abcd22", "abcd23", "abcd24"
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mListView = (ListViewExt) findViewById(R.id.listview);
mListView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
mList));
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener(){
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,
long arg3) {
Log.d(TAG, "arg2 = " + arg2);
if(arg2 > 0){
mListView.stopRefresh();
mListView.stopLoad();
}
mListView.setFooterMode(arg2 % 2);
}
});
}
}
在onItemClick中,只是做了簡單的將HeaderView或FooterView停止,並設置FooterView的加載模式:是上拉更多,還是點擊加載更多。
三、小結
本篇文章,大致就這么多,雖然,為了UI體驗友好,花了很多精力,但是一通百通,其它的也不外乎是這些,所以大家學習后,希望能舉一反三,同時,咱們也交流交流。
