>>> child = root[0] >>> print(child.tag) child1 >>> print(len(root)) 3 >>> root.index(root[1]) # lxml.etree only! 1 >>> children = list(root) >>> for child in root: ... print(child.tag) child1 child2 child3 >>> root.insert(0, etree.Element("child0")) >>> start = root[:1] >>> end = root[-1:] >>> print(start[0].tag) child0 >>> print(end[0].tag) child3
在ElementTree 1.3 和lxml 2.0之前,你可以通過檢查一個元素的真值來判斷它是否有子節點。例如,是否子節點的鏈表為空
if root: # this no longer works! print("The root element has children")
但是這種方式現在不被支持了,因為人們更傾向於某些東西評估為True,期待元素是某些東西。它們有沒有子節點等。因此,很多用戶會發現這讓人驚奇如果任意元素在一個if語句里面被評估為False。取而代之,使用len(element),這更清楚,也不容易犯錯。
>>> print(etree.iselement(root)) # test if it's some kind of Element True >>> if len(root): # test if it has children ... print("The root element has children") The root element has children
>>> for child in root: ... print(child.tag) child0 child1 child2 child3 >>> root[0] = root[-1] # this moves the element in lxml.etree! >>> for child in root: ... print(child.tag) child3 child1 child2
在這個例子里面,最后一個元素被移到了其他位置,而不是被復制了。
一個在lxml.etree中的元素只有唯一的父節點,可以使用getparent()方法來獲取。
>>> root is root[0].getparent() # lxml.etree only! True
如果你想把一個元素拷貝到到lxml.etree中的其他位置,考慮建立一個獨立的深拷貝
>>> from copy import deepcopy >>> element = etree.Element("neu") >>> element.append( deepcopy(root[1]) ) >>> print(element[0].tag) child1 >>> print([ c.tag for c in root ]) ['child3', 'child1', 'child2']
一個元素的siblings(或鄰居)是通過next或previoise方法獲取的
>>> root[0] is root[1].getprevious() # lxml.etree only! True >>> root[1] is root[0].getnext() # lxml.etree only! True