關於三段式狀態機（VHDL）的寫法心得和問題

三段式狀態機，看着很繁瑣，但是用起來條理清晰，自己總結一下

第一段：狀態改變

這里需要特別注意的是,第5行,狀態變化的時候,必須要使用時鍾沿,上升或下降,不能在兩個沿都變化,雖然這樣仿真正確,但是下載到硬件中無效,狀態不會變化

 

 

 

process(clk,rst_n)
begin
    if(rst_n = '0') then
        current_state <= s_wait;
    elsif rising_edge(clk) then
        current_state <= next_state;
    end if;
end process state_change;

 

 

 

第二段：狀態轉化

這一段注意：

敏感列表是current_state和process中涉及到變化的所有信號

在case xxx is 前面初始化 next_state <= s_wait; 這樣就不用在下面狀態中關心這個狀態了

最后要寫 when others => 空，據說是避免綜合出鎖存器，現在還不理解

process(current_state,Rxd_ready,Small_fifo_full,Small_fifo_empty,Txd_busy,Larger_fifo_empty)
begin
    next_state <= s_wait; --初始化

    case current_state is
    when s_wait =>
        if(receive_mode = '1') then
            if (Small_fifo_full = '1') then next_state <= lff_pop1;
            elsif (Rxd_ready = '1') then next_state <= lff_save1;end if;
            ....

    -------------------------------------------------
    when lff_save1 =>    next_state <= lff_save2;
    when lff_save2 =>    next_state <= lff_save3;
    when lff_save3 =>
        if(Rxd_ready = '1') then next_state <= lff_save3;
        else next_state <= s_wait; end if;
    when lff_pop1         => next_state <= lff_pop2;
    when lff_pop2         => next_state <= lff_pop3;
    when lff_pop3         => next_state <= lff_pop4;
    when lff_pop4         =>
        if(Small_fifo_empty = '1') then     next_state <= lff_pop5;
        else next_state <= lff_pop3; end if;
    when lff_pop5         => next_state <= s_wait;
    --------------------------------------------------
    when sd_s1 =>    next_state <= sd_s2;
    when sd_s2 =>    next_state <= sd_s3;
    ....
    when others => next_state <= s_wait;

    end case;
end process;

 

第三段：信號變化

這段注意：

敏感信號只有clk，而且必須是clk的沿來另狀態信號改變

一樣的,在case之前,將所涉及到變化的信號都初始化了,在下面每個狀態,將變化的信號寫在每個狀態里,要不然仿真會通過,但是實際在signalTAP中觀察到的,有些信號在狀態變化的時候,如果不固定了他的值,會有可能變化,很奇怪.

process(clk)
begin
if rising_edge(clk) then
    --信號初始化
    ce_n <= '1';
    cle  <= '0';
    ale  <= '0';
    we_n <= '1';
    re_n <= '1';
    write_ready <= '0';
    read_ready  <= '0';
    f_io <= (others => 'Z');

    case(next_state) is
    when f_wait =>

    when f_cmd_start_1 =>
        ce_n <= '0';
        cle  <= '1';
        we_n <= '0';
    ....

    when others =>
    end case;
end.......

over！