因為最近接觸到調用新浪微博開放接口的項目，所以就想試試用python調用微博API。
SDK下載地址：http://open.weibo.com/wiki/SDK 代碼不多十幾K，完全可以看懂。
有微博賬號可以新建一個APP，然后就可以得到app key和app secret，這個是APP獲得OAuth2.0授權所必須的。
了解OAuth2可以查看鏈接新浪微博的說明。 OAuth2授權參數除了需要app key和app secret還需要網站回調地址redirect_uri，並且這個回調地址不允許是局域網的（神馬localhost，127.0.0.1好像都不行），這個着實讓我着急了半天。我使用API也不是網站調用，於是查了很多。看到有人寫可以用這個地址替代，https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html，我試了一下果然可以，對於屌絲來說是個好消息。
下面先來個簡單的程序，感受一下：
設置好以下參數
import sys import weibo import webbrowser APP_KEY = '' MY_APP_SECRET = '' REDIRECT_URL = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html'
獲得微博授權URL，如第2行，用默認瀏覽器打開后會要求登陸微博，用需要授權的賬號登陸，如下圖
1 api = weibo.APIClient(app_key=APP_KEY,app_secret=MY_APP_SECRET,redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URL) 2 authorize_url = api.get_authorize_url() 3 print(authorize_url) 4 webbrowser.open_new(authorize_url)
登陸后會調轉到一個連接https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html?code=92cc6accecfb5b2176adf58f4c
關鍵就是code值，這個是認證的關鍵。手動輸入code值模擬認證
1 request = api.request_access_token(code, REDIRECT_URL) 2 access_token = request.access_token 3 expires_in = request.expires_in 4 api.set_access_token(access_token, expires_in) 5 api.statuses.update.post(status=u'Test OAuth 2.0 Send a Weibo!')
access_token就是獲得的token，expires_in是授權的過期時間 （UNIX時間）
用set_access_token保存授權。往下就可以調用微博接口了。測試發了一條微博
但是這樣的手動輸入code方式，不適合程序的調用，是否可以不用打開鏈接的方式來請求登陸獲取授權，經多方查找和參考，將程序改進如下，可以實現自動獲取code並保存，方便程序服務調用。
accessWeibo
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #/usr/bin/env python #access to SinaWeibo By sinaweibopy #實現微博自動登錄，token自動生成，保存及更新 #適合於后端服務調用 from weibo import APIClient import pymongo import sys, os, urllib, urllib2 from http_helper import * from retry import * try: import json except ImportError: import simplejson as json # setting sys encoding to utf-8 default_encoding = 'utf-8' if sys.getdefaultencoding() != default_encoding: reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding(default_encoding) # weibo api訪問配置 APP_KEY = '' # app key APP_SECRET = '' # app secret REDIRECT_URL = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/default.html' # callback url 授權回調頁,與OAuth2.0 授權設置的一致 USERID = '' # 登陸的微博用戶名，必須是OAuth2.0 設置的測試賬號 USERPASSWD = '' # 用戶密碼 client = APIClient(app_key=APP_KEY, app_secret=APP_SECRET, redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URL) def make_access_token(): #請求access token params = urllib.urlencode({ 'action':'submit', 'withOfficalFlag':'0', 'ticket':'', 'isLoginSina':'', 'response_type':'code', 'regCallback':'', 'redirect_uri':REDIRECT_URL, 'client_id':APP_KEY, 'state':'', 'from':'', 'userId':USERID, 'passwd':USERPASSWD, }) login_url = 'https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/authorize' url = client.get_authorize_url() content = urllib2.urlopen(url) if content: headers = { 'Referer' : url } request = urllib2.Request(login_url, params, headers) opener = get_opener(False) urllib2.install_opener(opener) try: f = opener.open(request) return_redirect_uri = f.url except urllib2.HTTPError, e: return_redirect_uri = e.geturl() # 取到返回的code code = return_redirect_uri.split('=')[1] #得到token token = client.request_access_token(code,REDIRECT_URL) save_access_token(token) def save_access_token(token): #將access token保存到MongoDB數據庫 mongoCon=pymongo.Connection(host="127.0.0.1",port=27017) db= mongoCon.weibo t={ "access_token":token['access_token'], "expires_in":str(token['expires_in']), "date":time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())) } db.token.insert(t,safe=True) #Decorator 目的是當調用make_access_token()后再執行一次apply_access_token() @retry(1) def apply_access_token(): #從MongoDB讀取及設置access token try: mongoCon=pymongo.Connection(host="127.0.0.1",port=27017) db= mongoCon.weibo if db.token.count()>0: tokenInfos=db.token.find().sort([("_id",pymongo.DESCENDING)]).limit(1) else: make_access_token() return False for tokenInfo in tokenInfos: access_token=tokenInfo["access_token"] expires_in=tokenInfo["expires_in"] try: client.set_access_token(access_token, expires_in) except StandardError, e: if hasattr(e, 'error'): if e.error == 'expired_token': # token過期重新生成 make_access_token() return False else: pass except: make_access_token() return False return True if __name__ == "__main__": apply_access_token() # 以下為訪問微博api的應用邏輯 # 以發布文字微博接口為例 client.statuses.update.post(status='Test OAuth 2.0 Send a Weibo!')
retry.py
import math import time # Retry decorator with exponential backoff def retry(tries, delay=1, backoff=2): """Retries a function or method until it returns True. delay sets the initial delay, and backoff sets how much the delay should lengthen after each failure. backoff must be greater than 1, or else it isn't really a backoff. tries must be at least 0, and delay greater than 0.""" if backoff <= 1: raise ValueError("backoff must be greater than 1") tries = math.floor(tries) if tries < 0: raise ValueError("tries must be 0 or greater") if delay <= 0: raise ValueError("delay must be greater than 0") def deco_retry(f): def f_retry(*args, **kwargs): mtries, mdelay = tries, delay # make mutable rv = f(*args, **kwargs) # first attempt while mtries > 0: if rv == True or type(rv) == str: # Done on success .. return rv mtries -= 1 # consume an attempt time.sleep(mdelay) # wait... mdelay *= backoff # make future wait longer rv = f(*args, **kwargs) # Try again return False # Ran out of tries :-( return f_retry # true decorator -> decorated function return deco_retry # @retry(arg[, ...]) -> true decorator
http_helper.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- #/usr/bin/env python import urllib2,cookielib class SmartRedirectHandler(urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler): def http_error_301(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers): result = urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_301(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers) result.status = code print headers return result def http_error_302(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers): result = urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_302(cls, req, fp, code, msg, headers) result.status = code print headers return result def get_cookie(): cookies = cookielib.CookieJar() return urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookies) def get_opener(proxy=False): rv=urllib2.build_opener(get_cookie(), SmartRedirectHandler()) rv.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)')] return rv