獲取網頁客戶端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),這種方法在大部分情況下都是有效的。但是在通過了Apache,Squid等反向代理軟件就不能獲取到客戶端的真實IP地址了;
經過代理以后,由於在客戶端和服務之間增加了中間層,因此服務器無法直接拿到客戶端的 IP,服務器端應用也無法直接通過轉發請求的地址返回給客戶端。但是在轉發請求的HTTP頭信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟蹤原有的客戶端IP地址和原來客戶端請求的服務器地址。當我們訪問index.jsp/時,其實並不是我們瀏覽器真正訪問到了服務器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服務器去訪問index.jsp ,代理服務器再將訪問到的結果返回給我們的瀏覽器,因為是代理服務器去訪問index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通過request.getRemoteAddr()的方法獲取的IP實際上是代理服務器的地址,並不是客戶端的IP地址。
//獲得客戶端真實IP地址的方法
public static String getClientIP(HttpServletRequest httpservletrequest) { if (httpservletrequest == null) return null; String s = httpservletrequest.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For"); if (s == null || s.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) s = httpservletrequest.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); if (s == null || s.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) s = httpservletrequest.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); if (s == null || s.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) s = httpservletrequest.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); if (s == null || s.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) s = httpservletrequest.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); if (s == null || s.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(s)) s = httpservletrequest.getRemoteAddr(); if ("127.0.0.1".equals(s) || "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(s)) try { s = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress(); } catch (UnknownHostException unknownhostexception) { } return s; }
可是,如果通過了多級反向代理的話,X-Forwarded-For的值並不止一個,而是一串IP值,究竟哪個才是真正的用戶端的真實IP呢?
答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一個非unknown的有效IP字符串。如:
X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100
用戶真實IP為: 192.168.1.110