最近在做android串口的開發,找到一個開源的串口類android-serialport-api。其主頁在這里http://code.google.com/p/android-serialport-api/ ,這里可以下到APK及對源碼。
但是下載源碼之后發現源碼不能直接使用,而且源碼結構較為復雜。關於串口的操作不外乎幾步:
1.打開串口(及配置串口);
2.讀串口;
3.寫串口;
4.關閉串口。
android-serialport-api的代碼使用了繼承等復雜的行為,不容易使初學者很快掌握關於串口的上述4步,所以我特別自己寫了一個demo,只有一個activity,其中包含了打開串口,寫串口,讀串口的操作,對於關閉串口,大家一開就會不明白怎么寫了。
這篇文章主要參考http://blog.csdn.net/tangcheng_ok/article/details/7021470
還有http://blog.csdn.net/jerome_home/article/details/8452305
下面言歸正傳:
第一:
說道android 串口,就不得不提JNI技術,它使得java中可以調用c語言寫成的庫。為可在android中使用串口,android-serialport-api的作者自己寫了一個c語言的動態鏈接庫serial_port.so(自動命名成libserial_port.so),並把它放在了libs/aemeabi 里,其c源文件在JNI中,大家在下載了android-serialport-api的源代碼后,將這兩個文件夾copy到自己新建的工程中即可。
第二:
然后將調用c語言寫成的動態鏈接庫的java類放入到src文件夾下的android.serialport包下,這里一定要將包名命名成這個,因為對JNI有一定了解的人就會知道,在寫c語言鏈接庫時候,函數的命名是和調用它的類所在的包名相關的,一旦包名與鏈接庫中函數的命名不相符,就不能調用鏈接庫的函數。這里可以打開jni中的.c文件(他就是動態鏈接庫的源文件),可以看到源碼:
- /*
- * Copyright 2009 Cedric Priscal
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- #include <termios.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <jni.h>
- #include "android/log.h"
- static const char *TAG="serial_port";
- #define LOGI(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, TAG, fmt, ##args)
- #define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, TAG, fmt, ##args)
- #define LOGE(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, fmt, ##args)
- static speed_t getBaudrate(jint baudrate)
- {
- switch(baudrate) {
- case 0: return B0;
- case 50: return B50;
- case 75: return B75;
- case 110: return B110;
- case 134: return B134;
- case 150: return B150;
- case 200: return B200;
- case 300: return B300;
- case 600: return B600;
- case 1200: return B1200;
- case 1800: return B1800;
- case 2400: return B2400;
- case 4800: return B4800;
- case 9600: return B9600;
- case 19200: return B19200;
- case 38400: return B38400;
- case 57600: return B57600;
- case 115200: return B115200;
- case 230400: return B230400;
- case 460800: return B460800;
- case 500000: return B500000;
- case 576000: return B576000;
- case 921600: return B921600;
- case 1000000: return B1000000;
- case 1152000: return B1152000;
- case 1500000: return B1500000;
- case 2000000: return B2000000;
- case 2500000: return B2500000;
- case 3000000: return B3000000;
- case 3500000: return B3500000;
- case 4000000: return B4000000;
- default: return -1;
- }
- }
- /*
- * Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort
- * Method: open
- * Signature: (Ljava/lang/String;)V
- */
- JNIEXPORT jobject JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_open
- (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jstring path, jint baudrate)
- {
- int fd;
- speed_t speed;
- jobject mFileDescriptor;
- /* Check arguments */
- {
- speed = getBaudrate(baudrate);
- if (speed == -1) {
- /* TODO: throw an exception */
- LOGE("Invalid baudrate");
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- /* Opening device */
- {
- jboolean iscopy;
- const char *path_utf = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, path, &iscopy);
- LOGD("Opening serial port %s", path_utf);
- fd = open(path_utf, O_RDWR | O_DIRECT | O_SYNC);
- LOGD("open() fd = %d", fd);
- (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, path, path_utf);
- if (fd == -1)
- {
- /* Throw an exception */
- LOGE("Cannot open port");
- /* TODO: throw an exception */
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- /* Configure device */
- {
- struct termios cfg;
- LOGD("Configuring serial port");
- if (tcgetattr(fd, &cfg))
- {
- LOGE("tcgetattr() failed");
- close(fd);
- /* TODO: throw an exception */
- return NULL;
- }
- cfmakeraw(&cfg);
- cfsetispeed(&cfg, speed);
- cfsetospeed(&cfg, speed);
- if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &cfg))
- {
- LOGE("tcsetattr() failed");
- close(fd);
- /* TODO: throw an exception */
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- /* Create a corresponding file descriptor */
- {
- jclass cFileDescriptor = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");
- jmethodID iFileDescriptor = (*env)->GetMethodID(env, cFileDescriptor, "<init>", "()V");
- jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, cFileDescriptor, "descriptor", "I");
- mFileDescriptor = (*env)->NewObject(env, cFileDescriptor, iFileDescriptor);
- (*env)->SetIntField(env, mFileDescriptor, descriptorID, (jint)fd);
- }
- return mFileDescriptor;
- }
- /*
- * Class: cedric_serial_SerialPort
- * Method: close
- * Signature: ()V
- */
- JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_android_serialport_SerialPort_close
- (JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
- {
- jclass SerialPortClass = (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, thiz);
- jclass FileDescriptorClass = (*env)->FindClass(env, "java/io/FileDescriptor");
- jfieldID mFdID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, SerialPortClass, "mFd", "Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;");
- jfieldID descriptorID = (*env)->GetFieldID(env, FileDescriptorClass, "descriptor", "I");
- jobject mFd = (*env)->GetObjectField(env, thiz, mFdID);
- jint descriptor = (*env)->GetIntField(env, mFd, descriptorID);
- LOGD("close(fd = %d)", descriptor);
- close(descriptor);
- }
可以看到,函數的命名規則直接和包名有關。
第三:
android.serialport包下,有兩個類,分別是SerialPort.java 和SerialPortFinder.java。
其中,SerialPort.java,這個類主要用來加載SO文件,通過JNI的方式打開關閉串口。
- /*
- * Copyright 2009 Cedric Priscal
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package android.serialport;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileDescriptor;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class SerialPort {
- private static final String TAG = "SerialPort";
- /*
- * Do not remove or rename the field mFd: it is used by native method close();
- */
- private FileDescriptor mFd;
- private FileInputStream mFileInputStream;
- private FileOutputStream mFileOutputStream;
- public SerialPort(File device, int baudrate) throws SecurityException, IOException {
- /* Check access permission */
- if (!device.canRead() || !device.canWrite()) {
- try {
- /* Missing read/write permission, trying to chmod the file */
- Process su;
- su = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/su");
- String cmd = "chmod 777 " + device.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
- + "exit\n";
- /*String cmd = "chmod 777 /dev/s3c_serial0" + "\n"
- + "exit\n";*/
- su.getOutputStream().write(cmd.getBytes());
- if ((su.waitFor() != 0) || !device.canRead()
- || !device.canWrite()) {
- throw new SecurityException();
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- throw new SecurityException();
- }
- }
- mFd = open(device.getAbsolutePath(), baudrate);
- if (mFd == null) {
- Log.e(TAG, "native open returns null");
- throw new IOException();
- }
- mFileInputStream = new FileInputStream(mFd);
- mFileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(mFd);
- }
- // Getters and setters
- public InputStream getInputStream() {
- return mFileInputStream;
- }
- public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
- return mFileOutputStream;
- }
- // JNI
- private native static FileDescriptor open(String path, int baudrate);
- public native void close();
- static {
- System.loadLibrary("serial_port");
- }
- }
含有一個類SerialPortFinder.java,這個類是用來找到系統中可以用的串口的,如果你知道的android設備有什么串口,就不必使用這個類來查找串口了,一次簡化我們的demo。
第四:加入我們自己的Activity類
為了方便我記在android.serialport包下加入了我自己的MyserialActivity.java,大家從上面的圖中也可以看見。
代碼如下:
- package android.serialport;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- //import android.serialport.sample.R;
- import android.serialport.R;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.EditText;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- public class MyserialActivity extends Activity {
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- EditText mReception;
- FileOutputStream mOutputStream;
- FileInputStream mInputStream;
- SerialPort sp;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- final Button buttonSetup = (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonSetup);
- buttonSetup.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- mReception = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.EditTextRec);
- try {
- sp=new SerialPort(new File("/dev/ttyS2"),9600);
- } catch (SecurityException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- mOutputStream=(FileOutputStream) sp.getOutputStream();
- mInputStream=(FileInputStream) sp.getInputStream();
- Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "open",
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- });
- final Button buttonsend= (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonSent1);
- buttonsend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- try {
- mOutputStream.write(new String("send").getBytes());
- mOutputStream.write('\n');
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "send",
- Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- });
- final Button buttonrec= (Button)findViewById(R.id.ButtonRec);
- buttonrec.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
- public void onClick(View v) {
- int size;
- try {
- byte[] buffer = new byte[64];
- if (mInputStream == null) return;
- size = mInputStream.read(buffer);
- if (size > 0) {
- onDataReceived(buffer, size);
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return;
- }
- }
- });
- }
- void onDataReceived(final byte[] buffer, final int size) {
- runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- if (mReception != null) {
- mReception.append(new String(buffer, 0, size));
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
可以看見,功能比較簡單,只有三個按鈕,分別用來打開串口(buttonsetup),寫串口(buttonsend),讀串口(buttonrec),一個文本框用來顯示串口接收到的信息。功能已經簡化到了最簡。
下面先說說在模擬器中使用串口的方法:
應先使用-serial選項打開你的模擬器,如圖(修改你模擬器的名字)
然后進入adb shell
cd /dev
chmod 777 ttyS2
運行后結果:
相比大家都懂得,我們的串口就是ttyS2,使用chmod命令來獲取對它的操作,否則之后你的應用可能沒有串口的操作權限。
然后運行程序:
其中Console就是打開串口(原諒我偷懶,忘改名字了)。
你可以把你的電腦的COM1連接到另一台電腦的串口上,並在那台電腦上打開你的串口助手之類的軟件,配置好串口(參數不難從源代碼里看出來)。按下模擬器中的send鍵,就能在那台電腦的串口助手中看到:
同樣,從那台電腦向這台電腦發送數據也可以顯示
至此,這個小demo就完畢了。
我的源碼在這里: http://download.csdn.net/detail/akunainiannian/5202173