【Android】【錄音】Android錄音--AudioRecord、MediaRecorder

    Android提供了兩個API用於實現錄音功能：android.media.AudioRecord、android.media.MediaRecorder。

    網上有很多談論這兩個類的資料。現在大致總結下：

1、AudioRecord

主要是實現邊錄邊播（AudioRecord+AudioTrack）以及對音頻的實時處理（如會說話的湯姆貓、語音）

優點：語音的實時處理，可以用代碼實現各種音頻的封裝

缺點：輸出是PCM語音數據，如果保存成音頻文件，是不能夠被播放器播放的，所以必須先寫代碼實現數據編碼以及壓縮

示例：

使用AudioRecord類錄音，並實現WAV格式封裝。錄音20s，輸出的音頻文件大概為3.5M左右（已寫測試代碼）

2、MediaRecorder

已經集成了錄音、編碼、壓縮等，支持少量的錄音音頻格式，大概有.aac（API = 16） .amr .3gp

優點：大部分以及集成，直接調用相關接口即可，代碼量小

缺點：無法實時處理音頻；輸出的音頻格式不是很多，例如沒有輸出mp3格式文件

示例：

使用MediaRecorder類錄音，輸出amr格式文件。錄音20s，輸出的音頻文件大概為33K（已寫測試代碼）

3、音頻格式比較

WAV格式：錄音質量高，但是壓縮率小，文件大

AAC格式：相對於mp3，AAC格式的音質更佳，文件更小；有損壓縮；一般蘋果或者Android SDK4.1.2（API 16）及以上版本支持播放

AMR格式：壓縮比比較大，但相對其他的壓縮格式質量比較差，多用於人聲，通話錄音

至於常用的mp3格式，使用MediaRecorder沒有該視頻格式輸出。一些人的做法是使用AudioRecord錄音，然后編碼成wav格式，再轉換成mp3格式

 

    再貼上一些測試工程。

功能描述：

1、點擊“錄音WAV文件”，開始錄音。錄音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.wav

2、點擊“錄音AMR文件”，開始錄音。錄音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.amr

3、點擊“停止錄音”，停止錄音，並顯示錄音輸出文件以及該文件大小。

 

大致代碼如下：

1、AudioRecord錄音，封裝成WAV格式

package com.example.audiorecordtest;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import android.media.AudioFormat;
import android.media.AudioRecord;

public class AudioRecordFunc { 
    // 緩沖區字節大小  
    private int bufferSizeInBytes = 0;
    
    //AudioName裸音頻數據文件 ，麥克風
    private String AudioName = "";  
    
    //NewAudioName可播放的音頻文件  
    private String NewAudioName = "";
    
    private AudioRecord audioRecord;  
    private boolean isRecord = false;// 設置正在錄制的狀態  
    
    
    private static AudioRecordFunc mInstance; 
         
    private AudioRecordFunc(){
    	
    }   
    
    public synchronized static AudioRecordFunc getInstance()
    {
        if(mInstance == null) 
        	mInstance = new AudioRecordFunc(); 
        return mInstance; 
    }
    
    public int startRecordAndFile() {
    	//判斷是否有外部存儲設備sdcard
    	if(AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())
    	{
    		if(isRecord)
    		{
    			return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;
    		}
    		else
    		{
    			if(audioRecord == null)
    				creatAudioRecord();
    			
    			audioRecord.startRecording();  
        		// 讓錄制狀態為true  
        		isRecord = true;  
        		// 開啟音頻文件寫入線程  
        		new Thread(new AudioRecordThread()).start();  
        		
        		return ErrorCode.SUCCESS;
    		}
    		
    	}    	
    	else
    	{
    		return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;    		
    	}    	

    }  
  
    public void stopRecordAndFile() {  
        close();  
    }
    
    
    public long getRecordFileSize(){
    	return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(NewAudioName);
    }
    
  
    private void close() {  
        if (audioRecord != null) {  
            System.out.println("stopRecord");  
            isRecord = false;//停止文件寫入  
            audioRecord.stop();  
            audioRecord.release();//釋放資源  
            audioRecord = null;  
        }  
    }
    
    
    private void creatAudioRecord() {  
    	// 獲取音頻文件路徑
    	AudioName = AudioFileFunc.getRawFilePath();
    	NewAudioName = AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath(); 
    	
        // 獲得緩沖區字節大小  
        bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,  
        		AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);  
        
        // 創建AudioRecord對象  
        audioRecord = new AudioRecord(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT, AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,  
        		AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes);  
    }
    
	
	class AudioRecordThread implements Runnable {  
        @Override  
        public void run() {  
            writeDateTOFile();//往文件中寫入裸數據  
            copyWaveFile(AudioName, NewAudioName);//給裸數據加上頭文件  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 這里將數據寫入文件，但是並不能播放，因為AudioRecord獲得的音頻是原始的裸音頻， 
     * 如果需要播放就必須加入一些格式或者編碼的頭信息。但是這樣的好處就是你可以對音頻的 裸數據進行處理，比如你要做一個愛說話的TOM 
     * 貓在這里就進行音頻的處理，然后重新封裝 所以說這樣得到的音頻比較容易做一些音頻的處理。 
     */  
    private void writeDateTOFile() {  
        // new一個byte數組用來存一些字節數據，大小為緩沖區大小  
        byte[] audiodata = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes];  
        FileOutputStream fos = null;  
        int readsize = 0;  
        try {  
            File file = new File(AudioName);  
            if (file.exists()) {  
                file.delete();  
            }  
            fos = new FileOutputStream(file);// 建立一個可存取字節的文件  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        while (isRecord == true) {  
            readsize = audioRecord.read(audiodata, 0, bufferSizeInBytes);  
            if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != readsize && fos!=null) {  
                try {  
                    fos.write(audiodata);  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    e.printStackTrace();  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        try {
        	if(fos != null)
        		fos.close();// 關閉寫入流  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
  
    // 這里得到可播放的音頻文件  
    private void copyWaveFile(String inFilename, String outFilename) {  
        FileInputStream in = null;  
        FileOutputStream out = null;  
        long totalAudioLen = 0;  
        long totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36;  
        long longSampleRate = AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE;  
        int channels = 2;  
        long byteRate = 16 * AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * channels / 8;  
        byte[] data = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes];  
        try {  
            in = new FileInputStream(inFilename);  
            out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename);  
            totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size();  
            totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36;  
            WriteWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen,  
                    longSampleRate, channels, byteRate);  
            while (in.read(data) != -1) {  
                out.write(data);  
            }  
            in.close();  
            out.close();  
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 這里提供一個頭信息。插入這些信息就可以得到可以播放的文件。 
     * 為我為啥插入這44個字節，這個還真沒深入研究，不過你隨便打開一個wav 
     * 音頻的文件，可以發現前面的頭文件可以說基本一樣哦。每種格式的文件都有 
     * 自己特有的頭文件。 
     */  
    private void WriteWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen,  
            long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate)  
            throws IOException {  
        byte[] header = new byte[44];  
        header[0] = 'R'; // RIFF/WAVE header  
        header[1] = 'I';  
        header[2] = 'F';  
        header[3] = 'F';  
        header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff);  
        header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff);  
        header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff);  
        header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff);  
        header[8] = 'W';  
        header[9] = 'A';  
        header[10] = 'V';  
        header[11] = 'E';  
        header[12] = 'f'; // 'fmt ' chunk  
        header[13] = 'm';  
        header[14] = 't';  
        header[15] = ' ';  
        header[16] = 16; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk  
        header[17] = 0;  
        header[18] = 0;  
        header[19] = 0;  
        header[20] = 1; // format = 1  
        header[21] = 0;  
        header[22] = (byte) channels;  
        header[23] = 0;  
        header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff);  
        header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff);  
        header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff);  
        header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff);  
        header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff);  
        header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff);  
        header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff);  
        header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff);  
        header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); // block align  
        header[33] = 0;  
        header[34] = 16; // bits per sample  
        header[35] = 0;  
        header[36] = 'd';  
        header[37] = 'a';  
        header[38] = 't';  
        header[39] = 'a';  
        header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff);  
        header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff);  
        header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff);  
        header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff);  
        out.write(header, 0, 44);  
    }  
}

 

2、MediaRecorder錄音，輸出amr格式音頻

package com.example.audiorecordtest;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import android.media.MediaRecorder;

public class MediaRecordFunc {	
	private boolean isRecord = false;
	
	private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;
	private MediaRecordFunc(){
	}
	
	private static MediaRecordFunc mInstance;
	public synchronized static MediaRecordFunc getInstance(){
		if(mInstance == null)
			mInstance = new MediaRecordFunc();
		return mInstance;
	}
	
	public int startRecordAndFile(){
		//判斷是否有外部存儲設備sdcard
    	if(AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())
    	{
    		if(isRecord)
    		{
    			return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;
    		}
    		else
    		{
    			if(mMediaRecorder == null)
    				createMediaRecord();
    			
    			try{
    				mMediaRecorder.prepare();
    				mMediaRecorder.start();
    				// 讓錄制狀態為true  
    				isRecord = true;
    				return ErrorCode.SUCCESS;
    			}catch(IOException ex){
    				ex.printStackTrace();
    				return ErrorCode.E_UNKOWN;
    			}
    		}
    		
    	}    	
    	else
    	{
    		return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;    		
    	}    	
	}
	
	
	public void stopRecordAndFile(){
		 close();
	}
	
	public long getRecordFileSize(){
    	return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());
    }
	
	
	private void createMediaRecord(){
		 /* ①Initial：實例化MediaRecorder對象 */
		mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();
		
		/* setAudioSource/setVedioSource*/
		mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT);//設置麥克風
		
		/* 設置輸出文件的格式：THREE_GPP/MPEG-4/RAW_AMR/Default
		 * THREE_GPP(3gp格式，H263視頻/ARM音頻編碼)、MPEG-4、RAW_AMR(只支持音頻且音頻編碼要求為AMR_NB)
		 */
		 mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.DEFAULT);
		 
		 /* 設置音頻文件的編碼：AAC/AMR_NB/AMR_MB/Default */
		 mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT);
		 
		 /* 設置輸出文件的路徑 */
		 File file = new File(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());
         if (file.exists()) {  
             file.delete();  
         } 
		 mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());
	}
	
	
	private void close(){
		if (mMediaRecorder != null) {  
            System.out.println("stopRecord");  
            isRecord = false;
            mMediaRecorder.stop();  
            mMediaRecorder.release();  
            mMediaRecorder = null;
        }  
	}
}

3、其他文件

AudioFileFunc.java

package com.example.audiorecordtest;

import java.io.File;

import android.media.MediaRecorder;
import android.os.Environment;

public class AudioFileFunc {
	//音頻輸入-麥克風
	public final static int AUDIO_INPUT = MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC;
	
	//采用頻率
	//44100是目前的標准，但是某些設備仍然支持22050，16000，11025
	public final static int AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE = 44100;	//44.1KHz,普遍使用的頻率	
	//錄音輸出文件
	private final static String AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME = "RawAudio.raw";
	private final static String AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.wav";
	public final static String AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.amr";
	
	/**
	 * 判斷是否有外部存儲設備sdcard
	 * @return true | false
	 */
	public static boolean isSdcardExit(){    	
    	if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))
    		return true;
    	else
    		return false;
    }
		
	/**
	 * 獲取麥克風輸入的原始音頻流文件路徑
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getRawFilePath(){
		String mAudioRawPath = "";
		if(isSdcardExit()){
			String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
    		mAudioRawPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME;
		}	
		
		return mAudioRawPath;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 獲取編碼后的WAV格式音頻文件路徑
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getWavFilePath(){
		String mAudioWavPath = "";
		if(isSdcardExit()){
			String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
			mAudioWavPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME;
		}
		return mAudioWavPath;
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 獲取編碼后的AMR格式音頻文件路徑
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getAMRFilePath(){
		String mAudioAMRPath = "";
		if(isSdcardExit()){
			String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
			mAudioAMRPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME;
		}
		return mAudioAMRPath;
	}	
	
	
	/**
	 * 獲取文件大小
	 * @param path,文件的絕對路徑
	 * @return
	 */
	public static long getFileSize(String path){
		File mFile = new File(path);
    	if(!mFile.exists())
    		return -1;
    	return mFile.length();
	}

}

 

4、其他文件

ErrorCode.java

package com.example.audiorecordtest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException;

public class ErrorCode {
	public final static int SUCCESS = 1000;
	public final static int E_NOSDCARD = 1001;
	public final static int E_STATE_RECODING = 1002;
	public final static int E_UNKOWN = 1003;
	
	
	public static String getErrorInfo(Context vContext, int vType) throws NotFoundException
	{
		switch(vType)
		{
		case SUCCESS:
			return "success";
		case E_NOSDCARD:
			return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_no_sdcard);
		case E_STATE_RECODING:
			return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_state_record);	
		case E_UNKOWN:
		default:
			return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_unknown);			
			
		}
	}

}

 

5、string.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="app_name">AudioRecordTest</string>
    <string name="hello_world">測試AudioRecord，實現錄音功能</string>
    <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="view_record_wav">錄音WAV文件</string>
    <string name="view_record_amr">錄音AMR文件</string>
    <string name="view_stop">停止錄音</string>
    
    <string name="error_no_sdcard">沒有SD卡，無法存儲錄音數據</string>
    <string name="error_state_record">正在錄音中，請先停止錄音</string>
    <string name="error_unknown">無法識別的錯誤</string>

</resources>

 

6、主程序MainActivity

package com.example.audiorecordtest; 

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView; 

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private final static int FLAG_WAV = 0;
    private final static int FLAG_AMR = 1;
    private int mState = -1;    //-1:沒再錄制，0：錄制wav，1：錄制amr
    private Button btn_record_wav;
    private Button btn_record_amr;
    private Button btn_stop;
    private TextView txt;
    private UIHandler uiHandler;
    private UIThread uiThread; 

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        findViewByIds();
        setListeners();
        init();
    } 

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
        return true;
    }
    private void findViewByIds(){
        btn_record_wav = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_wav);
        btn_record_amr = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_amr);
        btn_stop = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);
        txt = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.text);
    }
    private void setListeners(){
        btn_record_wav.setOnClickListener(btn_record_wav_clickListener);
        btn_record_amr.setOnClickListener(btn_record_amr_clickListener);
        btn_stop.setOnClickListener(btn_stop_clickListener);
    }
    private void init(){
        uiHandler = new UIHandler();        
    }
    private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_wav_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){
        public void onClick(View v){
            record(FLAG_WAV);
        }
    };
    private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_amr_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){
        public void onClick(View v){
            record(FLAG_AMR);
        }
    };
    private Button.OnClickListener btn_stop_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){
        public void onClick(View v){
            stop();     
        }
    };
    /**
     * 開始錄音
     * @param mFlag，0：錄制wav格式，1：錄音amr格式
     */
    private void record(int mFlag){
        if(mState != -1){
            Message msg = new Message();
            Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放數據
            b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);
            b.putInt("msg", ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING);
            msg.setData(b); 

            uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler發送消息,更新UI
            return;
        } 
        int mResult = -1;
        switch(mFlag){        
        case FLAG_WAV:
            AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();
            mResult = mRecord_1.startRecordAndFile();            
            break;
        case FLAG_AMR:
            MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();
            mResult = mRecord_2.startRecordAndFile();
            break;
        }
        if(mResult == ErrorCode.SUCCESS){
            uiThread = new UIThread();
            new Thread(uiThread).start();
            mState = mFlag;
        }else{
            Message msg = new Message();
            Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放數據
            b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);
            b.putInt("msg", mResult);
            msg.setData(b); 

            uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler發送消息,更新UI
        }
    }
    /**
     * 停止錄音
     */
    private void stop(){
        if(mState != -1){
            switch(mState){
            case FLAG_WAV:
                AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();
                mRecord_1.stopRecordAndFile();
                break;
            case FLAG_AMR:
                MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();
                mRecord_2.stopRecordAndFile();
                break;
            }            
            if(uiThread != null){
                uiThread.stopThread();
            }
            if(uiHandler != null)
                uiHandler.removeCallbacks(uiThread); 
            Message msg = new Message();
            Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放數據
            b.putInt("cmd",CMD_STOP);
            b.putInt("msg", mState);
            msg.setData(b);
            uiHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,1000); // 向Handler發送消息,更新UI 
            mState = -1;
        }
    }    
    private final static int CMD_RECORDING_TIME = 2000;
    private final static int CMD_RECORDFAIL = 2001;
    private final static int CMD_STOP = 2002;
    class UIHandler extends Handler{
        public UIHandler() {
        }
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.d("MyHandler", "handleMessage......");
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            Bundle b = msg.getData();
            int vCmd = b.getInt("cmd");
            switch(vCmd)
            {
            case CMD_RECORDING_TIME:
                int vTime = b.getInt("msg");
                MainActivity.this.txt.setText("正在錄音中，已錄制："+vTime+" s");
                break;
            case CMD_RECORDFAIL:
                int vErrorCode = b.getInt("msg");
                String vMsg = ErrorCode.getErrorInfo(MainActivity.this, vErrorCode);
                MainActivity.this.txt.setText("錄音失敗："+vMsg);
                break;
            case CMD_STOP:                
                int vFileType = b.getInt("msg");
                switch(vFileType){
                case FLAG_WAV:
                    AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance(); 
                    long mSize = mRecord_1.getRecordFileSize();
                    MainActivity.this.txt.setText("錄音已停止.錄音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);
                    break;
                case FLAG_AMR:                    
                    MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();
                    mSize = mRecord_2.getRecordFileSize();
                    MainActivity.this.txt.setText("錄音已停止.錄音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);
                    break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
        }
    };
    class UIThread implements Runnable {        
        int mTimeMill = 0;
        boolean vRun = true;
        public void stopThread(){
            vRun = false;
        }
        public void run() {
            while(vRun){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                mTimeMill ++;
                Log.d("thread", "mThread........"+mTimeMill);
                Message msg = new Message();
                Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放數據
                b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDING_TIME);
                b.putInt("msg", mTimeMill);
                msg.setData(b); 

                MainActivity.this.uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler發送消息,更新UI
            } 

        }
    } 

}