Objective-C學習之旅(四)----內存管理2----retain點語法


一、retain屬性的主要作用

  1、O-C內存管理和點語法

    1>OC內存管理正常情況要使用大量的retain和relrese操作

    2>點語法可以減少使用retain和release的操作  

二、@property(retain)編譯器如何申明

  編譯器對於@property中的retain展開是不一樣的

  主要是要釋放上一次的值,增加本次計數器

  在dog.h中聲明的:

  @property(retain)Dog *dog;

  展開后為:

  -(void) setDog:(Dog *)aDog;

  -(Dog *)dog;

三、@synthesize編譯器如何實現展開

  在dog.m中實現:

  @synthesize dog=_dog;

  展開后為:

  -(void) setDog:(Dog *)aDog{

    if(_dog!=aDog){

    [_dog release];

    _dog=[aDog retain];

    }

       }

  -(Dog *)dog{

    return _dog;

  }

四、dealloc需要注意內容

  dealloc必須要釋放dog(retain)

  在dog.m中

  -(void) dealloc

  {

    self.dog=nil;

    [super dealloc];

  }

五、copy屬性的主要作用

  copy屬性是完全把對象重新拷貝了一份,計數器從新設置為1,和之前拷貝的數據完全脫離關系。

  @property(copy) NSString* str;

  //表示屬性的getter函數

  -(double) str

  {

    return str;

  }

  //表示屬性的setter函數

  -(void) setStr:(NSString *)newStr

  {

    str=[newStr copy];

  }

六、assign,retain,copy

  1、foo=value;//簡單的引用賦值

  2、foo=[value retain];//引用賦值,並且增加value的計數器

  3、foo=[value copy];//將value復制了一份給foo,復制后,foo和value就毫無關系

Person.h中的代碼

View Code
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Dog.h"
@interface Person : NSObject
{
    Dog *_dog;
}
//- (void) setDog:(Dog *)aDog;
//- (Dog *) dog;
@property (retain) Dog *dog;


@end

Person.m

View Code
#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person
@synthesize dog = _dog;
//- (void) setDog:(Dog *)aDog
//{
//    if (aDog != _dog) {
//        [_dog release];
//        
//        _dog = [aDog retain];
//        //讓_dog技術器 +1
//    }
//}
//- (Dog *) dog
//{
//    return _dog;
//}

- (void) dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"person is dealloc");
    // 把人擁有的_dog釋放
    //[_dog release], _dog = nil;
    self.dog = nil;
    //[self setDog:nil];
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

Dog.h

View Code
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject
{
    int _ID;
}
@property int ID;

@end

Dog.m

View Code
#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog

@synthesize ID = _ID;

- (void) dealloc
{
    NSLog(@"dog %d is dealloc", _ID);
    [super dealloc];
}
@end

main.m

View Code
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Person.h"
#import "Dog.h"
// Person
// Dog.
// Person Dog.

int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{

    @autoreleasepool {
        NSLog(@"Hello, World!");
        
        Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        [dog1 setID:1];
        
        Dog *dog2 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        [dog2 setID:2];
        
        Person *xiaoLi = [[Person alloc] init];
        [xiaoLi setDog:dog1];
        
        [xiaoLi setDog:dog2];
        
        [dog1 release];
        [xiaoLi release];
        [dog2 release];
        
#if 0
        Dog *dog1 = [[Dog alloc] init];
        [dog1 setID:1];
        
        Person *xiaoLi = [[Person alloc] init];
        // 小麗要遛狗
        [xiaoLi setDog:dog1];
        
        Person *xiaoWang = [[Person alloc] init];
        [xiaoWang setDog:dog1];
        
        NSLog(@"dog1 retain count is %ld", 
              [dog1 retainCount]);
        // dog1 retain count is 3
        
        [dog1 release];
        NSLog(@"dog1 retain count2 is %ld", 
              [dog1 retainCount]);
        // dog1 retain count2 is 2
        
        [xiaoWang release];
        
        NSLog(@"dog1 retain count3 is %ld", 
              [dog1 retainCount]);
        // person is dealloc
       //  dog1 retain count3 is 1
    
        [xiaoLi release];

        // person is dealloc
        // dog 1 is dealloc
#endif

    }
    return 0;
}

 

 


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