event 事件兼容性處理 keycode 大全

本文轉載自查看原文 2012-11-27 11:59 2821

javascript判斷是否按回車鍵

function enterHandler(event)
{
   var keyCode = event.keyCode ? event.keyCode : event.which ? event.which : event.charCode;
   if (keyCode == 13) {
    //處理函數
   }
}

keycode 8 = BackSpace BackSpace
keycode 9 = Tab Tab
keycode 12 = Clear
keycode 13 = Enter
keycode 16 = Shift_L
keycode 17 = Control_L
keycode 18 = Alt_L
keycode 19 = Pause
keycode 20 = Caps_Lock
keycode 27 = Escape Escape
keycode 32 = space space
keycode 33 = Prior
keycode 34 = Next
keycode 35 = End
keycode 36 = Home
keycode 37 = Left
keycode 38 = Up
keycode 39 = Right
keycode 40 = Down
keycode 41 = Select
keycode 42 = Print
keycode 43 = Execute
keycode 45 = Insert
keycode 46 = Delete
keycode 47 = Help
keycode 48 = 0 equal braceright
keycode 49 = 1 exclam onesuperior
keycode 50 = 2 quotedbl twosuperior
keycode 51 = 3 section threesuperior
keycode 52 = 4 dollar
keycode 53 = 5 percent
keycode 54 = 6 ampersand
keycode 55 = 7 slash braceleft
keycode 56 = 8 parenleft bracketleft
keycode 57 = 9 parenright bracketright
keycode 65 = a A
keycode 66 = b B
keycode 67 = c C
keycode 68 = d D
keycode 69 = e E EuroSign
keycode 70 = f F
keycode 71 = g G
keycode 72 = h H
keycode 73 = i I
keycode 74 = j J
keycode 75 = k K
keycode 76 = l L
keycode 77 = m M mu
keycode 78 = n N
keycode 79 = o O
keycode 80 = p P
keycode 81 = q Q at
keycode 82 = r R
keycode 83 = s S
keycode 84 = t T
keycode 85 = u U
keycode 86 = v V
keycode 87 = w W
keycode 88 = x X
keycode 89 = y Y
keycode 90 = z Z
keycode 96 = KP_0 KP_0
keycode 97 = KP_1 KP_1
keycode 98 = KP_2 KP_2
keycode 99 = KP_3 KP_3
keycode 100 = KP_4 KP_4
keycode 101 = KP_5 KP_5
keycode 102 = KP_6 KP_6
keycode 103 = KP_7 KP_7
keycode 104 = KP_8 KP_8
keycode 105 = KP_9 KP_9
keycode 106 = KP_Multiply KP_Multiply
keycode 107 = KP_Add KP_Add
keycode 108 = KP_Separator KP_Separator
keycode 109 = KP_Subtract KP_Subtract
keycode 110 = KP_Decimal KP_Decimal
keycode 111 = KP_Divide KP_Divide
keycode 112 = F1
keycode 113 = F2
keycode 114 = F3
keycode 115 = F4
keycode 116 = F5
keycode 117 = F6
keycode 118 = F7
keycode 119 = F8
keycode 120 = F9
keycode 121 = F10
keycode 122 = F11
keycode 123 = F12
keycode 124 = F13
keycode 125 = F14
keycode 126 = F15
keycode 127 = F16
keycode 128 = F17
keycode 129 = F18
keycode 130 = F19
keycode 131 = F20
keycode 132 = F21
keycode 133 = F22
keycode 134 = F23
keycode 135 = F24
keycode 136 = Num_Lock
keycode 137 = Scroll_Lock
keycode 187 = acute grave
keycode 188 = comma semicolon
keycode 189 = minus underscore
keycode 190 = period colon
keycode 192 = numbersign apostrophe
keycode 210 = plusminus hyphen macron
keycode 211 =
keycode 212 = copyright registered
keycode 213 = guillemotleft guillemotright
keycode 214 = masculine ordfeminine
keycode 215 = ae AE
keycode 216 = cent yen
keycode 217 = questiondown exclamdown
keycode 218 = onequarter onehalf threequarters
keycode 220 = less greater bar
keycode 221 = plus asterisk asciitilde
keycode 227 = multiply division
keycode 228 = acircumflex Acircumflex
keycode 229 = ecircumflex Ecircumflex
keycode 230 = icircumflex Icircumflex
keycode 231 = ocircumflex Ocircumflex
keycode 232 = ucircumflex Ucircumflex
keycode 233 = ntilde Ntilde
keycode 234 = yacute Yacute
keycode 235 = oslash Ooblique
keycode 236 = aring Aring
keycode 237 = ccedilla Ccedilla
keycode 238 = thorn THORN
keycode 239 = eth ETH
keycode 240 = diaeresis cedilla currency
keycode 241 = agrave Agrave atilde Atilde
keycode 242 = egrave Egrave
keycode 243 = igrave Igrave
keycode 244 = ograve Ograve otilde Otilde
keycode 245 = ugrave Ugrave
keycode 246 = adiaeresis Adiaeresis
keycode 247 = ediaeresis Ediaeresis
keycode 248 = idiaeresis Idiaeresis
keycode 249 = odiaeresis Odiaeresis
keycode 250 = udiaeresis Udiaeresis
keycode 251 = ssharp question backslash
keycode 252 = asciicircum degree
keycode 253 = 3 sterling
keycode 254 = Mode_switch

字母和數字鍵的鍵碼值(keyCode)
按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼
A	65	J	74	S	83	1	49
B	66	K	75	T	84	2	50
C	67	L	76	U	85	3	51
D	68	M	77	V	86	4	52
E	69	N	78	W	87	5	53
F	70	O	79	X	88	6	54
G	71	P	80	Y	89	7	55
H	72	Q	81	Z	90	8	56
I	73	R	82	0	48	9	57

數字鍵盤上的鍵的鍵碼值(keyCode)				功能鍵鍵碼值(keyCode)
按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼
0	96	8	104	F1	112	F7	118
1	97	9	105	F2	113	F8	119
2	98	*	106	F3	114	F9	120
3	99	+	107	F4	115	F10	121
4	100	Enter	108	F5	116	F11	122
5	101	-	109	F6	117	F12	123
6	102	.	110
7	103	/	111

控制鍵鍵碼值(keyCode)
按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼	按鍵	鍵碼
BackSpace	8	Esc	27	Right Arrow	39	-_	189
Tab	9	Spacebar	32	Down Arrow	40	.>	190
Clear	12	Page Up	33	Insert	45	/?	191
Enter	13	Page Down	34	Delete	46	`~	192
Shift	16	End	35	Num Lock	144	[{	219
Control	17	Home	36	;:	186	\\|	220
Alt	18	Left Arrow	37	=+	187	]}	221
Cape Lock	20	Up Arrow	38	,<	188	'"	222

keycode兼容性處理：

View Code

javascript判斷是否按回車鍵

function enterHandler(event)
{
   var keyCode = event.keyCode ? event.keyCode : event.which ? event.which : event.charCode;
   if (keyCode == 13) {
    //處理函數
   }
}

event兼容性處理：

View Code

function myEventHandler(e) {

    // 注意參數e
    // 該函數調用的時候e是event對象（W3C實現）

    // 兼容IE的代碼
    e = e || window.event;

    // 現在e就可以兼容各種瀏覽器了

}

Event對象，當事件發生的時候出發某個函數，該Event對象將自動在函數內可用，該對象包含了很多事件觸發時候的信息，但IE卻沒有這么實現，而是自己實現的，IE瀏覽器是通過全局對象window下的event屬性來包含這些信息

preventDefault兼容性處理：

View Code

function myEventHandler(e) {
    e = e || window.event;
    // 防止默認行為
    if (e.preventDefault) {
        e.preventDefault();
    } else {
        e.returnValue = false;
    }
}

阻止冒泡兼容性處理：

View Code

function myParagraphEventHandler(e) {

    e = e || window.event;

    // 停止向上冒泡
    if (e.stopPropagation) {
        // W3C實現  
        e.stopPropagation();
    } else {
        // IE實現  
        e.cancelBubble = true;
    }

}

e.target兼容性處理：

View Code

var target = event ? event.target : window.event.srcElement;

事件委托

舉例來說，如果你有一個很多行的大表格，在每個<tr>上綁定點擊事件是個非常危險的想法，因為性能是個大問題。流行的做法是使用事件委托。事件委托描述的是將事件綁定在容器元素上，然后通過判斷點擊的target子元素的類型來觸發相應的事件。事件委托依賴於事件冒泡，如果事件冒泡到table之前被禁用的話，那么下面的代碼就無法工作了。

View Code

var myTable = document.getElementById('my-table');

myTable.onclick = function () {

    // 處理瀏覽器兼容
    e = e || window.event;
    var targetNode = e.target || e.srcElement;

    // 測試如果點擊的是TR就觸發
    if (targetNode.nodeName.toLowerCase() === 'tr') {
        alert('You clicked a table row!');
    }

}

關於W3C和微軟模型還有其他的少許差異，比如this，在觸發事件的時候函數中的this一般都是該元素上下文，，也就說this引用該元素自身，在基本事件注冊和W3C模型中都沒有問題，但在微軟模型的實現里卻可能出錯，請參考如下代碼：

View Code

function myEventHandler() {
    this.style.display = 'none';
}

// 正常工作，this是代表該元素
myIntro.onclick = myEventHandler;

// 正常工作，this是代表該元素
myIntro.addEventListener('click', myEventHandler, false);

// 不正常，這時候的this是代表Window對象
myIntro.attachEvent('onclick', myEventHandler);

獲取鼠標點擊按鍵

View Code

getButton : function(event){
    if(document.implementation.hasFeature("MouseEvents","2.0")){
        return event.button;
    }else{
          switch(event.button){
                case 0 :
                case 1 :
                case 3 :
                case 5 :
                case 7 :
                          return 0;
                case 2 :
                case 6 :
                          return 2;
                case 4 :
                          return 1;
            }
     }
}

事件綁定：

1、簡單實用版：缺點：不能移除匿名處理函數事件

View Code

function bind(elm, evType, fn, useCapture) {
    if (elm.addEventListener) {
         elm.addEventListener(evType, fn, useCapture);//DOM2.0
        
    }else if (elm.attachEvent) {
        elm.attachEvent('on' + evType, function(){
               fn.call(elm,window.event);
       });//IE5+

    }else {
        elm['on' + evType] = fn;//DOM 0
    }
}

2、Dean Edwards版：

給元素添加事件，在標准瀏覽器中使用addEventListener，而在IE中使用attachEvent，但是IE的attachEvent不支持捕獲階段的事件處理程序，並且同一個處理程序能添加多次，並且this指向錯誤。

Dean Edwards給出了一種不使用attachEvent添加事件處理程序的方法，解決了同一個處理程序可以添加多次的問題，並且修正了IE中event對象與標准瀏覽器中event對象的差別。

http://dean.edwards.name/weblog/2005/10/add-event/

View Code

function addEvent(element, type, handler) {
  // assign each event handler a unique ID
  if (!handler.$$guid) handler.$$guid = addEvent.guid++;
  // create a hash table of event types for the element
  if (!element.events) element.events = {};
  // create a hash table of event handlers for each element/event pair
  var handlers = element.events[type];
  if (!handlers) {
    handlers = element.events[type] = {};
    // store the existing event handler (if there is one)
    if (element["on" + type]) {
      handlers[0] = element["on" + type];
    }
  }
  // store the event handler in the hash table
  handlers[handler.$$guid] = handler;
  // assign a global event handler to do all the work
  element["on" + type] = handleEvent;
};
// a counter used to create unique IDs
addEvent.guid = 1;

function removeEvent(element, type, handler) {
  // delete the event handler from the hash table
  if (element.events && element.events[type]) {
    delete element.events[type][handler.$$guid];
  }
};

function handleEvent(event) {
  // grab the event object (IE uses a global event object)
  event = event || window.event;
  // get a reference to the hash table of event handlers
  var handlers = this.events[event.type];
  // execute each event handler
  for (var i in handlers) {
    this.$$handleEvent = handlers[i];
    this.$$handleEvent(event);
  }
};

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