php Collection類的設計

用。net開發已經很多年了，最近接觸到php，發現php也很好玩。不過發現它里面沒有集合Collection類，只有數組，並且數組很強。這里我用數組來包裝成一個集合Collection，代碼如下：

class Collection{
	private $_members=array();
	
	public  function addItem($obj,$key=null)
	{
		if($key)
		{
			if(isset($this->_members[$key]))
			{
				throw  new exception("Key \"$key\" already in use!");
			}
			else
			{
				$this->_members[$key]=$obj;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			$this->_members[]=$obj;
		}
	}
	
	public function removeItem($key)
	{
		if(isset($this->_members[$key]))
		{
			unset($this->_members[$key]);
		}
		else
		{
			throw new exception("Invalid Key \"$key\"!");
		}
	}
	public function getItem($key)
	{
		if(isset($this->_members[$key]))
		{
			return $this->_members[$key];
		}
		else
		{
			throw new  exception("Invalid Key \"$key\"!");
		}
	}
	
	public function Keys()
	{
		return array_keys($this->_members);
	}
	
	public function legth()
	{
		return sizeof($this->_members);
	}
	
	public function exists($key)
	{
		return (isset($this->_members[$key]));
	}
}

現在我們來測試一下這個集合是否好用。

我們首先建立一個集合元素類Course：

class  Course
{
	private $_id;
	private $_courseCode;
	private $_name;
	
  public function __construct($id,$courseCode,$name)
	{
		$this->_id=$id;
		$this->_courseCode=$courseCode;
		$this->_name=$name;
	}
	
	public function getName()
	{
		return $this->_name;
	}
	
	public function getID()
	{
		return $this->_id;
	}
	
	public function getCourseCode()
	{
		return $this->_courseCode;
	}
	
	public function __toString()
	{
		return $this->_name;
	}
}

測試代碼如下：
$courses=new Collection();
$courses->addItem(new Course(1, "001", "語文"),1);
$courses->addItem(new Course(2, "002", "數學"),2);
$obj=$courses->getItem(1);
print $obj;
我想這個集合類應該可以滿足我們平日開發的需求了吧。
可是我們現在。net里面有個對象延遲加載，舉個例子來說吧，假如現在有Student這個對象，它應該有很多Course，但是我們希望在訪問Course之前Course是不會加載的。也就是說在實例化Student的時候Course個數為0，當我們需要Course的時候它才真正從數據庫讀取相應數據。就是需要我們把Collection做成惰性實例化。
修改后的Collection代碼如下：

class Collection {

  private $_members = array();    //collection members

  private $_onload;               //holder for callback function

  private $_isLoaded = false;     //flag that indicates whether the callback
                                  //has been invoked

  public function addItem($obj, $key = null) {
    $this->_checkCallback();      //_checkCallback is defined a little later
        
    if($key) {
      if(isset($this->_members[$key])) {
        throw new KeyInUseException("Key \"$key\" already in use!");
      } else {
        $this->_members[$key] = $obj;
      }
    } else {
      $this->_members[] = $obj;
    }
  }

  public function removeItem($key) {
    $this->_checkCallback();
    
    if(isset($this->_members[$key])) {
      unset($this->_members[$key]);
    } else {
      throw new KeyInvalidException("Invalid key \"$key\"!");
    }  
  }
  
  public function getItem($key) {
    $this->_checkCallback();
    
    if(isset($this->_members[$key])) {
      return $this->_members[$key];
    } else {
      throw new KeyInvalidException("Invalid key \"$key\"!");
    }
  }

  public function keys() {
    $this->_checkCallback();
    return array_keys($this->_members);
  }

  public function length() {
    $this->_checkCallback();
    return sizeof($this->_members);
  }

  public function exists($key) {
    $this->_checkCallback();
    return (isset($this->_members[$key]));
  }

  /**
   * Use this method to define a function to be 
   * invoked prior to accessing the collection.  
   * The function should take a collection as a 
   * its sole parameter.
   */
  public function setLoadCallback($functionName, $objOrClass = null) {
    if($objOrClass) {
      $callback = array($objOrClass, $functionName);
    } else {
      $callback = $functionName;
    }
    
    //make sure the function/method is valid
    if(!is_callable($callback, false, $callableName)) {
      throw new Exception("$callableName is not callable " . 
                          "as a parameter to onload");
      return false;
    }
    
    $this->_onload = $callback;
  }
  
  /**
   * Check to see if a callback has been defined and if so,
   * whether or not it has already been called.  If not,
   * invoke the callback function.
   */
  private function _checkCallback() {
    if(isset($this->_onload) && !$this->_isLoaded) {
      $this->_isLoaded = true;
      call_user_func($this->_onload, $this);     }
  }
}

所需的Student如下：

class CourseCollection extends Collection {
 public function addItem(Course $obj,$key=null) {
		parent::addItem($obj,$key);
	}
}
class Student{
	private $_id;
	private $_name;
	public $course;
	
	public	function __construct($id,$name)
	{
		$this->_id=$id;
		$this->_name=$name;
		$this->course=new CourseCollection();
		$this->course->setLoadCallback('loadCourses',$this);
	}
	
	public function getName()
	{
		return $this->_name;
	}
	
	public function getID()
	{
		return $this->_id;
	}
	
	public function __toString()
	{
		return $this->_name;
	}
	public function loadCourses(Collection $col)
	{
		$col->addItem(new Course(1, "001", "語文"),1);
		$col->addItem(new Course(2, "002", "數學"),2);
	}
}

調用代碼如下：

$student=new Student(1, "majiang");
print $student->getName();
print $student->course->getItem(1);