與眾不同 windows phone (30) - Communication(通信)之基於 Socket TCP 開發一個多人聊天室


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與眾不同 windows phone (30) - Communication(通信)之基於 Socket TCP 開發一個多人聊天室



作者:webabcd


介紹
與眾不同 windows phone 7.5 (sdk 7.1) 之通信

  • 實例 - 基於 Socket TCP 開發一個多人聊天室



示例
1、服務端
ClientSocketPacket.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace SocketServerTcp
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 對客戶端 Socket 及其他相關信息做一個封裝
    /// </summary>
    public class ClientSocketPacket
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 客戶端 Socket
        /// </summary>
        public System.Net.Sockets.Socket Socket { get; set; }

        private byte[] _buffer;
        /// <summary>
        /// 為該客戶端 Socket 開辟的緩沖區
        /// </summary>
        public byte[] Buffer
        {
            get
            {
                if (_buffer == null)
                    _buffer = new byte[64];

                return _buffer;
            }
        }

        private List<byte> _receivedByte;
        /// <summary>
        /// 客戶端 Socket 發過來的信息的字節集合
        /// </summary>
        public List<byte> ReceivedByte
        {
            get
            {
                if (_receivedByte == null)
                    _receivedByte = new List<byte>();

                return _receivedByte;
            }
        }
    }
}

Main.cs

/*
 * Socket TCP 聊天室的服務端
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading;
using System.IO;

namespace SocketServerTcp
{
    public partial class Main : Form
    {
        SynchronizationContext _syncContext;

        System.Timers.Timer _timer;

        // 信息結束符,用於判斷是否完整地讀取了客戶端發過來的信息,要與客戶端的信息結束符相對應(本例只用於演示,實際項目中請用自定義協議)
        private string _endMarker = "^";

        // 服務端監聽的 socket
        private Socket _listener;

        // 實例化 ManualResetEvent,設置其初始狀態為無信號
        private ManualResetEvent _signal = new ManualResetEvent(false);

        // 客戶端 Socket 列表
        private List<ClientSocketPacket> _clientList = new List<ClientSocketPacket>();

        public Main()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            // UI 線程
            _syncContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;

            // 啟動后台線程去運行 Socket 服務
            Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(LaunchSocketServer));
            thread.IsBackground = true;
            thread.Start();
        }

        private void LaunchSocketServer()
        {
            // 每 10 秒運行一次計時器所指定的方法,群發信息
            _timer = new System.Timers.Timer();
            _timer.Interval = 10000d;
            _timer.Elapsed += new System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler(_timer_Elapsed);
            _timer.Start();

            // TCP 方式監聽 3366 端口
            _listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            _listener.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 3366));
            // 指定等待連接隊列中允許的最大數
            _listener.Listen(10);


            while (true)
            {
                // 設置為無信號
                _signal.Reset();

                // 開始接受客戶端傳入的連接
                _listener.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(OnClientConnect), null);

                // 阻塞當前線程,直至有信號為止
                _signal.WaitOne();
            }
        }

        private void _timer_Elapsed(object sender, System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 每 10 秒給所有連入的客戶端發送一次消息
            SendData(string.Format("webabcd 對所有人說:大家好! 【信息來自服務端 {0}】", DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss")));
        }

        private void OnClientConnect(IAsyncResult async)
        {
            ClientSocketPacket client = new ClientSocketPacket();
            // 完成接受客戶端傳入的連接的這個異步操作,並返回客戶端連入的 socket
            client.Socket = _listener.EndAccept(async);

            // 將客戶端連入的 Socket 放進客戶端 Socket 列表
            _clientList.Add(client);

            OutputMessage(((IPEndPoint)client.Socket.LocalEndPoint).Address + " 連入了服務器");
            SendData("一個新的客戶端已經成功連入服務器。。。 【信息來自服務端】");

            try
            {
                // 開始接收客戶端傳入的數據
                client.Socket.BeginReceive(client.Buffer, 0, client.Buffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(OnDataReceived), client);
            }
            catch (SocketException ex)
            {
                // 處理異常
                HandleException(client, ex);
            }

            // 設置為有信號
            _signal.Set();
        }

        private void OnDataReceived(IAsyncResult async)
        {
            ClientSocketPacket client = async.AsyncState as ClientSocketPacket;

            int count = 0;

            try
            {
                // 完成接收數據的這個異步操作,並返回接收的字節數
                if (client.Socket.Connected)
                    count = client.Socket.EndReceive(async);
            }
            catch (SocketException ex)
            {
                HandleException(client, ex);
            }

            // 把接收到的數據添加進收到的字節集合內
            // 本例采用 UTF8 編碼,中文占用 3 字節,英文等字符與 ASCII 相同
            foreach (byte b in client.Buffer.Take(count))
            {
                if (b == 0) continue; // 如果是空字節則不做處理('\0')

                client.ReceivedByte.Add(b);
            }

            // 把當前接收到的數據轉換為字符串。用於判斷是否包含自定義的結束符
            string receivedString = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(client.Buffer, 0, count);

            // 如果該 Socket 在網絡緩沖區中沒有排隊的數據 並且 接收到的數據中有自定義的結束符時
            if (client.Socket.Connected && client.Socket.Available == 0 && receivedString.Contains(_endMarker))
            {
                // 把收到的字節集合轉換成字符串(去掉自定義結束符)
                // 然后清除掉字節集合中的內容,以准備接收用戶發送的下一條信息
                string content = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(client.ReceivedByte.ToArray());
                content = content.Replace(_endMarker, "");
                client.ReceivedByte.Clear();

                // 發送數據到所有連入的客戶端,並在服務端做記錄
                SendData(content);
                OutputMessage(content);
            }

            try
            {
                // 繼續開始接收客戶端傳入的數據
                if (client.Socket.Connected)
                    client.Socket.BeginReceive(client.Buffer, 0, client.Buffer.Length, 0, new AsyncCallback(OnDataReceived), client);
            }
            catch (SocketException ex)
            {
                HandleException(client, ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 發送數據到所有連入的客戶端
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">需要發送的數據</param>
        private void SendData(string data)
        {
            byte[] byteData = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);

            foreach (ClientSocketPacket client in _clientList)
            {
                if (client.Socket.Connected)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // 如果某客戶端 Socket 是連接狀態,則向其發送數據
                        client.Socket.BeginSend(byteData, 0, byteData.Length, SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(OnDataSent), client);
                    }
                    catch (SocketException ex)
                    {
                        HandleException(client, ex);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // 某 Socket 斷開了連接的話則將其關閉,並將其清除出客戶端 Socket 列表
                    // 也就是說每次向所有客戶端發送消息的時候,都會從客戶端 Socket 集合中清除掉已經關閉了連接的 Socket
                    client.Socket.Close();
                    _clientList.Remove(client);
                }
            }
        }

        private void OnDataSent(IAsyncResult async)
        {
            ClientSocketPacket client = async.AsyncState as ClientSocketPacket;

            try
            {
                // 完成將信息發送到客戶端的這個異步操作
                int sentBytesCount = client.Socket.EndSend(async);
            }
            catch (SocketException ex)
            {
                HandleException(client, ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 處理 SocketException 異常
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="client">導致異常的 ClientSocketPacket</param>
        /// <param name="ex">SocketException</param>
        private void HandleException(ClientSocketPacket client, SocketException ex)
        {
            // 在服務端記錄異常信息,關閉導致異常的 Socket,並將其清除出客戶端 Socket 列表
            OutputMessage(client.Socket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + " - " + ex.Message);
            client.Socket.Close();
            _clientList.Remove(client);
        }

        // 在 UI 上輸出指定信息
        private void OutputMessage(string data)
        {
            _syncContext.Post((p) => { txtMsg.Text += p.ToString() + "\r\n"; }, data);
        }
    }
}


2、客戶端
TcpDemo.xaml

<phone:PhoneApplicationPage 
    x:Class="Demo.Communication.SocketClient.TcpDemo"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
    xmlns:phone="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:shell="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone"
    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
    FontFamily="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"
    FontSize="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal}"
    Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush}"
    SupportedOrientations="Portrait" Orientation="Portrait"
    mc:Ignorable="d" d:DesignHeight="768" d:DesignWidth="480"
    shell:SystemTray.IsVisible="True">

    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
        <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Left">

            <ScrollViewer x:Name="svChat" Height="400">
                <TextBlock x:Name="txtChat" TextWrapping="Wrap" />
            </ScrollViewer>
            
            <TextBox x:Name="txtName" />
            <TextBox x:Name="txtInput" KeyDown="txtInput_KeyDown" />
            <Button x:Name="btnSend" Content="發送" Click="btnSend_Click" />

        </StackPanel>
    </Grid>

</phone:PhoneApplicationPage>

TcpDemo.xaml.cs

/*
 * Socket TCP 聊天室的客戶端
 */

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using Microsoft.Phone.Controls;

using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

// 此命名空間下有 Socket 的擴展方法 GetCurrentNetworkInterface()
using Microsoft.Phone.Net.NetworkInformation; 

namespace Demo.Communication.SocketClient
{
    public partial class TcpDemo : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
        // 信息結束符,用於判斷是否完整地讀取了服務端發過來的信息,要與服務端的信息結束符相對應(本例只用於演示,實際項目中請用自定義協議)
        private string _endMarker = "^";

        // 客戶端 Socket
        private Socket _socket;

        // 用於發送數據到服務端的 Socket 異步操作對象
        private SocketAsyncEventArgs _socketAsyncSend;

        // 用於接收數據的 Socket 異步操作對象
        private SocketAsyncEventArgs _socketAsyncReceive;

        public TcpDemo()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.Loaded += new RoutedEventHandler(TcpDemo_Loaded);
        }

        void TcpDemo_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            // 初始化姓名和需要發送的默認文字
            txtName.Text = "匿名用戶" + new Random().Next(0, 9999).ToString().PadLeft(4, '0');
            txtInput.Text = "hi";

            // 實例化 Socket
            _socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

            // 設置 Socket 連接的首選網絡類型 NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.Cellular 或 NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.NonCellular
            _socket.SetNetworkPreference(NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.NonCellular);

            // 強制 Socket 連接的網絡類型 NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.Cellular 或 NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.NonCellular(不指定的話則均可)
            // 如果無法使用強制要求的網絡類型,則在 OnSocketConnectCompleted 會收到 SocketError.NetworkDown 
            _socket.SetNetworkRequirement(NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.NonCellular);


            // 實例化 SocketAsyncEventArgs ,用於對 Socket 做異步操作,很方便
            _socketAsyncReceive = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
            // 服務器的 EndPoint
            _socketAsyncReceive.RemoteEndPoint = new DnsEndPoint("192.168.8.217", 3366);
            // 異步操作完成后執行的事件
            _socketAsyncReceive.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnSocketConnectCompleted);

            // 異步連接服務端
            _socket.ConnectAsync(_socketAsyncReceive);
        }

        private void OnSocketConnectCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.SocketError != SocketError.Success)
            {
                OutputMessage("Socket 連接錯誤:" + e.SocketError.ToString());
                return;
            }

            // 設置數據緩沖區
            byte[] response = new byte[1024];
            e.SetBuffer(response, 0, response.Length);

            // 修改 SocketAsyncEventArgs 對象的異步操作完成后需要執行的事件
            e.Completed -= new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnSocketConnectCompleted);
            e.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnSocketReceiveCompleted);

            // 異步地從服務端 Socket 接收數據
            _socket.ReceiveAsync(e);

            // 構造一個 SocketAsyncEventArgs 對象,用於用戶向服務端發送消息
            _socketAsyncSend = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
            _socketAsyncSend.RemoteEndPoint = e.RemoteEndPoint;

            if (_socket.Connected)
            {
                OutputMessage("成功地連接上了服務器。。。");

                // Socket 有一個擴展方法 GetCurrentNetworkInterface(),需要引用命名空間 Microsoft.Phone.Net.NetworkInformation
                // GetCurrentNetworkInterface() 會返回當前 Socket 連接的 NetworkInterfaceInfo 對象(NetworkInterfaceInfo 的詳細說明參見:Device/Status/NetworkStatus.xaml.cs)
                NetworkInterfaceInfo nii = _socket.GetCurrentNetworkInterface();
                OutputMessage("網絡接口的類型:" + nii.InterfaceType.ToString());
            }
            else
            {
                OutputMessage("無法連接到服務器。。。請刷新后再試。。。");
            }
        }

        private void OnSocketReceiveCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                // 將接收到的數據轉換為字符串
                string data = UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, e.Offset, e.BytesTransferred);

                OutputMessage(data);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                OutputMessage(ex.ToString());
            }

            // 繼續異步地從服務端接收數據
            _socket.ReceiveAsync(e);
        }

        private void OutputMessage(string data)
        {
            // 在聊天文本框中輸出指定的信息,並將滾動條滾到底部
            this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(
                delegate
                {
                    txtChat.Text += data + "\r\n";
                    svChat.ScrollToVerticalOffset(txtChat.ActualHeight - svChat.Height);
                }
            );
        }

        private void SendData()
        {
            if (_socket.Connected)
            {
                // 設置需要發送的數據的緩沖區
                _socketAsyncSend.BufferList =
                    new List<ArraySegment<byte>>() 
                    { 
                        new ArraySegment<byte>(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtName.Text + "" + txtInput.Text + _endMarker)) 
                    };

                // 異步地向服務端發送消息
                _socket.SendAsync(_socketAsyncSend);
            }
            else
            {
                txtChat.Text += "無法連接到服務器。。。請刷新后再試。。。\r\n";
                _socket.Close();
            }

            txtInput.Focus();
            txtInput.Text = "";
        }

        private void btnSend_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            SendData();
        }

        private void txtInput_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Key == Key.Enter)
            {
                SendData();
                this.Focus();
            }
        }
    }
}



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