Array 是一種大小固定的順序容器。array 的申明:
template <class T, size_t N> class array;
Array內部只存儲所包含的數據,哪怕是大小也只不過是個模板參數。和普通使用‘[]’語法申明的數組相比,只不過顯得更加高效(操作高效),因為這個類添加了一系列的全局成員函數用來操作這些元素。下面來列一些主要的操作:
// ‘[]’ 操作 #include <iostream> #include <array> int main () { std::array<int,10> myarray; unsigned int i; // assign some values: for (i=0; i<10; i++) myarray[i] = i * 10; // print content std::cout << "myarray contains:"; for(int &i : myarray) std::cout << " " << i; std::cout << std::endl; return 0; }
運行結果:
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c array.exe
myarray contains: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
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myarray contains: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
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// data 成員函數:返回指向array第一個元素的指針 #include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include <array> int main () { const char* cstr = "Test string"; std::array<char,12> charray; memcpy (charray.data(),cstr,12); std::cout << charray.data() << std::endl; return 0; }
運行結果:
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c array.exe
Test string
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Test string
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// fill 函數,設置array內部的所有元素為指定值 #include <iostream> #include <array> int main () { std::array<int,6> myarray; myarray.fill(5); std::cout << "myarray contains:"; for ( int& x : myarray) { std::cout << " " << x; } std::cout << std::endl; return 0; }
運行結果:
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c array.exe
myarray contains: 5 5 5 5 5 5
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myarray contains: 5 5 5 5 5 5
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// swap 函數:交換兩個array的內容,注意兩個array必須是相同類型,相同大小 #include <iostream> #include <array> int main () { std::array<int,5> first = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; std::array<int,5> second = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55}; first.swap (second); std::cout << "first:"; for (int& x : first) std::cout << " " << x; std::cout << std::endl; std::cout << "second:"; for (int& x : second) std::cout << " " << x; std::cout << std::endl; return 0; }
運行結果:
C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /c array.exe
first: 11 22 33 44 55
second: 10 20 30 40 50
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first: 11 22 33 44 55
second: 10 20 30 40 50
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