先說說題外話，前段時間近一個月，我一直在做單據導入功能，其中就涉及到Excel操作，接觸Excel后發現他的api說明並不多，好在網上有很多朋友貼出了一些代碼，我在不斷的挫折中吸取了很多教訓，現共享出來，給大家參考。
1. 最好在客戶端使用，不要在B/S服務端使用，因為會受到IIS權限和占用內存影響，多人並發操作必然完蛋
2. 需要引入兩個DLL,Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll和office.dll,在加上項目的時候，會報錯“類型“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass” 未定義構造函數無法嵌入互操作類型“Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.ApplicationClass”。請改用適用的接口。”，這時只需要將將引用的DLL：Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;的嵌入互操作類型改為false,就可以了
3. 注意Excel中sheetindex, rowindex,columnindex都是從1開始的
4. 理清Excel里面的對象（Application、Workbook、Worksheet、Range），其中Range包含行和列還有單元格，很多方法都是弱類型object，需要拆箱和裝箱操作，循環讀取效率並不高，所以我在讀取大批量數據Excel時，采用的方式是將Excel調用另存為csv文件，再通過文本操作字符串的方式解析csv文件，讀取每一行，實踐證明，這樣的效率比較高。解析csv文件在附件可以供大家下載
5. 客戶端必須正確安裝office2003或office2007，如果是安裝的wps系列的，需卸載后再重新安裝office
這里我貼出我封裝Excel的操作類，希望能對大家有所幫助，歡迎大家指正：
/// <summary>
/// author by :ljun /// Excel工具類，目前僅支持一個工作薄的操作 /// </summary>
public class ExcelHelper : IDisposable { #region 構造函數
/// <summary>
/// 構造函數，將一個已有Excel工作簿作為模板，並指定輸出路徑 /// </summary>
/// <param name="templetFilePath">Excel模板文件路徑</param>
/// <param name="outputFilePath">輸出Excel文件路徑</param>
public ExcelHelper(string templetFilePath, string outputFilePath) { if (templetFilePath == null) throw new Exception("Excel模板文件路徑不能為空！"); if (outputFilePath == null) throw new Exception("輸出Excel文件路徑不能為空！"); if (!File.Exists(templetFilePath)) throw new Exception("指定路徑的Excel模板文件不存在！"); this.templetFile = templetFilePath; this.outputFile = outputFilePath; excelApp = new Excel.ApplicationClass(); excelApp.Visible = false; excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //是否需要顯示提示
excelApp.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false; //是否彈出提示覆蓋 //打開模板文件，得到WorkBook對象
workBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Open(templetFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); //得到WorkSheet對象
workSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1); } /// <summary>
/// 構造函數，新建一個工作簿 /// </summary>
public ExcelHelper() { excelApp = new Excel.ApplicationClass(); excelApp.Visible = false; //設置禁止彈出保存和覆蓋的詢問提示框
excelApp.DisplayAlerts = false; excelApp.AlertBeforeOverwriting = false; //新建一個WorkBook
workBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing); //得到WorkSheet對象
workSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)workBook.Sheets.get_Item(1); } #endregion
#region 私有變量
private string templetFile = null; private string outputFile = null; private object missing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; private Excel.Application excelApp; private Excel.Workbook workBook; private Excel.Worksheet workSheet; private Excel.Range range; private Excel.Range range1; private Excel.Range range2; #endregion
#region 公共屬性
/// <summary>
/// WorkSheet數量 /// </summary>
public int WorkSheetCount { get { return workBook.Sheets.Count; } } /// <summary>
/// Excel模板文件路徑 /// </summary>
public string TempletFilePath { set { this.templetFile = value; } } /// <summary>
/// 輸出Excel文件路徑 /// </summary>
public string OutputFilePath { set { this.outputFile = value; } } #endregion
#region 批量寫入Excel內容
/// <summary>
/// 將二維數組數據寫入Excel文件 /// </summary>
/// <param name="arr">二維數組</param>
/// <param name="top">行索引</param>
/// <param name="left">列索引</param>
public void ArrayToExcel(object[,] arr, int top, int left) { int rowCount = arr.GetLength(0); //二維數組行數（一維長度）
int colCount = arr.GetLength(1); //二維數據列數（二維長度）
range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Cells[top, left]; range = range.get_Resize(rowCount, colCount); range.FormulaArray = arr; } #endregion
#region 行操作
/// <summary>
/// 插行（在指定行上面插入指定數量行） /// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void InsertRows(int rowIndex, int count) { try { range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing]; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { range.Insert(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, missing); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } /// <summary>
/// 復制行（在指定行下面復制指定數量行） /// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void CopyRows(int rowIndex, int count) { try { range1 = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing]; for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) { range2 = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex + i, this.missing]; range1.Copy(range2); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } /// <summary>
/// 刪除行 /// </summary>
/// <param name="sheetIndex"></param>
/// <param name="rowIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void DeleteRows(int rowIndex, int count) { try { for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { range = (Excel.Range)workSheet.Rows[rowIndex, this.missing]; range.Delete(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } #endregion
#region 列操作
/// <summary>
/// 插列（在指定列右邊插入指定數量列） /// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void InsertColumns(int columnIndex, int count) { try { range = (Excel.Range)(workSheet.Columns[columnIndex, this.missing]); //注意：這里和VS的智能提示不一樣，第一個參數是columnindex
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { range.Insert(Excel.XlDirection.xlDown, missing); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } /// <summary>
/// 刪除列 /// </summary>
/// <param name="columnIndex"></param>
/// <param name="count"></param>
public void DeleteColumns(int columnIndex, int count) { try { for (int i = columnIndex + count-1; i >= columnIndex; i--) { ((Excel.Range)workSheet.Cells[1, i]).EntireColumn.Delete(0); } } catch (Exception e) { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw e; } } #endregion
#region 單元格操作
/// <summary>
/// 合並單元格，並賦值，對指定WorkSheet操作 /// </summary>
/// <param name="sheetIndex">WorkSheet索引</param>
/// <param name="beginRowIndex">開始行索引</param>
/// <param name="beginColumnIndex">開始列索引</param>
/// <param name="endRowIndex">結束行索引</param>
/// <param name="endColumnIndex">結束列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">合並后Range的值</param>
public void MergeCells(int beginRowIndex, int beginColumnIndex, int endRowIndex, int endColumnIndex, string text) { range = workSheet.get_Range(workSheet.Cells[beginRowIndex, beginColumnIndex], workSheet.Cells[endRowIndex, endColumnIndex]); range.ClearContents(); //先把Range內容清除，合並才不會出錯
range.MergeCells = true; range.Value2 = text; range.HorizontalAlignment = Excel.XlHAlign.xlHAlignCenter; range.VerticalAlignment = Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter; } /// <summary>
/// 向單元格寫入數據，對當前WorkSheet操作 /// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">要寫入的文本值</param>
public void SetCells(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string text) { try { workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] = text; } catch { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw new Exception("向單元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]寫數據出錯！"); } } /// <summary>
/// 向單元格寫入數據，對當前WorkSheet操作 /// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">要寫入的文本值</param>
public void SetCells(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string text, string comment) { try { workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] = text; SetCellComment(rowIndex, columnIndex, comment); } catch { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw new Exception("向單元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]寫數據出錯！"); } } /// <summary>
/// 向單元格寫入數據，對當前WorkSheet操作 /// </summary>
/// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param>
/// <param name="columnIndex">列索引</param>
/// <param name="text">要寫入的文本值</param>
public void SetCellComment(int rowIndex, int columnIndex, string comment) { try { Excel.Range range = workSheet.Cells[rowIndex, columnIndex] as Excel.Range; range.AddComment(comment); } catch { this.KillExcelProcess(false); throw new Exception("向單元格[" + rowIndex + "," + columnIndex + "]寫數據出錯！"); } } /// <summary>
/// 單元格背景色及填充方式 /// </summary>
/// <param name="startRow">起始行</param>
/// <param name="startColumn">起始列</param>
/// <param name="endRow">結束行</param>
/// <param name="endColumn">結束列</param>
/// <param name="color">顏色索引</param>
public void SetCellsBackColor(int startRow, int startColumn, int endRow, int endColumn, ColorIndex color) { Excel.Range range = excelApp.get_Range(excelApp.Cells[startRow, startColumn], excelApp.Cells[endRow, endColumn]); range.Interior.ColorIndex = color; } #endregion
#region 保存文件
/// <summary>
/// 另存文件 /// </summary>
public void SaveAsFile() { if (this.outputFile == null) throw new Exception("沒有指定輸出文件路徑！"); try { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { this.Quit(); } } /// <summary>
/// 將Excel文件另存為指定格式 /// </summary>
/// <param name="format">HTML，CSV，TEXT，EXCEL，XML</param>
public void SaveAsFile(SaveAsFileFormat format) { if (this.outputFile == null) throw new Exception("沒有指定輸出文件路徑！"); try { switch (format) { case SaveAsFileFormat.HTML: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlHtml, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } case SaveAsFileFormat.CSV: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlCSV, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } case SaveAsFileFormat.TEXT: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlUnicodeText, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } case SaveAsFileFormat.XML: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, Excel.XlFileFormat.xlXMLSpreadsheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); break; } default: { workBook.SaveAs(outputFile, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlExclusive, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing); break; } } } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { this.Quit(); } } #endregion
#region 殺進程釋放資源
/// <summary>
/// 結束Excel進程 /// </summary>
public void KillExcelProcess(bool bAll) { if (bAll) { KillAllExcelProcess(); } else { KillSpecialExcel(); } } [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)] static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out int lpdwProcessId); /// <summary>
/// 殺特殊進程的Excel /// </summary>
public void KillSpecialExcel() { try { if (excelApp != null) { int lpdwProcessId; GetWindowThreadProcessId((IntPtr)excelApp.Hwnd, out lpdwProcessId); if (lpdwProcessId > 0) //c-s方式
{ System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessById(lpdwProcessId).Kill(); } else { Quit(); } } } catch { } } /// <summary>
/// 釋放資源 /// </summary>
public void Quit() { if (workBook != null) workBook.Close(null, null, null); if (excelApp != null) { excelApp.Workbooks.Close(); excelApp.Quit(); } if (range != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range); range = null; } if (range1 != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range1); range1 = null; } if (range2 != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(range2); range2 = null; } if (workSheet != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workSheet); workSheet = null; } if (workBook != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook); workBook = null; } if (excelApp != null) { System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelApp); excelApp = null; } GC.Collect(); } /// <summary>
/// 接口方法 釋放資源 /// </summary>
public void Dispose() { Quit(); } #endregion
#region 靜態方法
/// <summary>
/// 殺Excel進程 /// </summary>
public static void KillAllExcelProcess() { Process[] myProcesses; myProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel"); //得不到Excel進程ID，暫時只能判斷進程啟動時間
foreach (Process myProcess in myProcesses) { myProcess.Kill(); } } /// <summary>
/// 打開相應的excel /// </summary>
/// <param name="filepath"></param>
public static void OpenExcel(string filepath) { Excel.Application xlsApp = new Excel.Application(); xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(filepath); xlsApp.Visible = true; } #endregion } /// <summary>
/// 常用顏色定義,對就Excel中顏色名 /// </summary>
public enum ColorIndex { 無色 = -4142, 自動 = -4105, 黑色 = 1, 褐色 = 53, 橄欖 = 52, 深綠 = 51, 深青 = 49, 深藍 = 11, 靛藍 = 55, 灰色80 = 56, 深紅 = 9, 橙色 = 46, 深黃 = 12, 綠色 = 10, 青色 = 14, 藍色 = 5, 藍灰 = 47, 灰色50 = 16, 紅色 = 3, 淺橙色 = 45, 酸橙色 = 43, 海綠 = 50, 水綠色 = 42, 淺藍 = 41, 紫羅蘭 = 13, 灰色40 = 48, 粉紅 = 7, 金色 = 44, 黃色 = 6, 鮮綠 = 4, 青綠 = 8, 天藍 = 33, 梅紅 = 54, 灰色25 = 15, 玫瑰紅 = 38, 茶色 = 40, 淺黃 = 36, 淺綠 = 35, 淺青綠 = 34, 淡藍 = 37, 淡紫 = 39, 白色 = 2 } /// <summary>
/// HTML，CSV，TEXT，EXCEL，XML /// </summary>
public enum SaveAsFileFormat { HTML, CSV, TEXT, EXCEL, XML }
同時分享調用方，我用的WinForm給大家寫得示例，以下是窗口截圖：
有興趣的朋友可以 下載附件