在.net中為我們提供了兩種啟動線程的方式,一種是不帶參數的啟動方式,另一種是帶參數的啟動的方式。
1:不帶參數的啟動方式,可以使用ThreadStart來實例化Thread,ThreadStart是在.Net Framework 中已經定義好的委托,ThreadStart定義為:
public delegate void ThreadStart();
使用方法如下面的代碼:
static void Main(string[] args) { Demo demo = new Demo(); Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(demo.Run)); t.Name = "NoParameterThread"; t.Start(); }
public class Demo { int interval = 1000; /// <summary> /// 不帶參數的啟動方法 /// </summary> public void Run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { DoSomething(); } } private void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("當前線程:{0},當前系統時間為:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(interval); } }
2:帶參數的啟動方法,就要使用ParameterizedThreadStart委托來實例化Thread了,和ThreadStart一樣的是它也是線程啟動時要執行的方法,和ThreadStart不同的是,它在實例化時可以用一個帶有一個Object參數的方法作為構造函數的參數,而實例化ThreadStart時所用到的方法是沒有參數的。ParameterizedThreadStart定義為:
public delegate void ParameterizedThreadStart(object obj);
使用方法如下面的代碼:
public class Demo { int interval = 1000; private void DoSomething() { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("當前線程:{0},當前系統時間為:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(interval); } /// <summary> /// 帶參數的啟動方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="param"></param> public void Run(object param) { if (param == null) return; int.TryParse(param.ToString(), out interval); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { DoSomething(); } } }
static void Main(string[] args) { Demo demo = new Demo(); Thread parameterThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(demo.Run)); parameterThread.Name = "ParameterThread"; parameterThread.Start(2000); }
3:在很多時候,我們遇到的情況是要傳遞多個參數,注意到ParameterizedThreadStart委托的參數類型是一個Object對象,為什么是Object這樣的參數呢?很簡單,因為在.net中Object是所有類型的基類。這樣我們可以聲明一個類,為這個類增加屬性,這些屬性也就是參數。
使用方法如下面的代碼:
static void Main(string[] args) { Demo demo = new Demo(); ThreadParamter p = new ThreadParamter(2000,100); Thread multiParameterThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(demo.CustomerParamterRun)); multiParameterThread.Name = "MultiParameterThread"; multiParameterThread.Start(p); }
public class Demo { /// <summary> /// 帶多個參數的啟動方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="param"></param> public void CustomerParamterRun(object param) { if (param == null) return; ThreadParamter p = param as ThreadParamter; if (p != null) { for (int i = 0; i < p.LoopCount; i++) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("當前線程:{0},當前系統時間為:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(p.Interval); } } } } public class ThreadParamter { public int Interval { get; set; } public int LoopCount { get; set; } public ThreadParamter() { } public ThreadParamter(int interval, int loopCount) { this.Interval = interval; this.LoopCount = loopCount; } }
4:在遇到業務非常復雜的時候,上面寫法還是有問題,封裝不夠好,我們可以使用裝飾模式,對上面的代碼進行改進。這樣業務發生改變的時候,我們只需要修改核心的實現部分,調用的方法可以不用做任何修改,而且調用方法的代碼非常簡潔。
修改后的代碼如下:
static void Main(string[] args) { DecoratorThread t = new DecoratorThread(new ThreadParamter(2000, 100)); t.Start(); }
public class ThreadParamter { public int Interval { get; set; } public int LoopCount { get; set; } public ThreadParamter() { } public ThreadParamter(int interval, int loopCount) { this.Interval = interval; this.LoopCount = loopCount; } } /// <summary> /// 使用裝飾模式來實現多個參數的 /// </summary> public class DecoratorThread { private ThreadParamter threadParamter; private Thread thread; public DecoratorThread(ThreadParamter threadParamter) { this.threadParamter = threadParamter; thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Run)); thread.Name = "DecoratorThread"; } public void Start() { if (thread != null) { thread.Start(); } } private void Run() { for (int i = 0; i < threadParamter.LoopCount; i++) { Console.WriteLine(string.Format("當前線程:{0},當前系統時間為:{1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); Thread.Sleep(threadParamter.Interval); } } }