轉：
http://www.baohe.com/album/view-26800-183286.html
調試了好多攝像頭，OV7660、OV7670、OV7225這3款是30萬的攝像頭
還有一個130萬的OV9650攝像頭
移植在ARM平台上的數據，都調試成功了，7寸模擬屏顯示,希望有用
調試的要點：
AGC:圖像自動增益控制，調節的東西有增益范圍、增益上限下限大小等等，具體的要看應用場合來調試效果
一般會把增益開大一些，對暗的環境會有明顯改善，看的清楚一些，不至於一片黑。還有上下限，要看效 果，一般開的范圍比較大的話，特別是CMOS的攝像頭，對暗環境增益開大時候會出現非常明顯的噪點。
AWB：自動白平衡，有時候一般都在攝像頭的夜間模式反映出來，一般夜間模式開啟時候，由於效果不同，輸 出的幀率也會不同。嚴重的話，會有切割現象，這是因為掉幀，場頻引起的，這個時候就要調節CLK以及不同的夜模式來保證一個最佳的效果。
需要手冊的請發郵件至:jk_new@163.com,因為上班，可能不能及時回復，請見諒！
const unsigned char Ov7660_YCbCr8bit[][2] = {
{0X12,0X80},
{0X11,0X80}, //
{0X92,0X00},
{0X93,0X00},
{0X9d,0X4c},
{0X9e,0X3f},
{0X3b,0X88},
{0X13,0Xf2},
{0X10,0X00},
{0X00,0X00},
{0X01,0X80},
{0X02,0X80},
{0X13,0Xf7},
{0X12,0X00},
{0X04,0X00},//NO HREF skip
/////640x480
{0X18,0X01},
{0X17,0X13},
{0X32,0X92},
{0X19,0X02}, //B10 1000 (8)
{0X1a,0X7a}, //B11110100 1111010000 (488)
{0X03,0Xf0}, //00
{0X0e,0X84},
{0X0f,0X62},
{0X15,0X10}, //
{0X16,0X02},
{0X1b,0X01},
{0X1e,0X39}, //b
{0X29,0X3c},// ;20 for internal regulator
{0X33,0X00},
{0X34,0X07},
{0X35,0X84},
{0X36,0X00},
{0X38,0X13},
{0X39,0X43},
{0X3a,0X00},//p
{0X3c,0X6c},
{0X3d,0X90},
{0X3f,0X29},
{0X40,0Xc1},//output full range enable Bit7Bit8 11: Output range: [00] to [FF]
{0X41,0X20},
{0X6b,0X0a},
{0Xa1,0Xc8},
{0X69,0X80},
{0X43,0Xf0},
{0X44,0X10},
{0X45,0X78},
{0X46,0Xa8},
{0X47,0X60},
{0X48,0X80},
{0X59,0Xba},
{0X5a,0X9a},
{0X5b,0X22},
{0X5c,0Xb9},
{0X5d,0X9b},
{0X5e,0X10},
{0X5f,0Xe0},
{0X60,0X85}, //;05 for advanced AWB
{0X61,0X60},
{0X9f,0X9d},
{0Xa0,0Xa0},
{0X4f,0X66},
{0X50,0X6b},
{0X51,0X05},
{0X52,0X19},
{0X53,0X40},
{0X54,0X59},
{0X55,0X40},
{0X56,0X40},
{0X57,0X40},
{0X58,0X0d},
{0X8b,0Xcc},
{0X8c,0Xcc},
{0X8d,0Xcf},
{0X6c,0X40},
{0X6d,0X30},
{0X6e,0X4b},
{0X6f,0X60},
{0X70,0X70},
{0X71,0X70},
{0X72,0X70},
{0X73,0X70},
{0X74,0X60},
{0X75,0X60},
{0X76,0X50},
{0X77,0X48},
{0X78,0X3a},
{0X79,0X2e},
{0X7a,0X28},
{0X7b,0X22},
{0X7c,0X04},
{0X7d,0X07},
{0X7e,0X10},
{0X7f,0X28},
{0X80,0X36},
{0X81,0X44},
{0X82,0X52},
{0X83,0X60},
{0X84,0X6c},
{0X85,0X78},
{0X86,0X8c},
{0X87,0X9e},
{0X88,0Xbb},
{0X89,0Xd2},
{0X8a,0Xe6},
{0X14,0X2e},
{0X24,0X78},
{0X25,0X5c}
}
/***************************jk 2008-01-17 color test7670*/
const unsigned char Ov7670_YCbCr8bit[][2] = {
{0x12,0x80},
{0x11,0x01},
{0x3a,0x04},
{0x12,0x00},
{0x17,0x13},
{0x18,0x01},
{0x32,0xb6},
{0x19,0x02},
{0x1a,0x7a},
{0x03,0x0a},
{0x0c,0x00},
{0x3e,0x00},
{0x70,0x3a},
{0x71,0x35},
{0x72,0x11},
{0x73,0xf0},
{0xa2,0x02},
{0x11,0x83},//this step is importance 設置clk
{0x7a,0x20},
{0x7b,0x11},
{0x7c,0x1b},
{0x7d,0x2a},
{0x7e,0x42},
{0x7f,0x4c},
{0x80,0x56},
{0x81,0x5f},
{0x82,0x68},
{0x83,0x70},
{0x84,0x78},
{0x85,0x87},
{0x86,0x95},
{0x87,0xb0},
{0x88,0xc8},
{0x89,0xdf},
{0x13,0xe0},
{0x00,0x00},
{0x10,0x00},
{0x0d,0x40},
{0x14,0x23},//0x61:open =128x,0x51=64x
{0xa5,0x05},
{0xab,0x07},
{0x24,0x77},//up AGC
{0x25,0x44},//low AGC
{0x26,0xe3},
{0x9f,0x70},//20080117
{0xa0,0x60},//20080117
{0xa1,0x0b},
{0xa6,0xd8},
{0xa7,0xd8},
{0xa8,0xf0},
{0xa9,0x90},
{0xaa,0x94},
{0x13,0xe5},
{0x0e,0x61},
{0x0f,0x4b},
{0x16,0x02},
{0x1e,0x10},//mirror
{0x21,0x02},
{0x22,0x91},
{0x33,0x0b},//03
{0x35,0x0b},
{0x37,0x1d},
{0x38,0x71},//
{0x39,0x2a},//
{0x3c,0x78},
{0x4d,0x40},
{0x4e,0x20},
{0x69,0x00},//55
{0x6b,0x4a},
{0x74,0x19},
{0x8d,0x4f},
{0x8e,0x00},
{0x8f,0x00},
{0x90,0x00},
{0x91,0x00},
{0x96,0x00},
{0x9a,0x80},
{0xb0,0x84},//8c
{0xb1,0x0c},
{0xb2,0x0e},
{0xb3,0x82},
{0xb8,0x0a},
{0x43,0x14},
{0x44,0xf0},
{0x45,0x34},
{0x46,0x58},
{0x47,0x28},
{0x48,0x3a},
{0x59,0x88},
{0x5a,0x88},
{0x5b,0x44},
{0x5c,0x67},
{0x5d,0x49},
{0x5e,0x0e},
{0x6c,0x0a},
{0x6d,0x55},
{0x6e,0x11},
{0x6f,0x9f},//9e for advance AWB
{0x6a,0x40},
{0x01,0x80},
{0x02,0x80},
{0x13,0xe7},//設置自動gain 白平衡等內容
{0X15,0X10}, //pht add 20071208 pclk 反相會出現閃爍的噪音點
{0x4f,0x80},
{0x50,0x80},//20080117
{0x51,0x00},//20080117
{0x52,0x22},//20080117
{0x53,0x5e},//20080117
{0x54,0x80},//20080117
{0x55,0x25},//addr brightness
//{0x56,0x40},//addr contrast
//{0x57,0x40},//addr
{0x58,0x1e},
{0x41,0x00},
{0x3f,0x00},
{0x75,0x05},
{0x76,0xe1},
{0x4c,0x00},
{0x77,0x01},
{0x3d,0xc2},
{0x4b,0x09},
{0xc9,0xff},
{0x41,0x38},
{0x34,0x11},
//{0x3b,0xfa},
{0x3b,0x9a},//調節夜間模式相關內容，是否掉幀也在次設置
//{0x3b,0xc8},//20080117
//{0x3e,0x00},
{0xa4,0x80},
{0x96,0x00},
{0x97,0x30},
{0x98,0x20},
{0x99,0x30},
{0x9a,0x84},
{0x9b,0x29},
{0x9c,0x03},
//
//{0x9d,0x99},//R gain for LED output frame
//{0x9e,0x7f},//B gain for LED output frame
//{0x9f,0x80},//B gain for LED output frame
{0x78,0x04},
//append lens correction setting,
{0x62,0x30},
{0x63,0x30},
{0x64,0x08},
{0x94,0x07},
{0x95,0x0b},
{0x65,0x00},
{0x66,0x05},
{0x79,0x01},
{0xc8,0xf0},
////20080117
{0x79,0x0f},
{0xc8,0x00},
{0x79,0x10},
{0xc8,0x7e},
{0x79,0x0a},
{0xc8,0x80},
{0x79,0x0b},
{0xc8,0x01},
{0x79,0x0c},
{0xc8,0x0f},
{0x79,0x0d},
{0xc8,0x20},
{0x79,0x09},
{0xc8,0x80},
{0x79,0x02},
{0xc8,0xc0},
{0x79,0x03},
{0xc8,0x40},
{0x79,0x05},
{0xc8,0x30},
{0x79,0x26},
//{0x3b,0xd8},
{0xf1,0x10},
{0x0f,0x1d},
{0x0f,0x4b},
{0xff,0xff}
}
/***************************jk 2008-01-17 color test7670*/
const unsigned char Ov7225_YCbCr8bit[][2] = {
/****20080117-15:50**7225****
0x12,0x80,
0x3d,0x03,
0x17,0x26,
0x18,0xa0,
0x19,0x07,
0x1a,0xf0,
0x32,0x00,
0x29,0xa0,
0x2c,0xf0,
0x65,0x20,
0x11,0x03,
0x0d,0x41,
0x41,0x00,
0x42,0x7f,
0x63,0xe0,
0x64,0xff,
0x13,0xf0,
0x22,0x7f,
0x23,0x03,
0x24,0x40,
0x25,0x30,
0x26,0xa1,
0x6b,0xaa,
0x13,0xf7,
0x90,0x05,
0x91,0x01,
0x92,0x03,
0x93,0x00,
0x94,0xb0,
0x95,0x9d,
0x96,0x13,
0x97,0x16,
0x98,0x7b,
0x99,0x91,
0x9a,0x1e,
0x9b,0x08,
0x9c,0x20,
0x9e,0x81,
0xa6,0x04,
0x7e,0x0e,
0x7f,0x22,
0x80,0x3f,
0x81,0x63,
0x82,0x6e,
0x83,0x77,
0x84,0x80,
0x85,0x88,
0x86,0x90,
0x87,0x97,
0x88,0xa4,
0x89,0xaf,
0x8a,0xc5,
0x8b,0xd7,
0x8c,0xe8,
0x8d,0x20,
0x15,0x10,*/
}
const unsigned char OV9650_YCbCr8bit[][2] =
{
}
Port_Init();
MMU_Init();
Calc_Clock(1);
UPDATE_REFRESH(Hclk);
Isr_Init();
Uart_TxEmpty(1);
Delay(0); //calibrate Delay();
Uart_Printf( "| S3C2440A Firmware-Test ver 0.03 Jan 2004. |\n");
Clk0_Enable(2); // 0:MPLLin, 1:UPLL, 2:FCLK, 3:HCLK, 4:PCLK, 5:DCLK0
Clk1_Enable(3); // 0:MPLLout, 1:UPLL, 2:RTC, 3:HCLK, 4:PCLK, 5:DCLK1
/*******Camera start********/
rCIGCTRL |= (1<<31); //camera I/F soft reset 內部模塊
Delay(10); //camera 還有一個硬件復位，外部的，在30位設置，如rCIGCTRL |=(1<<30);
rCIGCTRL &= ~(1<<31); //rCIGCTRL寄存器還可以設置場信號、行同步信號的極性等
rCLKCON |= (1<<19); // enable camclk 從CPU輸出一個HCLK給攝像頭，攝像頭開始工作起振
//攝像頭工作的時候需要外部一個時鍾進行觸發
/**********××××× CamPortSet××××××××××******/
save_GPJCON = rGPJCON;
save_GPJDAT = rGPJDAT;
save_GPJUP = rGPJUP;
rGPJCON = 0x2aaaaaa; //GPJ12= CAMRESET,J3 port
rGPJDAT = 0; //GPJ11=CAMCLKOUT J4 port
rGPJUP = 0;
/*******時鍾設置： rUPLLCON = (mdiv<<12) | (pdiv<<4) | sdiv;*******/
ChangeUPllValue(60, 4, 1); // UPLL clock = 96MHz, PLL input 16.9344MH
rCLKDIVN|=(1<<3); // UCLK 48MHz setting for UPLL 96MHz
//見p232的CAMDIVN 的Camera clock = UPLL/[(CAMCLK_DIV+1)X2]
//一般都根據象素來設置CAMCLK,如果是高象素如130萬(1280*1024，那么至少需要設置48Mhz,並且130萬象素的可能傳送顯示只能達到15幀XSGA格式，但是如果30萬象素，那么24Mhz可能就能達到30幀的效果)
rCAMDIVN = (rCAMDIVN & ~(0xf))|(1<<4)|(divn); // CAMCLK is divided..Set CameraClock=24M(divn =1)
/*******************/
////CamModuleReset(); 攝像頭外部模組的復位，或者也可以就外部硬件復位,工作之前都要復位的，很好理解,
rCIGCTRL |= (1<<30); //external camera reset high
Delay(30);
rCIGCTRL &= ~(1<<30); //external camera reset low
Delay; //一定要注意的是，這個延時，復位之后一定要加延時500mS就夠了
write_IIC(); //////////初始化camera 模塊,這個模塊就是IIC模塊，最基本的功能，非常簡單，就不再詳細說了
/*********后面開始就是preview抓捕並且LCD顯示攝像頭的程序部分****
三星的自定義程序有2個抓捕模式，一個是code,一個是pview, 選擇pview講解，通一個即可**/
//camera global variables
camTestMode=CAM_TEST_MODE_PVIEW; //選pview
camCodecCaptureCount=0;
camPviewCaptureCount=0; //計數
camPviewStatus=CAM_STOPPED; //狀態,初始的時候定義為停止狀態
camCodecStatus=CAM_STOPPED;
flagCaptured_P=0; //標志
CAM_PVIEW_OUTPUT==CAM_RGB16B; //camera輸出格式,我這里定義攝像頭為RGB565格式輸出，因此后面需要初始化為565格式的LCD顯示輸出
/****后面是LCD顯示初始化*****/
LCDinit();
/******* 包含了如下
Lcd_Port_Init(); //LCD口的設置
Lcd_Init(mode);
/***************************** Lcd_Init(mode)函數初始化步驟概解****************************************
LCD根據物理屏分辨率大小設置虛擬屏的緩存大小，例如，實際屏大小為x=320,y=240,那么虛擬大小一般開原來Size ×2，即Vx=x*2,Vy=y*2，然后在指定的位置開虛擬數組，三星里面用的是如下的幾句來定義的：
U32 (*frameBuffer16BitTft640480)[SCR_XSIZE_TFT_640480/2]; //定義一個指針數組名為*frameBuffer16BitTft640480
frameBuffer16BitTft640480=(U32 (*)[SCR_XSIZE_TFT_640480/2])LCDFRAMEBUFFER; //將frameBuffer16BitTft640480這個數組名賦予硬件地址，LCDFRAMEBUFFER,這個就是硬件設計時候的SRAM的一部分，一般分配為0x33800000~0x33bffffff，4MB的空間大小，為什么會這么定義，具體見三星手冊的LCD章節部分，有詳細描述，此處不再說明了。
然后就是設置rLCDCON1、rLCDCON2、rLCDCON3、rLCDCON4、rLCDCON5這些寄存器設置Vclk、Hclk、前肩、后肩、消隱還有其他信號波形脈寬。
rLCDSADDR1、rLCDSADDR2、rLCDSADDR3指的是Frame buffer start address register，這幾個寄存器的設置見三星手冊page402的幾個example.
rLCDINTMSK|=(3); // MASK LCD Sub Interrupt
rTCONSEL&=(~7); // Disable LPC3600
rTPAL=0; // Disable Temp Palette
然后看看void _PutTft16Bit_240320(U32 x,U32 y,U32 c)這個函數就是一個象素的打點了，顯示的位置x,y以及顏色c,0x0000ffff==黑色 后面的16位R5-G6-B5
{
if(x<SCR_XSIZE_TFT_240320 && y<SCR_YSIZE_TFT_240320)
frameBuffer16BitTft240320[(y)][(x)/2]=( frameBuffer16BitTft240320[(y)][x/2]
& ~(0xffff0000>>((x)%2)*16) ) | ( (c&0x0000ffff)<<((2-1-((x)%2))*16) );
}
***********************************************************************/
Glib_Init(mode); //初始化象素點控制
Select_Tcon();
Lcd_PowerEnable(0, 1);
Lcd_EnvidOnOff(1);
Glib_ClearScr(0, mode); // 清屏、寫入全黑點
******/
//其實這個函數包含了挺多的東西了，包括LCD顯示輸出選擇，相關LCD顯示部分，網上資料也有很多了，也是初始化CPU寄存器，寫入解碼芯片的寄存器，里面還有framebuffer 的開顯示緩存，來check a little registers
接着繼續為攝像頭定義不一樣的寄存器
rLCDCON5 |= 1; // halfword swap enable -> Camera data is halfword swap type, 16bit
/**********分配內存空間**********/
rLCDSADDR3 &= ~(0x7ff<<11); // offset size 0
/***************這個地址比較重要對於確定顯存大小 ,Page 401***************/
rLCDSADDR2=M5D( (LCDFRAMEBUFFER+(LCD_XSIZE_TFT_240320*LCD_YSIZE_TFT_240320*2))>>1 );
/************LCD屏幕上可以顯示出彩條
data = (U32 *)LCDFRAMEBUFFER;
for (i=0;i<240*160;i++) // 16bpp test
{
if (i<240*40) *data++ = 0x001f001f; // blue
else if ((i<240*80)&&(i>=240*40)) *data++ = 0x07e007e0; //green
else if ((i<240*120)&&(i>=240*80)) *data++ = 0xf800f800; //red
else if (i>=240*120) *data++ = 0xf800001f; // blue & red
}
*///
/**********顏色的測定RGB 32=16*2***********/
*data++ = 0xffffffff; //white
Uart_Printf("\n pixel is %d ,%x \n" ,i,*data-2);
i++;
*data++ = 0xf800f800; //red
Uart_Printf("\n pixel is %d ,%x \n" ,i,*data-1);
*data++ = 0x001f001f; //blue
*data++ = 0x07e007e0; //green
*data++ = 0xffe0ffe0; //yellow
/************Camera 初始化**********/
CamInit(640, 480, 480, 234, 0, 0, CAM_FRAMEBUFFER_C, CAM_FRAMEBUFFER_P);
/***************重點是上面這個函數：攝像頭的一些初始化工作***************/
/* Description of Parameters
CoDstWidth: Destination Width of Codec Path
CoDstHeight: Destination Height of Codec Path
PrDstWidth: Destination Width of Preview Path
PrDstHeight: Destination Height of Preview Path
WinHorOffset: Size of Window Offset for Horizontal Direction
WinVerOffset: Size of Window Offset for Vertical Direction
CoFrameBuffer: Start Address for Codec DMA
PrFrameBuffer: Start Address for Previe DMA
*/
void CamInit(U32 CoDstWidth, U32 CoDstHeight, U32 PrDstWidth, U32 PrDstHeight,
U32 WinHorOffset, U32 WinVerOffset, U32 CoFrameBuffer, U32 PrFrameBuffer)
/****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************/
/****************************************************************************/
rSUBSRCPND |= BIT_SUB_CAM_C|BIT_SUB_CAM_P;
ClearPending(BIT_CAM);
pISR_CAM = (U32)CamIsr;
CamPreviewIntUnmask();
CamCaptureStart(CAM_PVIEW_SCALER_CAPTURE_ENABLE_BIT);
Uart_Printf("Press Enter key to exit!\n");