C#嵌入x86匯編——一個GPIO接口的實現


開始進入工業自動化,買的工控機帶有GPIO接口,可用於直接控制繼電器。

從廠家拿到接口手冊一看,居然是匯編直接操作端口,基本上是IN/OUT指令了。接口很簡單,計算位移,讀取;計算位移,寫入。

這種接口,常見有四種辦法,分別是四種語言實現,一是直接寫ASM,不過要公開給C#做的應用程序調用,很不容易,另外三種是C/C++/Delphi嵌入匯編,倒是問題不大。

接口實在是小,不想大動干戈,所以想了別的辦法。

第五種,用C++/CLI,這也是一個不錯的主意。但是我甚至想省掉這個接口DLL,於是有了第六種辦法:C#嵌入x86匯編。

 

C#是沒辦法像C/C++/Delphi那樣直接嵌入x86匯編的,所以需要做點手腳。

在匯編里面,我們為了修改一個軟件經常找一塊空白區域來寫匯編代碼,然后Jmp過去執行。(不明白這一句話的可以跳過,或者去看雪論壇)

但是顯然要在C#代碼里面這么做很不現實,即使用C/C++編譯得到obj,C#也沒辦法鏈接這個obj。(這個涉及編譯的也可以跳過)

回頭一想(其實不是現在想,07年就做過C#嵌入匯編),其實C#也跑在x86上,IL指令最終還是要編譯成x86匯編指令的,我們應該可以這些寫匯編指令,所需要的只是一塊空間而已。

我們可以申請一塊非托管空間嘛,於是有:

// 分配內存
var ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(code.Length);

有了空間,我們就可以把二進制的匯編指令給寫進去啦:

// 寫入匯編指令
Marshal.Copy(code, 0, ptr, code.Length);

然后呢?.Net提供一個途徑,讓我們可以把一個內存指針轉為一個委托(一直都說.Net的委托其實就是C/C++的函數指針哈):

// 轉為委托
return (T)(Object)Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer(ptr, typeof(T));

 

那么,剩下的問題,就是如何把匯編轉為二進制了!

這個我們是不能像C/C++/Delphi那樣直接寫匯編指令的,所以得走點彎路。

我的做法是用OD隨便打開一個程序,在上面直接寫匯編代碼,然后把匯編的十六進制復制出來,放到C#代碼中。

剩下的就不多說了,直接上代碼吧!

 

GPIO接口實現
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
 
namespace ConsoleApplication19
{
    class GPIO
    {
        #region 屬性
        private Int32 _Offset;
        /// <summary>選擇位移</summary>
        public Int32 Offset { get { return _Offset; } set { _Offset = value; } }
 
        private Int32 _Bit;
        /// <summary>選擇位</summary>
        public Int32 Bit { get { return _Bit; } set { _Bit = value; } }
        #endregion
 
        #region 構造
        private GPIO(Int32 offset, Int32 bit)
        {
            Offset = offset;
            Bit = bit;
        }
 
        private GPIO(Int32 gpio)
        {
            Offset = gpio / 16;
            Bit = gpio % 16;
        }
        #endregion
 
        #region 預定義針腳
        public static GPIO Pin2 = new GPIO(0, 6);
        public static GPIO Pin3 = new GPIO(0, 7);
        public static GPIO Pin4 = new GPIO(2, 1);
        public static GPIO Pin5 = new GPIO(2, 4);
        public static GPIO Pin6 = new GPIO(1, 0);
        public static GPIO Pin7 = new GPIO(1, 4);
        public static GPIO Pin8 = new GPIO(3, 3);
        public static GPIO Pin9 = new GPIO(3, 4);
 
        public static GPIO IO6 = new GPIO(6);
        public static GPIO IO7 = new GPIO(7);
        public static GPIO IO17 = new GPIO(17);
        public static GPIO IO20 = new GPIO(20);
        public static GPIO IO8 = new GPIO(8);
        public static GPIO IO12 = new GPIO(12);
        public static GPIO IO27 = new GPIO(27);
        public static GPIO IO28 = new GPIO(28);
        #endregion
 
        #region 業務
        /// <summary>是否啟用</summary>
        public Boolean Enable { get { return Read(Offset, Bit); } set { WriteBit(Offset, Bit, value); } }
 
        /// <summary>是否輸出</summary>
        public Boolean Output { get { return Read(Offset + 4, Bit); } set { WriteBit(Offset + 4, Bit, value); } }
 
        /// <summary>是否設置數據位</summary>
        public Boolean Data { get { return Read(Offset + 12, Bit); } set { WriteBit(Offset + 12, Bit, value); } }
        #endregion
 
        #region 讀取端口
        const Int16 BASEADDRESS = 0x500;
 
        Boolean Read(Int32 offset, Int32 bit)
        {
            var d = ReadHandler((Int16)(BASEADDRESS + offset));
            var c = (Byte)~(1 << bit);
            d &= c;
            return d == c;
        }
 
        private static ReadFunc _ReadHandler;
        /// <summary>屬性說明</summary>
        public static ReadFunc ReadHandler { get { return _ReadHandler ?? (_ReadHandler = GetReadHandler()); } }
 
        //static IntPtr ptr;
        static ReadFunc GetReadHandler()
        {
            // 匯編指令
            var code = new Byte[] {
                0x66, 0x8B, 0x55, 0x08, //mov dx, word ptr [ebp+8]
                0xEC, //in al, dx
            };
 
            return (ReadFunc)InjectASM<ReadFunc>(code);
        }
 
        public delegate Byte ReadFunc(Int16 address);
        #endregion
 
        #region 寫入端口
        void Write(Int32 offset, Int32 value)
        {
            WriteHandler((Int16)(BASEADDRESS + offset), (Byte)value);
        }
 
        private static WriteFunc _WriteHandler;
        /// <summary>屬性說明</summary>
        public static WriteFunc WriteHandler { get { return _WriteHandler ?? (_WriteHandler = GetWriteHandler()); } }
 
        static WriteFunc GetWriteHandler()
        {
            // 匯編指令
            var code = new Byte[] {
                0x66, 0x8B, 0x55, 0x08, //mov dx, word ptr [ebp+8]
                0x8A, 0x45, 0x0C, //mov al, byte ptr [ebp+C]
                0xEE  //out dx, al
            };
 
            return InjectASM<WriteFunc>(code);
        }
 
        public delegate void WriteFunc(Int16 address, Byte bit);
        #endregion
 
        #region 寫入端口位
        void WriteBit(Int32 offset, Int32 bit, Boolean value)
        {
            if (value)
                SetBitHandler((Int16)(BASEADDRESS + offset), (Byte)bit);
            else
                ClearBitHandler((Int16)(BASEADDRESS + offset), (Byte)bit);
        }
 
        private static WriteBitFunc _SetBitHandler;
        /// <summary>設置位</summary>
        public static WriteBitFunc SetBitHandler { get { return _SetBitHandler ?? (_SetBitHandler = GetSetBitHandler()); } }
 
        private static WriteBitFunc _ClearBitHandler;
        /// <summary>清除位</summary>
        public static WriteBitFunc ClearBitHandler { get { return _ClearBitHandler ?? (_ClearBitHandler = GetClearBitHandler()); } }
 
        static WriteBitFunc GetSetBitHandler()
        {
            // 匯編指令
            var code = new Byte[] {
                0x53, //push ebx
                0x51, //push ecx
                0x66, 0x8B, 0x55, 0x08, //mov dx, word ptr [ebp+8]
                0x8A, 0x45, 0x0C, //mov al, byte ptr [ebp+C]
                0xB3, 0x01, //mov bl, 1
                0xD2, 0xE3, //shl bl, cl
                0xEC, //in al, dx
                0x08, 0xD8, //or al, bl
                0xEE, //out dx, al
                0x59, //pop ecx
                0x5B  //pop ebx
            };
 
            return InjectASM<WriteBitFunc>(code);
        }
 
        static WriteBitFunc GetClearBitHandler()
        {
            // 讀出字節,取消指定位后重新寫回去
            var code = new Byte[] {
                0x53, //push ebx
                0x51, //push ecx
                0x66, 0x8B, 0x55, 0x08, //mov dx, word ptr [ebp+8]
                0x8A, 0x45, 0x0C, //mov al, byte ptr [ebp+C]
                0xB3, 0x01, //mov bl, 1
                0xD2, 0xE3, //shl bl, cl
                0xF6, 0xD3, //not bl
                0xEC, //in al, dx
                0x20, 0xD8, //and al, bl
                0xEE, //out dx, al
                0x59, //pop ecx
                0x5B, //pop ebx
            };
 
            return InjectASM<WriteBitFunc>(code);
        }
 
        public delegate void WriteBitFunc(Int16 address, Byte bit);
        #endregion
 
        #region 注入匯編
        static T InjectASM<T>(Byte[] code)
        {
            // 匯編指令
            var code1 = new Byte[] {
                0x55, //push ebp
                0x8B, 0xEC, //mov ebp, esp
                0x52, //push edx
            };
            var code2 = new Byte[] {
                0x5A, //pop edx
                0x8B, 0xE5, //mov esp, ebp
                0x5D, //pop ebp
                0xC3  //ret
            };
 
            //var cbs = new Byte[code1.Length + code.Length + code2.Length];
            var ms = new MemoryStream();
            ms.Write(code1, 0, code1.Length);
            ms.Write(code, 0, code.Length);
            ms.Write(code2, 0, code2.Length);
            code = ms.ToArray();
 
            // 分配內存
            var ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(code.Length);
            // 寫入匯編指令
            Marshal.Copy(code, 0, ptr, code.Length);
            // 設為可執行
            VirtualProtectExecute(ptr, code.Length);
 
            Console.WriteLine("0x{0:X8}", ptr.ToInt32());
            Console.ReadKey(true);
             
            // 轉為委托
            return (T)(Object)Marshal.GetDelegateForFunctionPointer(ptr, typeof(T));
        }
        #endregion
 
        #region 輔助
        //[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        //static extern int VirtualQueryEx(int hProcess, ref object lpAddress, ref MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION lpBuffer, int dwLength);
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        static extern int VirtualProtectEx(IntPtr hProcess, IntPtr lpAddress, int dwSize, int flNewProtect, ref int lpflOldProtect);
        static Boolean VirtualProtectExecute(IntPtr address, Int32 size)
        {
            const Int32 PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE = 0x40;
            Int32 old = 0;
            return VirtualProtectEx(Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle, address, size, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, ref old) == 0;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

 

image

這里有個舊版本:http://bbs.53wb.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=137


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