Attribute作為一種標記在我們的.net中隨處可見,比如DatContract,DatMember,Serializable等等,各種用途的標記。是的我們的代碼更加簡潔,對於Attribute用好了,可以很好的簡化我們的開發,比如PostSharp的AOP實現就是一種基於Attribute的標記編譯時注入。在隨筆中有關於IOC,AOP利用Attribute標記簡化開發的實例。
在使用Attribute時候發現了些鮮為人知的特性:
1:利用GetCustomAttributes傳入的Attribute返回得到包括派生類。
2:GetCustomAttributes每次返回的對象都是經過發射出來的沒有緩存。
1:GetCustomAttributes傳入的Attribute返回得到包括派生類:
這里將采用一個測試類來驗證:

public class TestImplementsAttribute : Attribute
{
public string Name
{ get; set; }
}
private static void TestMutilpeImplements()
{
var type = typeof(Program);
var attrs = type.GetCustomAttributes( typeof(TestImplementsAttribute), false);
Console.WriteLine( string.Format( " TestImplementsAttribute:({0}) ",attrs.Length));
foreach ( var item in attrs)
{
Console.WriteLine( " " + item.GetType().FullName);
}
attrs = type.GetCustomAttributes( typeof(SerializableAttribute), false);
Console.WriteLine( string.Format( " SerializableAttribute:({0}) ", attrs.Length));
foreach ( var item in attrs)
{
Console.WriteLine( " " + item.GetType().FullName);
}
attrs = type.GetCustomAttributes( typeof(Attribute), false);
Console.WriteLine( string.Format( " (base type)Attribute:({0}) ", attrs.Length));
foreach ( var item in attrs)
{
Console.WriteLine( " " + item.GetType().FullName);
}
}
輸出為:
這里我們可以很清晰的看見當傳入Attribute類型時候返回包含了SerializableAttribute和TestImplementsAttribute兩個。
2:GetCustomAttributes每次返回的對象都是經過發射出來的沒有緩存:
測試代碼可以看出來,不是同一個地址引用:
{
var type = typeof(Program);
var attr1 = type.GetCustomAttributes( typeof(TestImplementsAttribute), false)[ 0];
var attr2 = type.GetCustomAttributes( typeof(TestImplementsAttribute), false)[ 0];
Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(attr1, attr2));
}
輸出值為false。
我們在看看
.下面是 reflector的反編譯結果(Attribute.GetCustomAttributes):

{
if (decoratedModule.Assembly.ReflectionOnly)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString( " Arg_ReflectionOnlyCA "));
}
MetadataImport metadataImport = decoratedModule.MetadataImport;
CustomAttributeRecord[] customAttributeRecords = CustomAttributeData.GetCustomAttributeRecords(decoratedModule, decoratedMetadataToken);
Type elementType = (((attributeFilterType == null) || attributeFilterType.IsValueType) || attributeFilterType.ContainsGenericParameters) ? typeof( object) : attributeFilterType;
if ((attributeFilterType == null) && (customAttributeRecords.Length == 0))
{
return (Array.CreateInstance(elementType, 0) as object[]);
}
object[] attributes = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, customAttributeRecords.Length) as object[];
int length = 0;
SecurityContextFrame frame = new SecurityContextFrame();
frame.Push(decoratedModule.Assembly.InternalAssembly);
Assembly lastAptcaOkAssembly = null;
for ( int i = 0; i < customAttributeRecords.Length; i++)
{
bool flag2;
bool flag3;
object obj2 = null;
CustomAttributeRecord caRecord = customAttributeRecords[i];
RuntimeMethodHandle ctor = new RuntimeMethodHandle();
RuntimeType attributeType = null;
int namedArgs = 0;
IntPtr signature = caRecord.blob.Signature;
IntPtr blobEnd = (IntPtr) ((( void*) signature) + caRecord.blob.Length);
if (FilterCustomAttributeRecord(caRecord, metadataImport, ref lastAptcaOkAssembly, decoratedModule, decoratedMetadataToken, attributeFilterType, mustBeInheritable, attributes, derivedAttributes, out attributeType, out ctor, out flag2, out flag3))
{
if (!ctor.IsNullHandle())
{
ctor.CheckLinktimeDemands(decoratedModule, decoratedMetadataToken);
}
RuntimeConstructorInfo.CheckCanCreateInstance(attributeType, flag3);
if (flag2)
{
obj2 = CreateCaObject(decoratedModule, ctor, ref signature, blobEnd, out namedArgs);
}
else
{
obj2 = attributeType.TypeHandle.CreateCaInstance(ctor);
if (Marshal.ReadInt16(signature) != 1)
{
throw new CustomAttributeFormatException();
}
signature = (IntPtr) ((( void*) signature) + 2);
namedArgs = Marshal.ReadInt16(signature);
signature = (IntPtr) ((( void*) signature) + 2);
}
for ( int j = 0; j < namedArgs; j++)
{
string str;
bool flag4;
Type type3;
object obj3;
IntPtr ptr1 = caRecord.blob.Signature;
GetPropertyOrFieldData(decoratedModule, ref signature, blobEnd, out str, out flag4, out type3, out obj3);
try
{
if (flag4)
{
if ((type3 == null) && (obj3 != null))
{
type3 = (obj3.GetType() == typeof(RuntimeType)) ? typeof(Type) : obj3.GetType();
}
RuntimePropertyInfo property = null;
if (type3 == null)
{
property = attributeType.GetProperty(str) as RuntimePropertyInfo;
}
else
{
property = attributeType.GetProperty(str, type3, Type.EmptyTypes) as RuntimePropertyInfo;
}
RuntimeMethodInfo setMethod = property.GetSetMethod( true) as RuntimeMethodInfo;
if (setMethod.IsPublic)
{
setMethod.MethodHandle.CheckLinktimeDemands(decoratedModule, decoratedMetadataToken);
setMethod.Invoke(obj2, BindingFlags.Default, null, new object[] { obj3 }, null, true);
}
}
else
{
(attributeType.GetField(str) as RtFieldInfo).InternalSetValue(obj2, obj3, BindingFlags.Default, Type.DefaultBinder, null, false);
}
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
throw new CustomAttributeFormatException( string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture, Environment.GetResourceString(flag4 ? " RFLCT.InvalidPropFail " : " RFLCT.InvalidFieldFail "), new object[] { str }), exception);
}
}
if (!signature.Equals(blobEnd))
{
throw new CustomAttributeFormatException();
}
attributes[length++] = obj2;
}
}
frame.Pop();
if ((length == customAttributeRecords.Length) && (pcaCount == 0))
{
return attributes;
}
if (length == 0)
{
Array.CreateInstance(elementType, 0);
}
object[] destinationArray = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, ( int) (length + pcaCount)) as object[];
Array.Copy(attributes, 0, destinationArray, 0, length);
return destinationArray;
}
在這里我們可以見數組的創建CreateInstance等等。
同時可以參見老趙前輩以前的關於Attribute反射的一次失敗的嘗試(上):原來GetCustomAttributes方法每次都返回新的實例和一次失敗的嘗試(下):無法使用泛型的Attribute。
不知道為什么在Attribute參數的檢查是在我們的編譯時期,參數必須是常量表達式,卻在這里需要每次反射。
本篇隨筆只是個人使用心得記錄,請勿拍磚。