表連接的方式如join,semi-join,outer-join,anti-join;
表連接的實現方式如nested loop,merge,hash.
本文簡單的介紹表連接的方式join,semi-join,outer-join,anti-join和適用情景。
假設2個數據源(row source).
Emp(id pk,ename,deptno) Dept(deptno pk,dname)
如下是join
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dname.deptno;
2個數據源鍵值一一比較,返回相互匹配的記錄集
for example: nested loop join
for x in ( select * from emp )
loop
for y in ( select * from dept)
loop
if ( x.deptno == y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.ename,y.dname)
End if
end loop
end loop
outer-join
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno= dept.deptno(+);
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno;
2個數據源鍵值一一比較,返回相互匹配的;但如果在另外一個row source沒有找到匹配的也返回記錄
for example: nested loop outer-join
for x in ( select * from emp )
loop
find_flag=false;
for y in ( select * from dept)
loop
if ( x.deptno == y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.ename,y.dname)
Find_flag=true
End if
end loop
if ( find_flag == false )
OutPut_Record(x.ename,null)
End if
end loop
semi-join
select dname from dept where exists( select null from emp where emp.deptno=dept.deptno)
多在子查詢exists中使用,對外部row source的每個鍵值,查找到內部row source匹配的第一個鍵值后就返回,如果找到就不用再查找內部row source其他的鍵值了。
for example: nested loop semi-join
for x in ( select * from dept )
loop
for y in ( select * from emp)
loop
if ( x.deptno == y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.dname)
Break;
End if
end loop
end loop
anti-join
select ename,deptno from emp,dept where emp.deptno!=dept.deptno
多用於!= not in 等查詢;如果找到滿足條件(!= not in)的不返回,不滿足條件(!= not in)的返回。和join相反。
for example: nested loop anti-join
for x in ( select * from emp )
loop
for y in ( select * from dept)
loop
if ( x.deptno != y.deptno )
OutPut_Record(x.dname,y.deptno)
End if
end loop
end loop