1、MySQL安裝
A）MySQL安裝： sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
B）啟動/停止MySQL服務：
MySQL 在安裝以后，MySQL 就已經啟動；如果需要手動啟動或停止則如下操作：
手動啟動服務： sudo start mysql
手動停止服務： sudo stop mysql
當修改mysql相關配置的時候，需要手動重啟MySQL服務，就需要如上操作。
查看mysql進程是否已經啟動：
ps -aux | grep mysql
#ps -aux 顯示當前所有進程(包括 mysql , 和 name 用戶 )， grep mysql 用來查找 mysql 進程 ；具體使用可以查看 ps, grep 用法
#man ps ; man grep
或者使用：
sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql
兩種命令的結果：
name@ThinkPad:~$ ps -aux | grep mysql Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html mysql 25994 0.0 0.9 137800 18400 ? Ssl 10:18 0:10 /usr/sbin/mysqld name 26543 0.0 0.1 8544 2320 pts/2 S+ 11:06 0:00 mysql -u root -p name 27068 0.0 0.1 8388 2064 pts/1 S+ 18:21 0:00 mysql -u root -p name 27917 0.0 0.0 5412 788 pts/3 S+ 21:45 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql name@ThinkPad:~$ sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql tcp 0 0 localhost:mysql *:* LISTEN 25994/mysqld
C）MySQL 配置文件結構：
MySQL 配置文件為 my.cnf , 位置在 /etc/my.cnf 以及 /etc/mysql/my.cnf
# # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram # This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed. [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # # # * IMPORTANT # If you make changes to these settings and your system uses apparmor, you may # also need to also adjust /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld. # user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # # * Fine Tuning # key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #max_connections = 100 #table_cache = 64 #thread_concurrency = 10 # # * Query Cache Configuration # query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_size = 16M # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. # As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime! #general_log_file = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log #general_log = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # Here you can see queries with especially long duration #log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log #long_query_time = 2 #log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M #binlog_do_db = include_database_name #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
在啟動MySQL的時候會通過讀取配置文件my.cnf ，並根據這個文件的路徑： /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock 啟動MySQL
datadir = /var/lib/mysql #這句是數據庫所在位置，比如如果創建一個數據庫mysql_first，則數據庫文件放置在該目錄下。
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # mysql錯誤文件，如果在執行mysql出錯了，可以查看該文件。
D）進入MySQL
進入MySQL一般需要密碼， 除非使用 safe_mysql
如果不提供密碼則會出現如下錯誤提示：
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'name'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
這是因為在安裝MySQL輸入了密碼，需要提供密碼；
具體：
name@ThinkPad:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 40 Server version: 5.1.58-1ubuntu1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 license Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
sudo mysql -u root -p # 這里的幾個參數: u 表示 user ,后面是參數； p 表示 password ,會在后面有 Enter password: 提示
也可以直接提供用戶和密碼(使用 -- )
sudo mysql --user=root --password=123456
C）退出MySQL
主要有三種方式：
mysql> exit
Bye
mysql> quit
Bye
mysql> #直接按Ctrl + D
2、卸載MySQL
A）卸載MySQL軟件
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-5.1 sudo apt-get remove mysql-server sudo apt-get autoremove mysql-server sudo apt-get remove mysql-common
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge mysql-server-5.1 # 中 mysql-server-5.1是系統安裝的 mysql-server版本
B）清理其他數據
dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk '{print $2}' |sudo xargs dpkg -P
注： 具體MySQL相關操作的學習在后續文章中出現。