Linux + Apache + MySQL 環境下OSQA部署

OSQA是開源的問答網站，采用Python的Django框架開發。按照官方的安裝指南，在安裝過程中出現了一些問題，現將試驗成功的方法總結下。

官方的安裝指南: http://wiki.osqa.net/display/docs/Ubuntu+with+Apache+and+MySQL?focusedCommentId=3539023#comment-3539023

 

安裝環境：linuxmint11, python2.7, django1.3, apache2.2。

本文中，linux的用戶名為neil，在安裝過程中一些路徑請注意替換為真實路徑。

 

1.  下載OSQA

1)  svn下載

sudo apt-get install subversion #下載subversion

svn co http://svn.osqa.net/svnroot/osqa/trunk/ /home/neil/osqa-server #下載osqa到指定文件夾

2)  主頁下載

 http://www.osqa.net/download/

2.  安裝Apache

sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-wsgi

3.   更新OSQA WSGI腳本

在/home/neil/osqa-server目錄下新建一個文件osqa.wsgi，並輸入如下內容

import os
import sys
sys.path.append('/home/neil')
sys.path.append('/home/neil/osqa-server')
# The first part of this module name should be identical to the directory name
# of the OSQA source.  For instance, if the full path to OSQA is
# /home/osqa/osqa-server, then the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE should have a value
# of 'osqa-server.settings'.
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'osqa-server.settings'
import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

4.  移除默認的Apache配置（可選）

官網說這個服務器只用於osqa，因此可以移除Apache的默認配置。

sudo rm /etc/apache2/sites-available/default\
    /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl\
    /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

5.  為Apache添加OSQA的配置

新建並打開一個osqa配置文件

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/osqa #官網是用vim打開的，由於我的機器上沒有vim，我用的是gedit

填入如下配置信息

# Must be readable and writable by apache
WSGISocketPrefix ${APACHE_RUN_DIR}

#NOTE: all urs below will need to be adjusted if
#settings.FORUM_SCRIPT_ALIAS !='' (e.g. = 'forum/')
#this allows "rooting" forum at [http://example.com/forum], if you like
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [e-mail]
    #osqa網站文件所在的目錄
    DocumentRoot /home/neil/osqa-server
    #自定義
    ServerName osqa.localhost  

    #run mod_wsgi process for django in daemon mode
    #this allows avoiding confused timezone settings when
    #another application runs in the same virtual host
    WSGIDaemonProcess OSQA
    WSGIProcessGroup OSQA

    #force all content to be served as static files
    #otherwise django will be crunching images through itself wasting time
    Alias /m/ "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/skins/"
        <Directory "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/skins">
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>
    Alias /upfiles/ "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/upfiles/"
    <Directory "/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/upfiles">
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    #this is your wsgi script described in the prev section
    WSGIScriptAlias / /home/osqa/osqa-server/osqa.wsgi

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/osqa.access.log common
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/osqa.error.log
</VirtualHost>

將配置文件鏈接到已啟用站點的目錄，也就是啟用該站點

sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/osqa /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/osqa

6.  安裝MySQL

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

安裝過程中要求配置mysql的root用戶名和密碼。

 

添加為MySQL添加osqa用戶，輸入如下命令進入mysql命令行操作模式

sudo mysql -u root -p

創建用戶

CREATE USER 'osqa'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_osqa_password';

創建數據庫

CREATE DATABASE osqa DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
GRANT ALL ON osqa.* to 'osqa'@'localhost';

7.  安裝Python

linux默認是安裝了python的，如果沒有安裝可以輸入如下命令

sudo apt-get install python

安裝python setup tools，安裝了這個就可以很方便的安裝一些python的庫了。

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

安裝依賴的庫

sudo apt-get install python-mysqldb
sudo easy_install South django django-debug-toolbar markdown \
    html5lib python-openid

8.  配置OSQA的settings文件

進入/home/neil/osqa-server目錄，拷貝settings_local.py.dist並重命名為settings_local.py

cp settings_local.py.dist settings_local.py

打開settings_local.py文件，並修改以下幾項

DATABASE_NAME = 'osqa'
DATABASE_USER = 'osqa'
DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'your_osqa_password'
DATABASE_ENGINE = 'mysql'

同樣在settings_local.py文件中，修改以下這項，來更新域名。

APP_URL = 'http://osqa.localhost/'

9.  為OSQA數據庫建表

輸入如下命令，會自動建立必須的表

sudo python manage.py syncdb --all

進行這步操作時，出現錯誤cannot import name mark_safe，解決方法，打開文件/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/utils/html.py，找到第6行，做如下修改。

#from django.template import mark_safe        #原始代碼
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe #修改后

 

在稍后部署后訪問頁面出現http 500錯誤，查看錯誤日志/var/log/apache2/osqa.error.log，發現該錯誤url(r'^%s(.*)' % _('nimda/'), admin.site.root)，據stackoverflow上的說法，打開/home/neil/osqa-server/forum/urls.py文件，找到第23行，這是django1.0版本的代碼，在django1.3版本下不工作。替換成如下代碼。

#url(r'^%s(.*)' % _('nimda/'), admin.site.root),         #原始代碼
url(r'^%s(.*)' % _('nimda/'), include(admin.site.urls)), #修改后

 

在建完表后，系統會要求建立一個超級管理員帳號，OSQA官網推薦說此時不建立該帳號，等網站架設起來后，通過正常方法建立的第1個用戶默認就是超級管理員。

 

接下來還有一步，不是很了解，原文如下。

With that command you have successfully defined the schema. With South installed, you also have the ability to migrate between databases--a useful feature as OSQA is updated. However, as this is a fresh install, you will need to convince South that the schema is already up to date by "faking" a migration. You can do that with the following command:

sudo python manage.py migrate forum --fake

10.  保證Apache被允許訪問OSQA文件

這條命令表示osqa-server文件夾下的所有文件被neil用戶和Apache group (www-data)擁有

sudo chown -R neil:www-data /home/neil/osqa-server

允許Apache訪問upfiles和log目錄

sudo chmod -R g+w /home/osqa/osqa-server/forum/upfiles
sudo chmod -R g+w /home/osqa/osqa-server/log

11.  啟動網站

如果是在本地部署，可以往hosts里添加一條指向本地的域名

sudo gedit /etc/hosts #打開hosts

加上以下這條內容，當在瀏覽器中輸入osqa.localhost時就會跳轉到本地部署的osqa

127.0.0.1 osqa.localhost 

重新啟動Apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

一切部署完畢，打開osqa.localhost，就可以看到頁面了。