背景：
最近有个客户希望oracle能够访问sqlserver的数据，上网查了一下，可以透明网关加dblink来实现，来测试一下
一.环境介绍：
测试环境为vmware workstation 12 里面的两台虚拟机，网卡模式都是”自定义NAT模式“，两边网络是通的。
oracle端：
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
数据库：oracle 11.2.0.4 单实例
IP地址：192.168.59.180
sqlserver端：
操作系统：windows server 2012 Datacenter
数据库：sqlserver 2012
IP地址：192.168.59.121
二.所需软件
透明网关（Transparent Gateway）
11g安装包如下：
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_5of7.zip
网盘链接分享如下：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1b7lBHmRDZDH0-tcKIMUitg
提取码：1234
如果过期了请联系。
三.步骤概览
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在oracle服务端安装gateway
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在oracle服务端配置gateway的配置文件
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在oracle服务端配置listener.ora文件
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在oracle服务端配置tnsnams.ora文件
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在sqlserver端获取到登录的用户密码
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在oracle服务端创建dblink
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开始使用
四.安装软件
1.执行安装
[root@11g u01]# chown oracle:oinstall p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_5of7.zip [root@11g u01]# su - oracle [oracle@11g ~]$ cd /u01 [oracle@11g u01]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_5of7.zip 然后会出现如下文件夹 gateways [oracle@11g u01]$ cd gateways/ [oracle@11g gateways]$ ll total 56 drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 26 2013 install drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 26 2013 legacy -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 30016 Aug 27 2013 readme.html drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 26 2013 response -rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 3267 Aug 26 2013 runInstaller drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 26 2013 stage -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 500 Aug 27 2013 welcome.html [oracle@11g gateways]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.59.1:0.0 [oracle@11g gateways]$ ./runInstaller
这里我是用oracle用户执行安装的，所以路径直接就是读取的环境变量里面的ORACLE_HOME.
这里需要注意就是把sql server选项勾选
可以看到，需要sqlserver数据库的host name，port number，instancename，database name四个参数。
可以看到，需要sqlserver数据库的host name，port number，instancename，database name四个参数。
Host name：sqlserver所在主机的主机名，写ip地址
Port number：打开sql servermanager studio，然后打开一个数据库查询，用如下命令获取：
execsys.sp_readerrorlog 0, 1, 'listening'
如：
端口为1433
instance name：
操作系统看服务，例如：MSSQLSERVER
database name：
sql servermanager studio里面数据库，填写你想被oracle查询的数据库。
用root用户执行上述脚本 [root@11g ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2/root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite. Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions. [root@11g ~]#
Exit
安装完成
2.安装后修改配置文件
安装完成之后在ORACLE_HOME会生成一个文件夹dg4msql
[oracle@11g ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME [oracle@11g dbhome_2]$ ll dg4msql/ total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 15 16:30 admin drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 15 16:30 demo drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 15 16:30 driver drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 15 16:30 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Dec 15 16:30 log [oracle@11g dbhome_2]$ [oracle@11g dbhome_2]$ cd dg4msql/ [oracle@11g dg4msql]$ cd admin/ [oracle@11g admin]$ ll total 28 -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 10976 Nov 30 2011 dg4msql_cvw.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 746 Jun 8 2007 dg4msql_tx.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 368 Dec 15 16:30 initdg4msql.ora -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 411 Dec 15 16:30 listener.ora.sample -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 244 Dec 15 16:30 tnsnames.ora.sample [oracle@11g admin]$ cat initdg4msql.ora # This is a customized agent init file that contains the HS parameters # that are needed for the Database Gateway for Microsoft SQL Server # # HS init parameters # HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=[192.168.59.121]:1433//db_test1 # alternate connect format is hostname/serverinstance/databasename HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER [oracle@11g admin]$
可以看到，之前我们在图形化安装的时候输入的信息在这里体现。
但是不知道为什么，instance_name没有体现出来，我们修改为如下：
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=192.168.59.121:1433/MSSQLSERVER/db_test1 [oracle@11g admin]$ cat initdg4msql.ora # This is a customized agent init file that contains the HS parameters # that are needed for the Database Gateway for Microsoft SQL Server # # HS init parameters # #HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=[192.168.59.121]:1433//db_test1 # alternate connect format is hostname/serverinstance/databasename HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=192.168.59.121:1433/MSSQLSERVER/db_test1 HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER [oracle@11g admin]$
3.修改lintener.ora文件
[oracle@11g admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2021 16:46:04 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=11g)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 15-DEC-2021 16:45:35 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 28 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=11g)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Services Summary... Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@11g admin]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/listener.ora 添加如下内容： SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=dg4msql) (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2) (PROGRAM=dg4msql) ) ) 4.修改tnsnames.ora文件 vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/tnsnames.ora --添加如下内容： dg4msql = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SID=dg4msql)) (HS=OK) ) --然后重启监听 [oracle@11g admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 15-DEC-2021 16:53:12 Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=11g)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 15-DEC-2021 16:52:58 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 14 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/11g/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=11g)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Services Summary... Service "dg4msql" has 1 instance(s). Instance "dg4msql", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@11g admin]$
5.创建dblink
--sqlserver获取登录账号和密码，我忘记密码了，所以直接重置了 sql server manager studio -- 登录名 -- sa--属性--重置密码 --oracle数据库创建dblink create PUBLIC database link sqlserver1 connect to "sa" identified by "scott1!" using 'dg4msql'; SQL> create PUBLIC database link sqlserver1 connect to "sa" identified by "scott1!" using 'dg4msql'; Database link created. SQL>
访问数据：
Sqlserver本地访问：
在oracle访问：
SQL> SELECT * FROM test1@ sqlserver1; SELECT * FROM test1@ sqlserver1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-28510: heterogeneous database link initialization failed ORA-28508: invalid value 192.168.59.121:1433/MSSQLSERVER/db_test1 for Heterogeneous Services initialization parameter HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO ORA-02063: preceding 2 lines from SQLSERVER1
可能是因为我修改了initdg4msql.ora这个文件导致的，我们注释掉我们的修改如下：
[oracle@11g admin]$ cat initdg4msql.ora # This is a customized agent init file that contains the HS parameters # that are needed for the Database Gateway for Microsoft SQL Server # # HS init parameters # HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=[192.168.59.121]:1433//db_test1 # alternate connect format is hostname/serverinstance/databasename #HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=192.168.59.121:1433/MSSQLSERVER/db_test1 HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER [oracle@11g admin]$
再次执行查询
SQL> SELECT * FROM test1@sqlserver1; id name ---------- -------------------- 1 sqlserver 2 oracle SQL>
五.如何配置多个sqlserver数据库 ？
按照上面的步骤，我们可以访问db_test1的数据了，但是我们sqlserver这边有很多数据库，所以还需要配置访问多个sqlserver数据库。
1.配置多个initdg4msql.ora
[oracle@11g admin]$ cp initdg4msql.ora initdg4msql0.ora [oracle@11g admin]$ cat initdg4msql0.ora # This is a customized agent init file that contains the HS parameters # that are needed for the Database Gateway for Microsoft SQL Server # # HS init parameters # HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=[192.168.59.121]:1433//db_test2 # alternate connect format is hostname/serverinstance/databasename #HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=192.168.59.121:1433/MSSQLSERVER/db_test1 HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER
2.在listener.ora里面配置多个
[oracle@11g admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 11g)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER= (SID_LIST= (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=dg4msql) (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2) (PROGRAM=dg4msql) ) (SID_DESC= (SID_NAME=dg4msql0) (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/dbhome_2) (PROGRAM=dg4msql) ) )
3.在tnsnames.ora里面配置多个
[oracle@11g admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora LISTENER_ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.180)(PORT = 1521)) ) orcl = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.180)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) orcl_dg = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.181)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl_dg) ) ) dg4msql = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SID=dg4msql)) (HS=OK) ) dg4msql0 = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)) (CONNECT_DATA=(SID=dg4msql0)) (HS=OK) ) [oracle@11g admin]$
4.创建dblink进行查询
--重启监听 lsnrctl stop lsnrctl start 创建dblink sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> create PUBLIC database link sqlserver0 connect to "sa" identified by "scott1!" using 'dg4msql0'; Database link created. SQL> SELECT * FROM test2@sqlserver0; id name ---------- -------------------- 1 liang 2 xue 3 bai SQL>