Windows wsl2 lnmp环境搭建Nextcloud笔记

本文转载自查看原文 2022-02-07 18:49 1037

一、lnmp环境搭建

系统选用wsl2 ubuntu(wsl1 php7.4加载慢搭载完成后首页加载不出来可能是linxu内核与兼容性问题)

微软商店下载，不带版本号版本，终端查看版本：Ubuntu20.04.3 LTS (Focal Fossa)，

1.配置ssh

SSH配置过程:

（1）修改root密码

passwd

（2）删除原ssh

apt remove openssh-server -y

（3）重新安装ssh服务

apt install openssh-server ssh -y

（4）编辑sshd_config文件

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#sshd_config需修改内容

#以下几行需要删除#号
Port 22              #端口可自定
AddressFamily any
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
ListenAddress ::

#以下内容no改为yes
PermitRootLogin yes # 需要用 root 直接登录系统此处no改为 yes
PasswordAuthentication yes # 将 no 改为 yes 表示使用帐号密码方式登录

（5）重新启动ssh

service ssh restart

WSL常用命令

debian config --default-user root #设置默认账户root

debian -c "service ssh start" #ssh开机自启,需新建bat放到启动目录

wsl --shutdown 关闭

wsl镜像文件位置

C:\users\用户名\appdata\local\packages\canonicalgrouplimited.ubuntuonwindows_79rhkp1fndgsc\localstate\rootfs\

2.安装lnmp

apt install nginx -y
apt install mysql-server mysql-client -y
apt install php -y
apt install php-fpm  -y

(1)版本情况：

nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

PHP 7.4.3 (cli) (built: Nov 25 2021 23:16:22) ( NTS )

mysql Ver 8.0.27-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))

(2)安装php扩展，这是 Nextcloud 核心系统安装软件包，如果计划运行其他应用程序，需要安装其他扩展：https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/19/admin_manual/installation/source_installation.html#prerequisites-label

apt install php7.4-gd php7.4-mysql php7.4-curl php7.4-mbstring php7.4-intl
apt install php7.4-gmp php7.4-bcmath php-imagick php7.4-xml php7.4-zip

(3)必备：安装数据库插件

apt install php7.4-sqlite3 -y      #>= 3，出于性能原因官网不推荐，但个人用完全足够
apt install php7.4-mysql         #安装mysql驱动插件
也可以用下边命令
apt install php-pdo-mysql -y      #安装mysql驱动插件

不想折腾mysql可以直接安装sqlite也够用

未安装php模块提示：

二、安装nextcloud

1.下载zip包

下载完成后winscp上传至/var/www目录

nextcloud下载地址：https://nextcloud.com/install/#instructions-server

或者直接cd /var/www, wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-23.0.0.zip

2.解压

xshell或者putty登录服务器安装unzip，解压至当前目录，并设置文件夹的访问权限可以被nginx访问

apt install unzip -y
cd /var/www 
unzip nextcloud-23.0.0.zip
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud

如果chown赋权限出错出错需新增www-data用户和组

useradd www-data
groupadd -g  www-data www-data

3.修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/sites-available/default，局域网访问可不开启ssl，配置参考官网。

upstream php-handler {
    #server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    server unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;#php7.4默认监听方式
}


server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    
    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    # NOTE: some settings below might be redundant
    #ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;
    #ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Add headers to serve security related headers
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
    # topic first.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;
    #
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /var/www/nextcloud;#nginx的root路径

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
    # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json last;

    # The following rule is only needed for the Social app.
    # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /public.php?service=webfinger last;

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;

    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    # Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;
        #
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
        add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

View Code

如需开启ssl参考：https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/19/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html

4.nginx（vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf）默认user是www-data不需要修改，其他配置暂不修改。

user www-data;

5.php7.4（vi /etc/php/7.4/fpm/pool.d/www.conf）默认user、group是www-data不需要修改，其他配置暂不修改

user = www-data
group = www-data

三、启动lnmp，配置nextcloud

1.lnmp启动

service  nginx start                  #启动nginx
service php7.4-fpm start              #启动php            
service mysql start                   #启动mysql

2.mysql配置

mysql -uroot -p

出现mysql[root]提示后输入以下行，将用户名'nextcloud'@'localhost'中nextcloud和密码123456替换为适当的值，并使用回车键确认，注意最后加上分号：

CREATE USER 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

通过输入以下命令退出mysql：

quit;

3.本地浏览器输入localhost

四、常见问题

1.内部服务器错误

以下三种问题主要是nginx无法访问www目录，chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud赋予权限后解决

2.mysql 启动报错

mysql 启动报错：su: warning: cannot change directory to /nonexistent: No such file or directory

这种错误一般是 mysql 服务器异常关机导致的，解决方案如下：

# Ubuntu
sudo service mysql stop
sudo usermod -d /var/lib/mysql/ mysql sudo service mysql start

# CentOS
sudo systemctl stop mysql.service
sudo usermod -d /var/lib/mysql/ mysql sudo systemctl start mysql.service

3.navicat连接不上数据库问题

是因为mysql8.0登录验证的默认插件变更了，从mysql_native_password变为auth_socket，需改为密码方式

(1)登陆数据库

mysql -uroot -p

(2)再输入root的密码：

(3)更改加密方式：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

(4)更改密码：该例子中 123456为新密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

用update改密码会报错

update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';

(5)刷新：

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

4.忘记密码重置密码方法：

# 停止mysql服务

sudo service mysql stop

# 修改MySQL的登录设置，暂时不校验登陆密码

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

# 将[mysqld]下的“skip-external-locking”注释掉

# 添加 “skip-grant-tables” 然后保存退出

# 重启mysql数据库

sudo service mysql restart

# 免密登陆mysql数据库

mysql -uroot -p

#打开 skip-grant-tables 这个参数后，进去要刷新授权表：

FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #否则无法更改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; #更改密码

FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #再次刷新：

5.打开缓慢、卡顿优化

安装PHP的APCu+Redis扩展

安装apcu,apcu_bc 扩展

sudo apt-get install php-apcu php-apcu-bc

安装redis

apt-get install redis-server #安装redis

apt install php-redis #安装php-redis驱动

安装完毕后，打开nextcloud目录/config/config.php，在其尾部添加以下代码

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
    'host' => '127.0.0.1',
    'port' => 6379,
],
'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',

6.上传速度优化、上传文件大小设置

(1)上传速度优化

进入nextcloud安装目录关闭上传分块

sudo -u www-data php occ config:app:set files max_chunk_size --value 0

也可以打开 /nextcloud/apps/files/lib/App.php 将其中10*1024*1024改为0*1024*1024

$maxChunkSize = (int)\OC::$server->getConfig()->getAppValue('files', 'max_chunk_size', 0 * 1024 * 1024);

occ命令出现错误1（开启APCu+Redis优化后）

nextcloud不能执行occ命令，报错如下：

OCP\HintException: [0]: Memcache \OC\Memcache\APCu not available for local cache (Is the matching PHP module installed and enabled?)

解决方法是开启apcu命令行，在/etc/php/7.4/fpm/conf.d/20-apcu.ini 文件中末尾添加

apc.enable_cli=1

重启php问题解决

occ命令出现错误2

PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 2097152 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 438272 bytes) in /var/www/nextcloud/3rdparty/composer/autoload_real.php on line 37

将 /etc/php/7.4/fpm 文件夹中 php.ini 复制到 /etc/php/7.4/cli 中覆盖原文件重启php

(1)上传文件大小设置参考官网：

https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/big_file_upload_configuration.html?highlight=php%20timeout#adjust-chunk-size-on-nextcloud-side