java中json字符串与对象转换

常见的转换工具有：
Jackson：SpringMVC内置的转换工具
jsonlib：Java提供的转换工具(一般不用)
gson：google提供的转换工具(轻量级的框架)
fastjson：Alibaba提供的转换工具(效率高速度快)

Jackson:
相关jar包：

jackson-annotations-2.2.3.jar
jackson-core.2.2.3.jar
jackson-databind-2.2.3.jar

主要方法：

//对象----->字符串
String jsonStr = new ObjectMapper().**writeValueAsString**(resultBean);	
//字符串--->map
Map map = JSON.**parseObject**(jsonStr, Map.class);	                
//字符串---> list
TypeReference<List<User>> ref = new TypeReference<List<User>>(){};
List<User> list = objectMapper.readValue(jsonStr, ref);                 

java对象转json：

//Map对象或者JavaBean对象转换成json的时候会得到一个json字符串
//List<Map>或者List<JavaBean>转换成json的时候会得到一个json数组的字符串
 @Test
    public void test04() throws JsonProcessingException {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        userList.add(new User(1, "娜扎", "123456", "[e-mail]", "18999999999"));
        userList.add(new User(2, "热巴", "123456", "[e-mail]", "19898989898"));
        userList.add(new User(3, "哈尼", "123456", "[e-mail]", "19866666666"));
        ResultBean resultBean = new ResultBean(true, userList);
        String jsonStr = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultBean);
        System.out.println(jsonStr);
    }

json字符串转对象：
使用jackson将json字符串转换JavaBean对象或者Map

@Test
//把json转成JavaBean(user对象)
public void test06() throws IOException {
    String jsonStr = "{\"id\":1,\"username\":\"zs\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"1386789898\"}";
    //1.调用JSON.parseObject(String json,Class clazz);
    //转换成user
    User user = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, User.class);
    System.out.println(user);
    
    //转换成map
    Map map = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, Map.class);
    System.out.println(map);
}

使用jackson将json数组字符串转换成List

@Test
//把json转成List<JavaBean>对象
public void test07() throws Exception {
    String jsonStr = "[{\"id\":1,\"username\":\"zs\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"1386789898\"},{\"id\":2,\"username\":\"ls\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"1386781898\"},{\"id\":3,\"username\":\"ww\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"1386782898\"}]";
	
    //1.创建ObjectMapper对象
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

    //2.调用readValue()
    TypeReference<List<User>> ref = new TypeReference<List<User>>(){};
    List<User> list = objectMapper.readValue(jsonStr, ref);
    System.out.println(list);
}

fastjson
jar包：fastjson-1.2.39.jar
主要方法：

String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(user)  		     //user(对象) -----> jsonStr(字符串)
Map map = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, Map.class);   	     //jsonStr(字符串) --> map
List<User> userList = JSON.parseArray(jsonArr, User.class);  //jsonStr(字符串) --> List

使用fastjson将java对象转成json字符串

@Test
    public void test06(){
        //使用fastjson将user对象转换成json字符串
        User user = new User(1,"张三","123456","[e-mail]","18999999999");
        String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(user);
        System.out.println(jsonStr);
    }

使用fastjson将json字符串转换成JavaBean对象或者Map

@Test
    //把json转成JavaBean(user对象)
    public void test08() throws IOException {
        String jsonStr = "{\"id\":1,\"username\":\"zs\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"1386789898\"}";

	//1.调用JSON.parseObject(String json,Class clazz);
        User user = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, User.class);
        System.out.println(user);

    }

@Test
 //把json转成Map
 public void test09() throws IOException {
     String jsonStr = "{\"id\":1,\"username\":\"zs\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"1386789898\"}";
     //1.调用JSON.parseObject(String json,Class clazz);
     Map map = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr, Map.class);
     System.out.println(map);
 }

@Test
    //使用fastjson将json字符串转换成List<JavaBean>
    public void test11() {
        //使用fastjson将json数组的字符串，转换成List<User>
        String jsonArr = "[{\"id\":1,\"username\":\"张三\",\"password\":\"123456\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"18999999999\"},{\"id\":2,\"username\":\"李四\",\"password\":\"654321\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"18666666666\"},{\"id\":3,\"username\":\"王五\",\"password\":\"777777\",\"email\":\"[e-mail]\",\"phone\":\"18777777777\"}]";
        List<User> userList = JSON.parseArray(jsonArr, User.class);
        for (User user : userList) {
            System.out.println(user.getUsername());
        }
    }

fastjson解析复杂json数据：
1、如何从字符串String获得JSONObject对象和JSONArray对象

JSONObject  jsonObject  = new JSONObject ( String  str);
JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(String    str  ) ;

2、如何从JSONArray中获得JSONObject对象
可以把JSONArray当成一般的数组来对待，只是获取的数据内数据的方法不一样
JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i) ;

3、获取JSON内的数据

int   mid= jsonObject.getInt ( "id" ) ;    
String  mcourse=jsonObject.getString( " courseID") ;