转载原文：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5c7b359a159c
如下代码，本方法主要用于程序定义模板格式，并导出文件。该方法将定义和创建分离，达到了一定解耦合，降低了开发复杂度。但是依然是程序定义模板，对模板的样式需要程序控制，没有达到将数据和样式分离的目的。
改良版，关于添加依赖之类的之前一篇文章里面有。
这篇是把之前的方法抽成通用模板。
一、添加一个实体类
package com.lencity.securitymanagementplatform.data.entity; import java.util.List; public class XlsData { public static final int DATA_TYPE_INTEGER = 0; public static final int DATA_TYPE_STRING = 1; private List<String> titles;//表头 private List<Integer> types;//数据类型 private List<List<Object>> values;存表数据 public List<Integer> getTypes() { return types; } public void setTypes(List<Integer> types) { this.types = types; } public List<String> getTitles() { return titles; } public void setTitles(List<String> titles) { this.titles = titles; } public List<List<Object>> getValues() { return values; } public void setValues(List<List<Object>> values) { this.values = values; } } 二、创建一个service类
package com.lencity.securitymanagementplatform.service; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URLEncoder; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.HorizontalAlignment; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.lencity.securitymanagementplatform.data.entity.XlsData; @Service public class XlsService { //写一个接口，哪个控制器需要加上导出excel功能就继承这个接口 public static interface IXlsOutputProcessor { public XlsData processXlsData(Map<String, Object> condition); } //解析数据创建excel public HSSFWorkbook createExcelData(IXlsOutputProcessor processor, Map<String, Object> condition) { XlsData xlsData = processor.processXlsData(condition); HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("统计表");// 创建一个excel表单 HSSFRow titleRow = sheet.createRow(0); // 设置列宽，setColumnWidth的第二个参数要乘以256，这个参数的单位是1/256个字符宽度 sheet.setColumnWidth(1, 15 * 256); sheet.setColumnWidth(3, 20 * 256); HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));// 设置日期格式 HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();// 设置为居中加粗 font.setBold(true); style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); style.setFont(font); List<String> titles = xlsData.getTitles(); HSSFCell cell; /* 构造表头 */ for (int i = 0; i < titles.size(); i++) { cell = titleRow.createCell(i); cell.setCellValue(titles.get(i)); cell.setCellStyle(style); } int rowNum = 1; List<Integer> dataTypes = xlsData.getTypes(); List<List<Object>> values = xlsData.getValues(); for (int i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) { List<Object> value = values.get(i); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowNum); for (int j = 0; j < value.size(); j++) { switch (dataTypes.get(j)) { case XlsData.DATA_TYPE_INTEGER: row.createCell(j).setCellValue((Integer) value.get(j)); break; case XlsData.DATA_TYPE_STRING: row.createCell(j).setCellValue((String) value.get(j)); break; } } rowNum++; } return workbook; } // 浏览器导出excel public void buildExcelDocument(String filename, HSSFWorkbook workbook, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { response.reset(); response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8")); OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream(); workbook.write(outputStream); outputStream.flush(); outputStream.close(); } // 下载excel模板功能 public void downloadTemplate(HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { String fileName="导出模板.xls"; response.reset(); response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "utf-8")); String filePath=request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/excel/")+fileName; FileInputStream input=new FileInputStream(filePath); OutputStream out=response.getOutputStream(); byte[] b=new byte[2048]; int len; while((len=input.read(b))!=-1) { out.write(b,0,len); } response.setHeader("Content-Length", String.valueOf(input.getChannel().size())); input.close(); } } 三、控制器
假设我们要在用户页面加上导出表格的功能，那就在用户的控制器上继承接口
public class UserController implements IXlsOutputProcessor { 继承之后需要在控制器中重写接口方法，
导出的表格样式.png
关于封装数据，主要就是根据自己实际的项目需求，来构造数据了
// 封装数据 @Override public XlsData processXlsData(Map<String, Object> condition) { List<String> titles = new ArrayList<>();//表头 List<Integer> dataTypes = new ArrayList<>();//表数据类型 List<List<Object>> values = new ArrayList<>();//表头对应的数据 titles.add("姓名"); dataTypes.add(XlsData.DATA_TYPE_STRING); titles.add("手机号码"); dataTypes.add(XlsData.DATA_TYPE_STRING); titles.add("职位"); dataTypes.add(XlsData.DATA_TYPE_STRING); titles.add("部门"); dataTypes.add(XlsData.DATA_TYPE_STRING); List<User> users = userService.getUsersByCondition(condition); XlsData xlsData = new XlsData(); xlsData.setTitles(titles); xlsData.setTypes(dataTypes); for (User user : users) { List<Object> tmpList = new ArrayList<>(); tmpList.add(user.getName()); tmpList.add(user.getMobile()); tmpList.add(user.getPosition()); tmpList.add(departmentService.getDepartmentNameByDepartmentCode(user.getDepartmentCode())); values.add(tmpList); } xlsData.setValues(values); return xlsData; } // 导出excel，前台js，点击 导出excel 关联的路径就是这个 @PostMapping(value = "/downLoadXls") @ResponseBody public String downLoadXls(Map<String, Object> condition, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { String fileName = "导出excel.xls"; HSSFWorkbook workbook = xlsService.createExcelData(this, condition); xlsService.buildExcelDocument(fileName, workbook, response); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); jsonObject.put("code", 1); return jsonObject.toString(); } // 下载模板，前台js，点击 下载模板 关联的路径就是这个 @PostMapping(value = "/downloadTemplate") @ResponseBody public String downloadTemplate(HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { String fileName = "导出excel.xls"; xlsService.downloadTemplate(response, request); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); jsonObject.put("code", 1); return jsonObject.toString(); } 
前台界面.png
模板的存放位置
前台按钮代码
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary waves-effect" onclick="downloadTemplate()" id="downloadTemplate"> <i class="material-icons">vertical_align_bottom</i> <span>下载模板</span> </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary waves-effect"onclick="exportExcel()"> <i class="material-icons">vertical_align_bottom</i> <span>导出表格</span> </button> js
form表单里面是页面的表单筛选条件，如果要导数据库所有的数据，可把form表单去掉。如果导出的数据是有筛选条件的，需要改一下form表单
function exportExcel() { var name = $("#name").val(); var departmentCode = $("#departmentCode").find("option:selected").val(); var form = $("<form>"); $('body').append(form); form.attr('style','display:none'); form.attr('target',''); form.attr('method','post'); form.attr('action',contextPath+'/user/downLoadXls');//下载文件的请求路径 //对应查询条件的开始时间 var input1 = $('<input>'); input1.attr('type','hidden'); input1.attr('name',"name"); input1.attr('value',name); form.append(input1); //对应查询条件的结束时间 var input2 = $('<input>'); input2.attr('type','hidden'); input2.attr('name','departmentCode'); input2.attr('value',departmentCode); form.append(input2); form.submit(); } 下载模板的js
function downloadTemplate() { var form = $("<form>"); $('body').append(form); form.attr('style', 'display:none'); form.attr('target', ''); form.attr('method', 'post'); form.attr('action', contextPath + '/user/downloadTemplate');// 下载文件的请求路径 form.submit(); }
二、java通过poi模板导出excel（程序根据模板样式导出）
此方法与上文不同的是，用户自定义模板样式，程序根据参数名称和sheet名称来查找填写相应内容。
附上poi的maven配置：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.16</version>
</dependency>
我使用了最新的版本。
package com.unionpay.cqupay.utils;
import com.unionpay.cqupay.common.CetcBigDataException;
import com.unionpay.cqupay.entity.SheetData;
import com.unionpay.cqupay.pojo.UmUserGatherPojo;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author adam
* @version 1.0
* @date 2019-9-23
*/
public class ExcelUtil {
private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExcelUtil.class);
/**
* Sheet复制
* @param fromSheet
* @param toSheet
* @param copyValueFlag
*/
public static void copySheet(Workbook wb, Sheet fromSheet, Sheet toSheet,
boolean copyValueFlag) {
//合并区域处理
mergerRegion(fromSheet, toSheet);
int index = 0;
for (Iterator<Row> rowIt = fromSheet.rowIterator(); rowIt.hasNext();) {
Row tmpRow = rowIt.next();
Row newRow = toSheet.createRow(tmpRow.getRowNum());
CellStyle style = tmpRow.getRowStyle();
if(style != null)
newRow.setRowStyle(tmpRow.getRowStyle());
newRow.setHeight(tmpRow.getHeight());
//针对第一行设置行宽
if(index == 0) {
int first = tmpRow.getFirstCellNum();
int last = tmpRow.getLastCellNum();
for(int i = first ; i < last ; i++) {
int w = fromSheet.getColumnWidth(i);
toSheet.setColumnWidth(i, w + 1);
}
toSheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(fromSheet.getDefaultColumnWidth());
}
//行复制
copyRow(wb,tmpRow,newRow,copyValueFlag);
index++ ;
}
}
/**
* 行复制功能
* @param fromRow
* @param toRow
*/
static void copyRow(Workbook wb,Row fromRow,Row toRow,boolean copyValueFlag){
for (Iterator<Cell> cellIt = fromRow.cellIterator(); cellIt.hasNext();) {
Cell tmpCell = cellIt.next();
Cell newCell = toRow.createCell(tmpCell.getColumnIndex());
copyCell(wb,tmpCell, newCell, copyValueFlag);
}
}
/**
* 复制原有sheet的合并单元格到新创建的sheet
*
* @param fromSheet 新创建sheet
* @param toSheet 原有的sheet
*/
static void mergerRegion(Sheet fromSheet, Sheet toSheet) {
int sheetMergerCount = fromSheet.getNumMergedRegions();
for (int i = 0; i < sheetMergerCount; i++) {
CellRangeAddress cra = fromSheet.getMergedRegion(i);
toSheet.addMergedRegion(cra);
}
}
/**
* 复制单元格
*
* @param srcCell
* @param distCell
* @param copyValueFlag
* true则连同cell的内容一起复制
*/
public static void copyCell(Workbook wb,Cell srcCell, Cell distCell,
boolean copyValueFlag) {
CellStyle newstyle=wb.createCellStyle();
//copyCellStyle(srcCell.getCellStyle(), newstyle);
//distCell.setEncoding(srcCell.);
newstyle.cloneStyleFrom(srcCell.getCellStyle());
//样式
distCell.setCellStyle(newstyle);
//评论
if (srcCell.getCellComment() != null) {
distCell.setCellComment(srcCell.getCellComment());
}
// 不同数据类型处理
CellType srcCellType = srcCell.getCellTypeEnum();
distCell.setCellType(srcCellType);
if (copyValueFlag) {
if (srcCellType == CellType.NUMERIC) {
if (org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(srcCell)) {
distCell.setCellValue(srcCell.getDateCellValue());
} else {
distCell.setCellValue(srcCell.getNumericCellValue());
}
} else if (srcCellType == CellType.STRING ) {
distCell.setCellValue(srcCell.getRichStringCellValue());
} else if (srcCellType == CellType.BLANK ) {
// nothing21
} else if (srcCellType == CellType.BOOLEAN ) {
distCell.setCellValue(srcCell.getBooleanCellValue());
} else if (srcCellType == CellType.ERROR ) {
distCell.setCellErrorValue(srcCell.getErrorCellValue());
} else if (srcCellType == CellType.FORMULA ) {
distCell.setCellFormula(srcCell.getCellFormula());
} else { // nothing29
}
}
}
/**
* 写入excel数据
* @param model 采用的模板 位置在 src/model/下 模板第一个sheet页必须是模板sheet
* @param sheetDatas 模板数据
*/
public static void writeData(String model , OutputStream out, SheetData... sheetDatas ) {
Workbook wb = null;
try {
InputStream input = new FileInputStream(model);
// InputStream input = ExcelUtils2.class.getResourceAsStream(model);
if(input == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("模板文件不存在"+model);
}
if(model.endsWith(".xlsx"))
wb = new XSSFWorkbook(input);
else if(model.endsWith(".xls"))
wb = new HSSFWorkbook(input);
else
throw new RuntimeException("模板文件不合法，不是excel类型"+model );
} catch (IOException e) {
//e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("加载模板文件失败"+model);
}
Sheet source = wb.getSheetAt(0);
//就一个的话 直接用模板
int size = sheetDatas.length ;
/*for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i++) {
if(i == 0) {
if (sheetDatas[0]!=null){
wb.setSheetName(0, sheetDatas[0].getName());
}
} else {
if (sheetDatas[i]!=null) {
Sheet toSheet = wb.createSheet(sheetDatas[i].getName());
//复制格式
copySheet(wb, source, toSheet, true);
}
}
}*/
int numberOfSheets=wb.getNumberOfSheets();
out:for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i++) {
String sheetDatasName=sheetDatas[i].getName();
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(sheetDatasName)){
for(int j=0;j<numberOfSheets;j++){
if (sheetDatasName.equals(wb.getSheetAt(j).getSheetName())){
//写数据
writeData(sheetDatas[i],wb.getSheetAt(j) );
continue out;
}
}
}
}
try {
wb.write(out);
out.flush();
wb.close();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 向sheet页中写入数据
* @param sheetData 数据Map
* @param sheet sheet
*/
public static void writeData(SheetData sheetData , Sheet sheet) {
//从sheet中找到匹配符 #{}表示单个 , ${}表示集合,从该单元格开始向下追加
for(Iterator<Row> rowIt = sheet.rowIterator(); rowIt.hasNext();) {
Row row = rowIt.next();
//取cell
for(int j = row.getFirstCellNum() ; j < row.getLastCellNum() ; j++) {
Cell cell = row.getCell(j);
//判断cell的内容是否包含 $ 或者#
if(cell != null && cell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.STRING && cell.getStringCellValue() != null
&& (cell.getStringCellValue().contains("$") || cell.getStringCellValue().contains("#") )) {
//剥离# $
String[] winds = CommonUtils.getWildcard(cell.getStringCellValue().trim());
for(String wind : winds) {
writeData(sheetData, wind , cell , sheet);
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 填充数据
* @param sheetData
* @param keyWind #{name}只替换当前 or ${names} 从当前行开始向下替换
*/
static void writeData(SheetData sheetData , String keyWind , Cell cell , Sheet sheet) {
String key = keyWind.substring(2 , keyWind.length() - 1);
if(keyWind.startsWith("#")) {
//简单替换
Object value = sheetData.get(key);
//为空则替换为空字符串
if(value == null)
value = "" ;
String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
cellValue = cellValue.replace(keyWind, value.toString());
cell.setCellValue(cellValue);
} else if(keyWind.startsWith("$")) {
//从list中每个实体开始解,行数从当前开始
int rowindex = cell.getRowIndex();
int columnindex = cell.getColumnIndex();
List<? extends Object> listdata = sheetData.getDatas();
//不为空的时候开始填充
if(listdata != null && !listdata.isEmpty()){
for(Object o : listdata) {
Object cellValue = CommonUtils.getValue(o, key);
Row row = sheet.getRow(rowindex);
if(row == null) {
row = sheet.createRow(rowindex);
}
//取出cell
Cell c = row.getCell(columnindex);
if(c == null)
c = row.createCell(columnindex);
if(cell.getCellStyle() != null){
c.setCellStyle(cell.getCellStyle());
}
if(cell.getCellTypeEnum() != null) {
c.setCellType(cell.getCellTypeEnum());
}
if(cellValue != null) {
if(cellValue instanceof Number || CommonUtils.isNumber(cellValue) )
c.setCellValue( Double.valueOf(cellValue.toString()));
else if(cellValue instanceof Boolean)
c.setCellValue((Boolean)cellValue);
else if(cellValue instanceof Date)
c.setCellValue(DateUtil.getDayFormatStr((Date)cellValue,sheetData.getTimeFormat()));
else
c.setCellValue(cellValue.toString());
} else {
//数据为空 如果当前单元格已经有数据则重置为空
if(c.getStringCellValue() != null) {
c.setCellValue("");
}
}
rowindex++ ;
}
} else {
//list数据为空则将$全部替换空字符串
String cellValue = "" ;
cell.setCellValue(cellValue);
}
}
}
public static File createFile(String templateName,String fileName, SheetData... sheetData) throws CetcBigDataException {
String model = System.getProperty("user.dir")+File.separator+"res"+File.separator+"model"+File.separator+templateName ;
//创建个临时文件
File file=new File("temp"+File.separator+"statistics");
if(!file.exists()){//如果文件夹不存在
file.mkdirs();//创建文件夹
}
file=new File("temp"+File.separator+"statistics"+File.separator+fileName);
try {
TemplateExcelUtil.writeData(model, new FileOutputStream(file), sheetData);
}catch (Exception e){
throw new CetcBigDataException("导出表格失败，失败原因："+e.getMessage());
}
return file;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取模板
// logger.info("项目路径{}",System.getProperty("user.dir"));
// String model = System.getProperty("user.dir")+File.separator+"res\\model\\template_user.xlsx" ;
String model = "D:\\cetc\\nas\\cetcData\\excelmodel\\template_user.xlsx" ;
File f = new File("e:/test.xlsx");
SheetData sd = new SheetData("用户统计");
sd.put("name", "张三");
sd.put("age", 13);
//每个sheet页加入100条测试数据
//注意这里可以加入pojo也可以直接使用map,理论上map在这里效率更高一些
UmUserGatherPojo vo=new UmUserGatherPojo();
vo.setMonth("201909");
vo.setUserRegisterNum(100);
vo.setUserActiveNum(65);
sd.addData(vo);
UmUserGatherPojo vo2=new UmUserGatherPojo();
vo2.setMonth("201908");
vo2.setUserRegisterNum(90);
vo2.setUserActiveNum(null);
sd.addData(vo2);
try {
ExcelUtils.writeData(model, new FileOutputStream(f) ,sd);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package com.unionpay.cqupay.entity;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author adam
* @version 1.0
* @date 2019-9-23
*/
public class SheetData {
/**
* sheet页中存储 #{key} 的数据
*/
private Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
/**
* 列表数据存储 sheet页中替换${key} 并以列为单位向下赋值
*/
private List<Object> datas = new LinkedList<Object>();
private String name ;
private String timeFormat;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getTimeFormat() {
return timeFormat;
}
public void setTimeFormat(String timeFormat) {
this.timeFormat = timeFormat;
}
public SheetData(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public SheetData(String name,String timeFormat) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.timeFormat=timeFormat;
}
public void put(String key , Object value) {
map.put(key, value);
}
public void remove(String key) {
map.remove(key);
}
public Object get(String key) {
return map.get(key);
}
/**
* 清理map存储和数据存储
*/
public void clear() {
map.clear();
datas.clear();
}
public void addData(Object t){
datas.add(t);
}
public void addDatas(List<? extends Object> list) {
datas.addAll(list);
}
public List<Object> getDatas() {
return datas;
}
}
其中用到了CommonUtils公共类中封装的几个静态方法：
下面开始写测试，编辑一个excel模板：
编写一个测试数据实体（实际使用Map效率会更好一些）：
编写测试类，注意模型test.xlsx 已经放入src/model/ 目录下：
输出文件如下：
模板中单元格的样式会延续复制，包含颜色，宽度等等。有兴趣大家可以一起扩展一下。
作者封装了ExcelUtil.createFile（）方法。在项目中可以灵活调用。如下代码：
public boolean exportUersStatistics( String email,Integer userId) throws CetcBigDataException {
List<UmUserGatherPojo> list=this.findPojo(userId) ;
SheetData sd = new SheetData("用户统计表" );
for (UmUserGatherPojo vo : list) {
sd.addData(vo);
}
File file=TemplateExcelUtil.createFile("template_user.xlsx",userId+"user.xlsx",sd);
boolean sendResult = mailUtil.sendMail(email, file.getPath(), "用户统计表(月报)", "每月统计注册用户和活跃用户");
if (sendResult) {
return true;
} else {
throw new CetcBigDataException("发送邮件失败");
}
}
参考 https://www.iteye.com/blog/jjxliu306-2383610