Tkinter canvas-绘制线、矩形、文字、椭圆、圆、多边形

• 常用参数和函数

fill = 'xxx'  # 填充xxx颜色
width = 'xxx'  # 设置宽度或边框宽度
outline = 'orange'  # 设置边框的颜色
canvas.itemcget(name, 'xxx')  # 获取组件name的xxx属性
canvas.coords(name)  # 获取组件的横坐标和纵坐标
canvas.coords(name, x1, y1, x2, y2)  # 重新设置组件的横坐标和纵坐标

• 绘制实线和虚线

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画实线,填充橙色
canvas.create_line(100, 100, 100, 200, fill='orange')
# 画实线,填充橙色,设置宽度为10
canvas.create_line(150, 100, 150, 200, fill='orange', width=10)
# 画虚线,填充橙色
canvas.create_line(200, 100, 200, 200, fill='orange', dash=(2, 2))
win.mainloop()

• 绘制矩形

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画矩形,填充橙色
canvas.create_rectangle(100, 100, 200, 200, fill='orange')
# 画矩形,填充橙色,设置边框宽度为10
canvas.create_rectangle(250, 100, 350, 200, fill='orange', width=10)
# 画矩形,填充橙色,设置边框是红色
canvas.create_rectangle(400, 100, 450, 200, fill='orange', outline='red', width=2)
win.mainloop()

• 绘制文字

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画文字
canvas.create_text(100, 100, text='文字')
# 画文字,填充橙色
canvas.create_text(200, 100, text='文字', fill='orange')
win.mainloop()

•  绘制圆和椭圆

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画圆,填充橙色
canvas.create_oval(100, 100, 200, 200, fill='orange')
# 画椭圆,填充橙色,设置边框宽度5，边框颜色pink
canvas.create_oval(200, 200, 300, 350, fill='orange', width=5, outline='pink')

win.mainloop()

• 绘制多边形

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 绘制多边形,填充粉色
point = [(50, 50), (100, 50), (100, 100), (75, 150), (50, 100)]
canvas.create_polygon(point, fill='pink', width=5, outline='orange')
win.mainloop()

• 获取组件的属性

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画实线,填充橙色,宽度为10
line = canvas.create_line(150, 100, 150, 200, fill='orange', width=10)


def event():
    # 使用 itemcget 来获取组件的属性
    fill = canvas.itemcget(line, 'fill')
    print(fill)
    width = canvas.itemcget(line, 'width')
    print(width)


btn = Button(win, text='点击获取实线属性', command=event)

canvas.create_window((100, 50), window=btn)
win.mainloop()

• 重新设置组件位置和组件属性

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画实线,填充橙色,宽度为10
line = canvas.create_line(150, 100, 150, 200, fill='orange', width=10)


def move_line():
    # 使用 coords 来重新设置组件的位置
    canvas.coords(line, 200, 100, 200, 200)


btn = Button(win, text='点击移动实线', command=move_line)
# 使用 itemconfig 来重新设置组件的属性
btn1 = Button(win, text='点击切换实线填充颜色', command=lambda: canvas.itemconfig(line, fill='pink'))
canvas.create_window((100, 50), window=btn)
canvas.create_window((300, 50), window=btn1)
win.mainloop()

•  移动组件

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画实线,填充橙色,宽度为10
line = canvas.create_line(150, 100, 150, 200, fill='orange', width=10)


def move_line():
    # 使用 coords 来重新设置组件的位置
    canvas.coords(line, 200, 100, 200, 200)


btn = Button(win, text='点击移动实线', command=move_line)
# 使用 move 移动组件,参数表示沿XY轴移动的距离
btn1 = Button(win, text='点击移动实线2', command=lambda: canvas.move(line, 10, 0))
canvas.create_window((100, 50), window=btn)
canvas.create_window((300, 50), window=btn1)
win.mainloop()

•  删除组件

from tkinter import *

win = Tk()
win.geometry('500x500+500+100')
canvas = Canvas(win)
canvas.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True)
# 画实线,填充橙色
line = canvas.create_line(100, 100, 100, 200, fill='orange')
# 画实线,填充橙色,宽度为10
canvas.create_line(150, 100, 150, 200, fill='orange', width=10)
# 画虚线,填充橙色
canvas.create_line(200, 100, 200, 200, fill='orange', dash=(2, 2))
# 使用delete来删除组件
canvas.create_window((250, 50), window=Button(text='删除橙色实线',
                                              command=lambda x=canvas: x.delete(line)))
# all 代表画布的所有组件
canvas.create_window((150, 50), window=Button(text='删除画布所有组件',
                                              command=lambda x=canvas: x.delete('all')))
win.mainloop()