挂载数据目录时，务必保证宿主机上被挂载的目录为空，不然docker run 不起来，查看日志，会报如下错误：
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# docker logs hello-mysql
2020-02-28 09:23:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.29-1debian9 started.
2020-02-28 09:23:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2020-02-28 09:23:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.29-1debian9 started.
2020-02-28 09:23:20+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
2020-02-28T09:23:20.708327Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentationfor more details).
2020-02-28T09:23:20.710160Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2020-02-28T09:23:20.710188Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
保证宿主机上被挂载的数据目录为空，再次docker run 时挂载：
[root@kribee-dong test-data]# docker run --name hello-mysql -v /root/test-data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7
222ac32fc51954750cb60b18caf2b63dec2fb3412e20e88ac1e6c125ac646125
[root@kribee-dong test-data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
222ac32fc519 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 3306/tcp, 33060/tcp hello-mysql
7fecbfc0e5a7 dong-blog:v1 "java -jar blog-spri…" 19 hours ago Up 19 hours 8001/tcp boring_mccarthy
31501194b632 redis "docker-entrypoint.s…" 20 hours ago Up 20 hours 6379/tcp myredis
e0a19274dfa1 rabbitmq:management "docker-entrypoint.s…" 20 hours ago Up 20 hours 4369/tcp, 5671-5672/tcp, 15671-15672/tcp, 25672/tcp dong-rabbit
237e3e7419b3 blog-nginx-dong.com:v1.0 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 41 hours ago Up 41 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp dong-blog-nginx
[root@kribee-dong test-data]# ls
auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys
ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem
将blog和idbdata复制到刚刚宿主机上被挂载的目录：
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# cp -r blog /root/test-data
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# cp ibdata1 /root/test-data
进入mysql容器中，查看：发现刚刚拷贝进去的数据库，可以查看到库，也可以use 到这个库，还可以查看到这个库中所有的数据表，但查询某个表的数据时，会报这个表不存在！
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# docker exec -it 222ac32fc519 bash
root@222ac32fc519:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| blog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use blog;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_blog |
+----------------+
| announcement |
| blog |
| blog_tag |
| code |
| discuss |
| login |
| message |
| reply |
| role |
| tag |
| user |
| user_role |
+----------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from role;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'blog.role' doesn't exist
通过重启这个容器，即可解决这个问题
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# docker restart 222ac32fc519
222ac32fc519
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
222ac32fc519 mysql:5.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 3306/tcp, 33060/tcp hello-mysql
7fecbfc0e5a7 dong-blog:v1 "java -jar blog-spri…" 19 hours ago Up 19 hours 8001/tcp boring_mccarthy
31501194b632 redis "docker-entrypoint.s…" 20 hours ago Up 20 hours 6379/tcp myredis
e0a19274dfa1 rabbitmq:management "docker-entrypoint.s…" 20 hours ago Up 20 hours 4369/tcp, 5671-5672/tcp, 15671-15672/tcp, 25672/tcp dong-rabbit
237e3e7419b3 blog-nginx-dong.com:v1.0 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 41 hours ago Up 41 hours 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp dong-blog-nginx
[root@kribee-dong mysqldatatest]# docker exec -it 222ac32fc519 bash
root@222ac32fc519:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| blog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use blog;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_blog |
+----------------+
| announcement |
| blog |
| blog_tag |
| code |
| discuss |
| login |
| message |
| reply |
| role |
| tag |
| user |
| user_role |
+----------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from login;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from use_role;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'blog.use_role' doesn't exist
mysql> select * from user_role;
+--------------+---------+---------+---------------------+--------------+
| user_role_id | user_id | role_id | gmt_create | gmt_modified |
+--------------+---------+---------+---------------------+--------------+
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2019-12-27 03:10:33 | NULL |
| 2 | 2 | 1 | 2019-12-27 03:10:33 | NULL |
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 2019-12-27 03:10:33 | NULL |
+--------------+---------+---------+---------------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)