内容简介
本文介绍在Jenkins Pipeline中,如何使用SSH命令,及相关的工具。
问题描述
在Jenkins Pipeline中,需要在远程主机上执行命令。当然可以直接执行ssh(1)命令,但是这不够Jenkins Pipeline啊,而且可移植性较差,并不是最佳实践。
解决办法
安装插件:「SSH Pipeline Steps」
然后,在Jenkins Pipeline中使用如下代码:
def remote = [:] remote.name = 'test' remote.host = 'test.domain.com' remote.user = 'root' remote.password = 'password' remote.allowAnyHosts = true sshCommand remote: remote, command: "ls -lrt"
但安全性较低:因为密码不应该直接进行编码,而是应该是创建Credentials后,再使用代码获取。如下示例:
// 注意,我们这里跳过了创建Credentials的方法
// 在Jenkinsfile中
withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: "Your-Credentials-Id", usernameVariable: "username", passwordVariable: "password")]) {
def remote = [:]
remote.name = 'test'
remote.host = 'test.domain.com'
remote.user = username
remote.password = password
remote.allowAnyHosts = true
sshCommand remote: remote, command: "ls -lrt"
}
// 在共享库中有点不同
//「共享库」与「Jenkinsfile」二者是有差别的。主要在于对变量的理解上。 由withCredentials生成
// 的变量是位于环境中的,所以要到env中获取。
class Foo {
Script pipeline // 在Jenkinsfile中,以new Foo(this)的形式实例化
Foo(Script pipeline) {
this.pipeline = pipeline
}
public void bar() {
this.pipeline.withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: "Your-Credentials-Id", usernameVariable: "username", passwordVariable: "password")]) {
def remote = [:]
remote.name = 'test'
remote.host = 'test.domain.com'
remote.user = this.pipeline.env.username // 变量是注入到环境变量中的
remote.password = this.pipeline.env.password // 变量是注入到环境变量中的
remote.allowAnyHosts = true
sshCommand remote: remote, command: "ls -lrt"
}
}
}
当然支持SSH私钥访问:
def remote = [:]
remote.name = "node-1"
remote.host = "10.000.000.153"
remote.allowAnyHosts = true
node {
withCredentials([sshUserPrivateKey(credentialsId: 'sshUser', keyFileVariable: 'identity', passphraseVariable: '', usernameVariable: 'userName')]) {
remote.user = userName
remote.identityFile = identity
stage("SSH Steps Rocks!") {
writeFile file: 'abc.sh', text: 'ls'
sshCommand remote: remote, command: 'for i in {1..5}; do echo -n \"Loop \$i \"; date ; sleep 1; done'
}
}
}
(注意,上一个示例中「Jenkinsfile」与「共享库」的差别,这里不再展开)
相关链接
手册:Pipeline Steps Reference/SSH Pipeline Steps
示例:GitHub/jenkinsci/ssh-steps-plugin
另外,还需要了解以下「Credentials Binding」插件,及对应的「Pipeline Steps Reference/Credentials Binding Plugin」手册,该插件负责获取Jenkins中配置的各种Credentials信息,以提高Pipeline的安全性及可移植性。
参考文献
WikiNotes/SSH
Pipeline Steps Reference/SSH Pipeline Steps
SSH Steps for Jenkins Pipeline
