jenkins 如何发布k8s项目-1

一环境准备

1.1 外部环境准备

1 docker仓库，harbor我这里用的是线上的hub https://hub.docker.com/ 自己注册即可
2 准备git仓库，我这里用的是码云 https://gitee.com/huningfei/java.git
3 准备好k8s环境，一主两从，可以二进制安装，也可以kubeadmin安装，k8s版本1.15，

4 准备好jenkins环境，（我是利用jenkins.war包直接部署的，也可以用k8s部署jenkins）

1.2 jenkins环境准备

1 安装Kubernetes,Kubernetes Continuous Deploy 和git，pipeline 安装这几个插件

2 在jenkins服务器上面安装maven和docker环境。

yum install maven
# install docker
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
  yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
   curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io
  systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
 
 # 还需要注意一点，如果你的jenkins是用普通用户启动的，当构建的时候可能会提示权限问题， 要改一下/var/run/docker.sock  这个文件的权限

二 设置jenkins

1 设置jenkins去连接k8s api

1.1 kubeadmin方式

Configure system
系统管理---系统设置-cloud

如下图所示

1.1.1 kubernetes 服务证书从哪里来？

如果是kubeadmin部署的k8s,就比较麻烦，进入到 /etc/kubernetes目录下面打开admin.conf配置文件，文件中有三个值 certificate-authority-data 、 client-key-data ,client-certificate-data 分别用这三部分生成证书，这里我把生成的证书都放到了tmp目录下面,切记顺序不能乱

echo 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 | base64 -d > /tmp/ca.crt

echo 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  | base64 -d > /tmp/client.key

echo LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSUM4ekNDQWR1Z0F3SUJBZ0lJZVVLY0NoaXNBRTR3RFFZSktvWklodmNOQVFFTEJRQXdGVEVUTUJFR0ExVUUKQXhNS2EzVmlaWEp1WlhSbGN6QWVGdzB4T1RFeU1qVXdPREV4TlRkYUZ3MHlNREV5TWpRd09ERXlNREZhTURVeApGVEFUQmdOVkJBb1RESE41YzNSbGJUcHViMlJsY3pFY01Cb0dBMVVFQXhNVGMzbHpkR1Z0T201dlpHVTZjMkZ6CmN6QXdNVENDQVNJd0RRWUpLb1pJaHZjTkFRRUJCUUFEZ2dFUEFEQ0NBUW9DZ2dFQkFNenlSV0RnRmhINk1WL00KN2w3K1lYRHpRaW1kVkJjUTJzenNrVzkyWDdWakVuei9lRHI3cHphNWN0SWJtemk5cFpHV0Z0NzA2SUpac1c0awppYlpmQjkrNmNySnE4NTlrZGpTdCtuUlhmR2w5Y2ZkMnN5cFZmbGROc1owQkpNVlh2OGtFV3VQdzFFdTFEOERiCmp2UW1nbEk5Vm9MRlBxYTlPRVR3Mmw0b1RsQzNiYWtOb3lja1hjWVVnRHdOTzBWM1BhMmlmTjk5YWdLaENBU0wKNVo4MWFMTjFzMkNHa3R1c0tEZk1SNHZvakt4VG8zVmJzTitQSXFEVngwQlo0bVBMQlNETTU1Qmd3WW5JSE1CawpkOFhSZDBuYjFwN1ZYZ2kzbDFRSXYyL2ZqVk5BSDRnNy9lcFBoRVR6d2NqMGZtSzlSbFpqSElLWitBaUtZaUVIClpyaVlhZ1VDQXdFQUFhTW5NQ1V3RGdZRFZSMFBBUUgvQkFRREFnV2dNQk1HQTFVZEpRUU1NQW9HQ0NzR0FRVUYKQndNQ01BMEdDU3FHU0liM0RRRUJDd1VBQTRJQkFRQkpaWlh5SEdhM1BMb1Rtb0I4RmtMRDN4OHRBTk9oRW8vMQozY0lBZ1NsMFd0SFU3Lzh0Wlo5alBIa3djNWZCeE94Uk5lZk4wWVdoSUR4UFFmSkZwWlEyL0JxTmw1dnpRNGlICko4ZGJZblJxTmcyYWJWUHQvdEtERGtKanBNQ2U4LzlJbFFZY3M5L0gxVUtpaW5WOHFPUmwvKzBvTFFDdkRMRzcKYWdXc1pMb3M1MWVWM3Z3WnBzSTZvSFNSVlFuaTZLVXc3RnJpUWNtYS94WkVweitPWlBlUFBrZVUzQXR2OXQyRQpWcHhDNlZudkMvaWJZU2xEWENmU1lYeEZNZFh2bzQxamgvSk11QU1KRGZqRDJOODM4TFhVMVd3d1hqUHRQUWFICllsbEtENjhoRmoycTJVR0xOMUZqSDZSMEJxeDV2cTkrRUNBQW5GOVgwYU9KYlpxdnVmNDgKLS0tLS1FTkQgQ0VSVElGSUNBVEUtLS0tLQo= | base64 -d > /tmp/client.crt

然后到tmp目录，在生成一个ca.crt证书和一个cert.pfx

openssl pkcs12 -export -out cert.pfx -inkey client.key -in client.crt -certfile ca.crt
 生成一个pfx的证书，会提示你输入密码 111

然后将ca.crt里面的内容放到jenkisn服务证书key的地方即可。

1.1.2 添加凭据
点击add,选择kind类型，然后上传你刚才生成的cert.pfx这个证书，并且输入刚才的密码

最终去测试jenkins能否连接成功，如图

1.2 pod类型的jenkins(这个是最简单的)

如果你的jenkins是直接部署在k8s之内的，就比较简单，不需要填写证书，直接这样，如图

1.3 二进制类安装的k8s

如果你是用的二进制安装的k8s,这个证书在安装过程中，会产生，我测试了用ca.pem和server.pem发现都可以连接，并且不需要添加凭据。

2 添加凭据

找到这个，点击进去

要添加的凭据有docker_hub,gitlab,k8s_auth
其中k8s_auth添加的办法是，如下图：

添加完成之后，去凭据里面查看即可

三 发布k8s项目-kubeconfigId方法

脚本内容如下:

// 公共
def registry = "huningfei"
// 项目
def project = "welcome"
def app_name = "demo"
def image_name = "${registry}/${project}:${BUILD_NUMBER}"
def git_address = "https://gitee.com/huningfei/java.git"
// 认证
def secret_name = "registry-pull-secret"
def docker_registry_auth = "450fb8b4-62c9-43fe-8a69-ec30705e724e"
def git_auth = "b363af0f-a96c-465c-a14e-60f7127727eb"
def k8s_auth = "a60b4b7f-2aef-4622-94a5-6efef67c4ac9"


  node(){
      // 第一步
      stage('拉取代码'){
         checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: '${Branch}']], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: "${git_auth}", url: "${git_address}"]]])
      }
      // 第二步
      stage('代码编译'){
          sh "mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true"
      }
      // 第三步
      stage('构建镜像'){
          withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: "${docker_registry_auth}", passwordVariable: 'password', usernameVariable: 'username')]) {
            sh """
              echo '
                FROM lizhenliang/tomcat 
                RUN rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/*
                ADD target/*.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT.war 
              ' > Dockerfile
              docker build -t ${image_name} .
              docker login -u ${username} -p '${password}'
              docker push ${image_name}
            """
            }
      }
      // 第四步
      stage('部署到K8S平台'){
          sh """
          sed -i 's#\$IMAGE_NAME#${image_name}#' deploy.yml
          sed -i 's#\$SECRET_NAME#${secret_name}#' deploy.yml
          """
          kubernetesDeploy configs: 'deploy.yml', kubeconfigId: "${k8s_auth}"
      }
  }

注意： 脚本里面的deploy.yml是部署k8s的文件，这个文件必须存到gitlab仓库里面就是要跟代码在同一级目录里面，内容如下：

---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: java-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: java-demo 
    spec:
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: $SECRET_NAME 
      containers:
      - name: tomcat 
        image: $IMAGE_NAME 
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          name: web
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 12
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 12


---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: java-demo 
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080

---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: web 
spec:
  rules:
  - host: demo2.java.sanwenqian.cn
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: web 
          servicePort: 80

四 构建项目

这里要说明一下，19年12月，按照此方法是成功的，但是最近再次做的时候，发现一直报错，信息如下：

这个信息是说deploy.yml这个文件格式有错误，但是我手动apply 的时候却是正常的，就是说只有用jenkins的时候会有这个错误，期间换过k8s和jenkins版本，但最终都是这个错误，因此并没有解决，不知有哪位遇到过这个问题？

五 第二种办法-用kubeconfig方法，这种方法就不用kubeconfig这种证书的方式了

1 安装jekins插件-Kubernetes CLI Plugin

找到k8s的秘钥证书-certificate-authority-data

首先去/root/.kube 打开config这个文件，找到下面的

然后echo xxxxx | base64 -d > /tmp/ca.crt 生成证书

用证书去生成连接k8s的kubeconfig,如下图
点击下面的generate pieline script 就会生成部署的语句。

3 pipeline语句

注意下面的serverUrl 这个，你的jenkins必须能和这个地址通信，

def registry = "huningfei"
// 项目
def project = "welcome"
def app_name = "demo"
def image_name = "${registry}/${project}:${BUILD_NUMBER}"
def git_address = "https://gitee.com/huningfei/java.git"
// 认证
def secret_name = "registry-pull-secret"
def docker_registry_auth = "e9a6d521-6b42-4892-96c5-f7b675039fb6"
def git_auth = "e043a097-5ad8-4ec4-a2d9-df27e8debfc4"
def k8s_auth = "4bb069f6-36ce-4257-bef3-1c3b2c86ceee"


  node(){
      // 第一步
      stage('拉取代码'){
         checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: '${Branch}']], userRemoteConfigs: [[credentialsId: "${git_auth}", url: "${git_address}"]]])
      }
      // 第二步
      stage('代码编译'){
          sh "mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true"
          
      }
      // 第三步
      stage('构建镜像'){
          withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: "${docker_registry_auth}", passwordVariable: 'password', usernameVariable: 'username')]) {
           sh """
              echo '
                FROM lizhenliang/tomcat 
                RUN rm -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/*
                ADD target/*.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT.war 
              ' > Dockerfile
              docker build -t ${image_name} .
              docker login -u ${username} -p '${password}'
              docker push ${image_name}
            """
            }
      }
      // 第四步
      stage('部署到K8S平台'){
      
                 	kubeconfig(caCertificate: '''-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----''', credentialsId: '560a5481-119c-402f-b01b-60acc0efe216', serverUrl: 'https://172.29.251.182:6443') {
    // some block
    sh """
      sed -i 's#\$IMAGE_NAME#${image_name}#' deploy.yml
     kubectl apply -f deploy.yml
    """
}

       
         
        }
   }

最后构建即可

最后效果如下