linux系统中的硬盘如何利用？
硬盘磁盘分区（可选）→格式化→挂载→使用
硬盘磁盘分区的目的是为了将大的硬盘划分为大小不同的存储单元。
1、在虚拟中添加一块硬盘
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# pwd /dev [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# find sd* sda sda1 sda2 sdb
2、使用fdisk命令对硬盘/dev/sdb进行磁盘分区
fdisk命令采用交互式命令对硬盘进行磁盘分区，fdisk命令中的常用参数如下表：
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# fdisk /dev/sdb ## fdisk + 硬盘 Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe287b3a9. Command (m for help): p ## 此处输入p查看分区信息 Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe287b3a9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n ## 输入n添加磁盘分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p ## 输入p表示创建主分区 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 ## 输入主分区编号 First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): ## 此处输入最靠前的空闲扇区的位置，直接回车，选择默认 Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G ## 此处表示划分的磁盘分区大小为2G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): p ## 查看分区信息 Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe287b3a9 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux Command (m for help): w ## w表示保存并退出 The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
3、在/dev目录中查看磁盘分区
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# pwd /dev [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# find sd* sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdb1
4、对磁盘分区进行格式化（指定文件系统）
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=131072 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=524288, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
5、挂载
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mkdir /devide [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# mount /dev/sdb1 /devide/ [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/rhel-root 18G 2.9G 15G 17% / devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev tmpfs 994M 140K 994M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 994M 8.8M 986M 1% /run tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 497M 119M 379M 24% /boot /dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64 /dev/sdb1 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /devide
6、设为开机自动启动
[root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Nov 5 15:23:01 2020 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1 UUID=0ba20ae9-dd51-459f-ac48-7f7e81385eb8 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# echo -e "/dev/sdb1\t/devide\txfs\tdefaults\t0\t0" >> /etc/fstab [root@PC1linuxprobe dev]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Nov 5 15:23:01 2020 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 1 1 UUID=0ba20ae9-dd51-459f-ac48-7f7e81385eb8 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /devide xfs defaults 0 0
总结，磁盘分区应用：
- 使用fdisk采用交互式命令进行磁盘分区，示例：fdisk /dev/sdb
- 对磁盘分区格式化，制动文件系统类型，示例：mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
- 挂载使用，示例：mount /dev/sdb1 /mountpoint
- 设为开机自动挂载