CDH5.16.X启用Kerberos

 

1

• 内容概述：

1.如何安装及配置KDC服务

2.如何通过CDH启用Kerberos

3.如何登录Kerberos并访问Hadoop相关服务

4.总结

• 测试环境：

1.操作系统：Redhat7.4

2.CDH5.16.1

3.采用root用户进行操作

2

KDC服务安装及配置

本文档中将KDC服务安装在Cloudera Manager Server所在服务器上（KDC服务可根据自己需要安装在其他服务器）

1.在Cloudera Manager服务器上安装KDC服务

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ yum -y install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation

2.修改/etc/krb5.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ vim /etc/krb5.conf # Configuration snippets may be placed in this directory as well includedir /etc/krb5.conf.d/ [logging] default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log [libdefaults] dns_lookup_realm = false ticket_lifetime = 24h renew_lifetime = 7d forwardable = true rdns = false default_realm = FAYSON.COM #default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid} [realms] FAYSON.COM = { kdc = ip-172-31-13-38.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal admin_server = ip-172-31-13-38.ap-southeast-1.compute.internal } [domain_realm] .ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM ap-southeast-1.compute.internal = FAYSON.COM

标红部分为需要修改的信息。

3.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl配置

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl */[e-mail] *

4.修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf配置

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ vim /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf [kdcdefaults] kdc_ports = 88 kdc_tcp_ports = 88 [realms] FAYSON.COM = { #master_key_type = aes256-cts acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hma c:normal camellia256-cts:normal camellia128-cts:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:norm al des-cbc-crc:normal }

 

5.创建Kerberos数据库

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kdb5_util create –r FAYSON.COM -s Loading random data Initializing database '/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/principal' for realm 'FAYSON.COM', master key name 'K/[e-mail]' You will be prompted for the database Master Password. It is important that you NOT FORGET this password. Enter KDC database master key: Re-enter KDC database master key to verify: [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ 

此处需要输入Kerberos数据库的密码。

6.创建Kerberos的管理账号

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kadmin.local Authenticating as principal root/[e-mail] with password. kadmin.local: addprinc admin/[e-mail] WARNING: no policy specified for admin/[e-mail]; defaulting to no policy Enter password for principal "admin/[e-mail]": Re-enter password for principal "admin/[e-mail]": Principal "admin/[e-mail]" created. kadmin.local: exit [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ 

标红部分为Kerberos管理员账号，需要输入管理员密码。

7.将Kerberos服务添加到自启动服务，并启动krb5kdc和kadmin服务

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl enable krb5kdc [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl enable kadmin [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl start krb5kdc [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ systemctl start kadmin

8.测试Kerberos的管理员账号

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]# kinit admin/[e-mail] Password for admin/[e-mail]: [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]# klist Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0 Default principal: admin/[e-mail] Valid starting Expires Service principal 12/09/2018 02:52:21 12/10/2018 02:52:21 krbtgt/[e-mail] renew until 12/16/2018 02:52:21 

9.为集群安装所有Kerberos客户端，包括Cloudera Manager

使用批处理脚本为集群所有节点安装Kerberos客户端

[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list 'yum -y install krb5-libs krb5-workstation'

10.在Cloudera Manager Server服务器上安装额外的包

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ yum -y install openldap-clients

11.将KDC Server上的krb5.conf文件拷贝到所有Kerberos客户端

使用批处理脚本将Kerberos服务端的krb5.conf配置文件拷贝至集群所有节点的/etc目录下：

[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh bk_cp.sh node.list /etc/krb5.conf /etc/

3

CDH集群启用Kerberos

1.在KDC中给Cloudera Manager添加管理员账号

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kadmin.local Authenticating as principal root/[e-mail] with password. kadmin.local: addprinc cloudera-scm/[e-mail] WARNING: no policy specified for cloudera-scm/[e-mail]; defaulting to no policy Enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/[e-mail]": Re-enter password for principal "cloudera-scm/[e-mail]": Principal "cloudera-scm/[e-mail]" created. kadmin.local: exit [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ 

2.进入Cloudera Manager的“管理”à“安全”界面

3.选择“启用Kerberos”，进入如下界面

4.确保如下列出的所有检查项都已完成

5.点击“继续”，配置相关的KDC信息，包括类型、KDC服务器、KDC Realm、加密类型以及待创建的Service Principal（hdfs，yarn,，hbase，hive等）的更新生命期等

6.不建议让Cloudera Manager来管理krb5.conf, 点击“继续”

7.输入Cloudera Manager的Kerbers管理员账号，一定得和之前创建的账号一致，点击“继续”

8.点击“继续”启用Kerberos

9.Kerberos启用完成，点击“继续”

10.勾选重启集群，点击“继续”

11.集群重启完成，点击“继续”

12.点击“继续”

点击“完成”，至此已成功启用Kerberos。

4

Kerberos使用

使用fayson用户运行MapReduce任务及操作Hive，需要在集群所有节点创建fayson用户。

1.使用kadmin创建一个fayson的principal

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kadmin.local Authenticating as principal root/[e-mail] with password. kadmin.local: addprinc [e-mail] WARNING: no policy specified for [e-mail]; defaulting to no policy Enter password for principal "[e-mail]": Re-enter password for principal "[e-mail]": Principal "[e-mail]" created. kadmin.local: 

2.使用fayson用户登录Kerberos

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kdestroy [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ kinit fayson [root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ klist

3.在集群所有节点添加fayson用户

使用批量脚本在所有节点添加fayson用户

[root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "useradd fayson" [root@ip-172-31-16-68 shell]# sh ssh_do_all.sh node.list "id fayson"

4.运行MapReduce作业

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 ~]$ hadoop jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce/hadoop-examples.jar pi 10 1

5.使用beeline连接hive进行测试

[root@ip-172-31-13-38 shell]# beeline Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[e-mail] scan complete in 1ms Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[e-mail] Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.16.1) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables; INFO : Compiling command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147): show tables INFO : Semantic Analysis Completed INFO : Returning Hive schema: Schema(fieldSchemas:[FieldSchema(name:tab_name, type:string, comment:from deserializer)], properties:null) INFO : Completed compiling command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147); Time taken: 0.518 seconds INFO : Executing command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147): show tables INFO : Starting task [Stage-0:DDL] in serial mode INFO : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20181209031313_dacae423-c8b3-4c81-bf62-d7b0903ec147); Time taken: 0.053 seconds INFO : OK +---------------------+--+ | tab_name | +---------------------+--+ | kudu_decimal_table | +---------------------+--+ 1 row selected (1.933 seconds)

创建一个test表

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create table test(id int, name string);

向test表中插入数据

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> insert into test values(1, 'fayson');

执行一个Count语句

0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test;

5

常见问题

1.使用Kerberos用户身份运行MapReduce作业报错

main : run as user is fayson main : requested yarn user is fayson Requested user fayson is not whitelisted and has id 501,which is below the minimum allowed 1000 Failing this attempt. Failing the application. 17/09/02 20:05:04 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 0 Job Finished in 6.184 seconds java.io.FileNotFoundException: File does not exist: hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148:8020/user/fayson/QuasiMonteCarlo_1504382696029_1308422444/out/reduce-out at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1266) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem$20.doCall(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258) at org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystemLinkResolver.resolve(FileSystemLinkResolver.java:81) at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem.getFileStatus(DistributedFileSystem.java:1258) at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1820) at org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile$Reader.<init>(SequenceFile.java:1844) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.estimatePi(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:314) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.run(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:354) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner.run(ToolRunner.java:70) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.QuasiMonteCarlo.main(QuasiMonteCarlo.java:363) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver$ProgramDescription.invoke(ProgramDriver.java:71) at org.apache.hadoop.util.ProgramDriver.run(ProgramDriver.java:144) at org.apache.hadoop.examples.ExampleDriver.main(ExampleDriver.java:74) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

问题原因：是由于Yarn限制了用户id小于1000的用户提交作业；

解决方法：修改Yarn的min.user.id来解决

2.进行kinit操作后，执行MR作业报“User fayson not found”

问题原因：在集群的节点上没有fayson这个用户

解决方法：需要在集群所有节点添加fayson用户

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总结

• 在CDH集群中启用Kerberos需要先安装Kerberos服务（krb5kdc和kadmin服务）
• 在集群所有节点需要安装Kerberos客户端，用于和kdc服务通信
• 在Cloudera Manager Server节点需要额外安装openldap-clients包
• CDH集群启用Kerberos后，使用自己定义的fayson用户向集群提交作业需确保集群所有节点的操作系统中存在fayson用户，否则作业会执行失败