Linux最小系统移植之早期打印CONFIG_DEBUG_LL【转】


转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/vedic/p/10737453.html

一、几个关键宏定义

  CONFIG_DEBUG_LL、 CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE

  容我慢慢道来, 首先要使能早期打印, menuconfig必须选中CONFIG_DEBUG_LL, 我们再慢慢梳理其他所以宏及代码

/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/kernel/Makefile */ obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) += debug.o obj-$(CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK) += early_printk.o

 

  我们选中“Kernel low-level debugging functions (read help!)” 在linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/Kconfig.debug 中就是DEBUG_LL

  在这个选项中发现还有个依赖的子菜单“Kernel low-level debugging port”, 里面有一堆宏定义如AT91_DEBUG_LL_DBGU0、AT91_DEBUG_LL_DBGU1、

 

  这几个子选项用来干嘛呢?  一是代码文件debug.S(obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_LL) += debug.o) 会根据子宏定义走不同的分支; 二是这个代码里会引用宏CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE,

这个宏在“linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/Kconfig.debug”中定义如下:

  看到没? 子选项定义的DEBUG_BCM2835 在DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE中被依赖了, 也就是我们移植一个新平台, 需要在子选项定义新的宏, 然后在这添加依赖这个新宏对应的文件, 我们现在就这么做:

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/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/Kconfig.debug */ choice prompt "Kernel low-level debugging port" depends on DEBUG_LL + config VEDIC_DEBUG_LL + bool "I just add a test macro" config AT91_DEBUG_LL_DBGU0 bool "Kernel low-level debugging on rm9200, 9260/9g20, 9261/9g10 and 9rl" depends on HAVE_AT91_DBGU0 config DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE string + default "debug/vedic.S" if VEDIC_DEBUG_LL default "debug/bcm2835.S" if DEBUG_BCM2835 default "debug/cns3xxx.S" if DEBUG_CNS3XXX
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接下来我们在menuconfig选中VEDIC_DEBUG_LL宏和添加新文件vedic.S, 如下:

/* linux-3.10.65/.config */ +CONFIG_DEBUG_LL=y +CONFIG_VEDIC_DEBUG_LL=y +CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE="debug/vedic.S"

  那这个vedic.S该怎么写呢? 我们看同目录下(linux-3.10.65/arch//arm/include/debug/)bcm2835.S文件写了什么:

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/* * Debugging macro include header * * Copyright (C) 2010 Broadcom * Copyright (C) 1994-1999 Russell King * Moved from linux/arch/arm/kernel/debug.S by Ben Dooks * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as * published by the Free Software Foundation. * */ #define BCM2835_DEBUG_PHYS 0x20201000 #define BCM2835_DEBUG_VIRT 0xf0201000 .macro addruart, rp, rv, tmp ldr \rp, =BCM2835_DEBUG_PHYS ldr \rv, =BCM2835_DEBUG_VIRT .endm #include <asm/hardware/debug-pl01x.S>
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  没错, 就是提供一个函数而已 -> addruart(rp, rv, tmp) , 其实就是返回参数 -- 串口物理地址和串口虚拟地址, 为什么要提供虚拟地址呢? 因为在kernel C语言的第一个入口start_kernel()时, 汇编期间已经开启了MMU, CPU取的都是

虚拟地址; 该函数只是返回地址而已, 如果是开启MMU,返回虚拟地址还不够, 还要事前构建好页表, 不然根据虚拟地址也找不到物理地址。 至于具体在哪里构建页表, 待会说, 根据我目前的硬件平台, 提供文件代码如下:

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/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/include/debug/vedic.S * phy_addr is fixed of hardware, but virt_addr? Why 0xF5368000 */ #define VEDIC_DEBUG_PHYS 0x70400000 #define VEDIC_DEBUG_VIRT 0xF5368000 .macro addruart, rp, rv, tmp ldr \rp, =VEDIC_DEBUG_PHYS ldr \rv, =VEDIC_DEBUG_VIRT .endm
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 二、源码分析

  为方便待会分批解释功能我先贴出debug.S源码:

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  1 /*  2  * linux/arch/arm/kernel/debug.S  3  *  4  * Copyright (C) 1994-1999 Russell King  5  *  6  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  7  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as  8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  9  *  10  * 32-bit debugging code  11 */  12 #include <linux/linkage.h>  13 #include <asm/assembler.h>  14  15  .text  16  17 /*  18  * Some debugging routines (useful if you've got MM problems and  19  * printk isn't working). For DEBUGGING ONLY!!! Do not leave  20  * references to these in a production kernel!  21 */  22  23 #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING)  24 #include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE  25 #endif  26  27 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU  28  .macro addruart_current, rx, tmp1, tmp2  29  addruart \tmp1, \tmp2, \rx  30 mrc p15, 0, \rx, c1, c0  31 tst \rx, #1  32  moveq \rx, \tmp1  33  movne \rx, \tmp2  34  .endm  35  36 #else /* !CONFIG_MMU */  37  .macro addruart_current, rx, tmp1, tmp2  38  addruart \rx, \tmp1  39  .endm  40  41 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */  42  43 /*  44  * Useful debugging routines  45 */  46 ENTRY(printhex8)  47 mov r1, #8  48  b printhex  49 ENDPROC(printhex8)  50  51 ENTRY(printhex4)  52 mov r1, #4  53  b printhex  54 ENDPROC(printhex4)  55  56 ENTRY(printhex2)  57 mov r1, #2  58 printhex: adr r2, hexbuf  59  add r3, r2, r1  60 mov r1, #0  61  strb r1, [r3]  62 1: and r1, r0, #15  63 mov r0, r0, lsr #4  64 cmp r1, #10  65 addlt r1, r1, #'0'  66 addge r1, r1, #'a' - 10  67 strb r1, [r3, #-1]!  68  teq r3, r2  69  bne 1b  70  mov r0, r2  71  b printascii  72 ENDPROC(printhex2)  73  74 hexbuf: .space 16  75  76  .ltorg  77  78 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING  79  80 ENTRY(printascii)  81  addruart_current r3, r1, r2  82  b 2f  83 1: waituart r2, r3  84  senduart r1, r3  85  busyuart r2, r3  86 teq r1, #'\n'  87 moveq r1, #'\r'  88  beq 1b  89 2: teq r0, #0  90 ldrneb r1, [r0], #1  91 teqne r1, #0  92  bne 1b  93  mov pc, lr  94 ENDPROC(printascii)  95  96 ENTRY(printch)  97  addruart_current r3, r1, r2  98  mov r1, r0  99 mov r0, #0 100  b 1b 101 ENDPROC(printch) 102 103 #ifdef CONFIG_MMU 104 ENTRY(debug_ll_addr) 105  addruart r2, r3, ip 106  str r2, [r0] 107  str r3, [r1] 108  mov pc, lr 109 ENDPROC(debug_ll_addr) 110 #endif 111 112 #else 113 114 ENTRY(printascii) 115  mov r1, r0 116 mov r0, #0x04 @ SYS_WRITE0 117 ARM( svc #0x123456 ) 118 THUMB( svc #0xab ) 119  mov pc, lr 120 ENDPROC(printascii) 121 122 ENTRY(printch) 123  adr r1, hexbuf 124  strb r0, [r1] 125 mov r0, #0x03 @ SYS_WRITEC 126 ARM( svc #0x123456 ) 127 THUMB( svc #0xab ) 128  mov pc, lr 129 ENDPROC(printch) 130 131 ENTRY(debug_ll_addr) 132 mov r2, #0 133  str r2, [r0] 134  str r2, [r1] 135  mov pc, lr 136 ENDPROC(debug_ll_addr) 137 138 #endif
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具体分析如下:
1. #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING) #include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE #endif ---> 因为没有定义CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING, 所以包含了CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE=linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/include/debug/vedic.S, 也即提供addruart()功能 2. #ifdef CONFIG_MMU .macro addruart_current, rx, tmp1, tmp2 addruart \tmp1, \tmp2, \rx mrc p15, 0, \rx, c1, c0 tst \rx, #1 moveq \rx, \tmp1 movne \rx, \tmp2 .endm #else /* !CONFIG_MMU */ .macro addruart_current, rx, tmp1, tmp2 addruart \rx, \tmp1 .endm #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */ ---> 注意参数的位置!addruart()第一个参数是返回物理地址, 第二个是返回虚拟地址, 第三个不用 addruart_current(rx, tmp1, tmp2) rx是返回串口地址,至于是物理地址还是虚拟地址做了判断, 如果没有开MMU, 当然rx是物理地址,所以直接 将rx作为addruart()第一个参数, 如果使能MMU可以直接返回虚拟地址, 但开发者可能为保险起见, 判断p15协处理器硬件是否真的开启MMU, 如果开启就返回虚拟地址rx=tmp2, 不然返回物理地址rx=tmp1 3. ENTRY(printascii) addruart_current r3, r1, r2 b 2f /* 先跳转到2,把要打印的值放置r1 */ 1: waituart r2, r3 senduart r1, r3 busyuart r2, r3 teq r1, #'\n' moveq r1, #'\r' beq 1b 2: teq r0, #0 ldrneb r1, [r0], #1 /* r0存放的是要打印字符内存地址, 该指令是加载r0地址上的值,取一个byte到r1, 同时r0偏移1个byte */ teqne r1, #0 bne 1b mov pc, lr ENDPROC(printascii) ENTRY(printch) addruart_current r3, r1, r2 mov r1, r0 mov r0, #0 b 1b ENDPROC(printch) ---> 这段汇编提供两个函数功能, 打印字符串printascii(), 和打印字符printch(), 这里需要再提供waituart() senduart() busyuart() 所以我们要在vedic.S提供这三个函数 4. #ifdef CONFIG_MMU ENTRY(debug_ll_addr) addruart r2, r3, ip str r2, [r0] str r3, [r1] mov pc, lr ENDPROC(debug_ll_addr) #endif ---> 这个函数其实就是将串口物理地址赋值给参数0, 虚拟地址赋值给参数1, 其C定义的含义为: #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL extern void debug_ll_addr(unsigned long *paddr, unsigned long *vaddr); extern void debug_ll_io_init(void); #else static inline void debug_ll_io_init(void) {} #endif 可以理解debug_ll_addr()等效于addruart(), 那谁用这个功能呢? 在linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/mmu.c: #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL void __init debug_ll_io_init(void) { struct map_desc map; debug_ll_addr(&map.pfn, &map.virtual); if (!map.pfn || !map.virtual) return; map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(map.pfn); map.virtual &= PAGE_MASK; map.length = PAGE_SIZE; map.type = MT_DEVICE; create_mapping(&map, false); } #endif 没错, debug_ll_io_init()就是构建串口虚拟地址和物理地址页表, 一般放在 machine_desc.map_io: static void __init zynq_map_io(void) { debug_ll_io_init(); zynq_scu_map_io(); } MACHINE_START(XILINX_EP107, "Xilinx Zynq Platform") .smp = smp_ops(zynq_smp_ops), . setup_arch() -> paging_init() -> devicemaps_init() ->mdesc->map_io() 从这里可以看出, 要使用printascii(), printch()功能必须在setup_arch()执行之后,因为之前页表都没有建立访问虚拟地址压根找不到物理地址 很明显跑到start_kernel()时已经开启MMU了,我就想在start_kernel()时就立马打印log出来, 当操作虚拟地址时由于页表没建立串口的映射导致系统Oops 这是非常不好的用户体验!串口虽然是device, 应该归属devicemaps_init(), 但由于它的特殊性, 我们希望这块映射越早越好, 因此稍微新的内核版本 都把这块映射放置在汇编阶段: linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/kernel/head.s __create_page_tables: #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL #if !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC) && !defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING) /* * Map in IO space for serial debugging. * This allows debug messages to be output * via a serial console before paging_init. */ addruart r7, r3, r0 mov r3, r3, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT mov r3, r3, lsl #PMD_ORDER add r0, r4, r3 mov r3, r7, lsr #SECTION_SHIFT ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags orr r3, r7, r3, lsl #SECTION_SHIFT #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE mov r7, #1 << (54 - 32) @ XN #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ENDIAN_BE8 str r7, [r0], #4 str r3, [r0], #4 #else str r3, [r0], #4 str r7, [r0], #4 #endif #else orr r3, r3, #PMD_SECT_XN str r3, [r0], #4 #endif #else /* CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC || CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING */ /* we don't need any serial debugging mappings */ ldr r7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags #endif 其他平台串口需要特殊映射的..... #endif Now,汇编阶段映射好页表, 然后跳转到start_kernel()就可以立马使用printascii(), 同时mdesc->map_io也
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/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/include/debug/vedic.S * phy_addr is uart base addr which fixed by hardware, but virt_addr? Why 0xF5368000 */ #define VEDIC_DEBUG_PHYS 0x70400000 #define VEDIC_DEBUG_VIRT 0xF5368000 .macro addruart, rp, rv, tmp ldr \rp, =VEDIC_DEBUG_PHYS ldr \rv, =VEDIC_DEBUG_VIRT .endm .macro senduart,rd,rx and \rd,\rd,#0xFF str \rd, [\rx, #0x00] /* tx_reg is offset 0x00 */ .endm .macro waituart,rd,rx 1: ldr \rd, [\rx, #0x0C] /* fifo_reg is offset 0x0C */ mov \rd,\rd,lsr #8 and \rd,\rd,#0x7F teq \rd, #0x00 bne 1b .endm .macro busyuart,rd,rx 2: ldr \rd, [\rx, #0x0C] mov \rd,\rd,lsr #8 and \rd,\rd,#0x7F teq \rd, #0x00 bne 2b .endm
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三、测试验证

/* linux-3.10.65/include/generated/autoconf.h */ #define CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE "debug/vedic.S"

 

 

四、压缩镜像 zImage 使能打印

  上面的调试都是解压后Image的log, 如果固件是压缩zImage呢? 如果想打印log?  我们先看一下log所在文件:

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/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.c */ static void putstr(const char *ptr) { char c; while ((c = *ptr++) != '\0') { if (c == '\n') putc('\r'); putc(c); } flush(); } void decompress_kernel(unsigned long output_start, unsigned long free_mem_ptr_p, unsigned long free_mem_ptr_end_p, int arch_id) { int ret; output_data = (unsigned char *)output_start; free_mem_ptr = free_mem_ptr_p; free_mem_end_ptr = free_mem_ptr_end_p; __machine_arch_type = arch_id; arch_decomp_setup(); putstr("Uncompressing Linux..."); ret = do_decompress(input_data, input_data_end - input_data, output_data, error); if (ret) error("decompressor returned an error"); else putstr(" done, booting the kernel.\n"); }
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  看样子最终靠putc()实现, misc.c开头包含一个宏“CONFIG_UNCOMPRESS_INCLUDE”, 定义在:

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/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/Kconfig.debug */ /* Here I delete ARCH_MULTIPLATFORM since my menuconfig does not declare config DEBUG_UNCOMPRESS bool default y if ARCH_MULTIPLATFORM && DEBUG_LL && \ !DEBUG_OMAP2PLUS_UART && \ !DEBUG_TEGRA_UART config UNCOMPRESS_INCLUDE string default "debug/uncompress.h" if ARCH_MULTIPLATFORM default "mach/uncompress.h" */ config  \ !DEBUG_OMAP2PLUS_UART && \ !DEBUG_TEGRA_UART config 
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#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_UNCOMPRESS extern void putc(int c); #else static inline void putc(int c) {} #endif static inline void flush(void) {} static inline void arch_decomp_setup(void) {}
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/* linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/boot/compressed/Makefile */ ifeq ($(CONFIG_DEBUG_UNCOMPRESS),y) OBJS += debug.o 而linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/boot/compressed/debug.S:
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#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/assembler.h> #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_SEMIHOSTING #include CONFIG_DEBUG_LL_INCLUDE ENTRY(putc) addruart r1, r2, r3 waituart r3, r1 senduart r0, r1 busyuart r3, r1 mov pc, lr ENDPROC(putc) #else ENTRY(putc) adr r1, 1f ldmia r1, {r2, r3} add r2, r2, r1 ldr r1, [r2, r3] strb r0, [r1] mov r0, #0x03 @ SYS_WRITEC ARM( svc #0x123456 ) THUMB( svc #0xab ) mov pc, lr .align 2 1: .word _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_ - . .word semi_writec_buf(GOT) ENDPROC(putc) .bss .global semi_writec_buf .type semi_writec_buf, %object semi_writec_buf: .space 4 .size semi_writec_buf, 4 #endif
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  核心思想就是选中DEBUG_UNCOMPRESS, 使其编译linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/boot/compressed/debug.S, 里面会提供putc()实现,

然后用户可以在misc.c删掉“#include CONFIG_UNCOMPRESS_INCLUDE”, 添加申明代码“extern void putc(int c);”, 或者选中

UNCOMPRESS_INCLUDE=linux-3.10.65/arch/arm/include/debug/uncompress.h 帮我们申明

  我的开机log如下:

 

 五、其他

  说起早期打印不得不提CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK, 这个可以理解为对printch()进一步的封装, 同时归属于console框架, 具备缓存数据等后期console的所有功能,与printascii() printch()最大不同在于eraly_printk()可以打印格式参数%d, %p等, 方便调试

  具体请参考另一篇博文:  Linux最小系统移植之早期打印CONFIG_EARLY_PRINTK 


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