LIBTIFF 读取tif/tiff图像

Demo程序如下：

int TestTIFFDemo()  2 {  3     //打开图像
    char* fileName = "D:/Image/Color/Beauty.tif";  5     //char* fileName = "D:/Image/Projects/ShipImage/01001.tif";  6     //char *fileName = "D:/Image/Color/Example400.tif";
    TIFF* tiff =TIFFOpen( fileName, "r");//打开Tiff文件，得到指针，以后所有的操作都通过指针进行  8 
    //获取图像参数
    int width, height; 11     TIFFGetField(tiff, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, &width); 12     TIFFGetField(tiff, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &height); 13 
    //读取图像 15     //注意：TIFFReadRGBAImage读取的通道顺序为：ABGR
    uint32* image; 17     int pixelCount = width*height; 18     image = (uint32*)malloc(pixelCount * sizeof (uint32)); 19     TIFFReadRGBAImage(tiff, width, height, image, 1); 20 
    //读取R通道 22     //由于tiff格式的图像数据与bmp图存储方式一致，是从下到上，所以读的时候，需要从下往上读
    BYTE* RImage = new BYTE[pixelCount];    //为存放数据分配内存空间
    uint32 *rowPointerToSrc = image + (height - 1)*width; 25     BYTE *rowPointerToR = RImage; 26     for (int y = height - 1; y >= 0; --y) 27  { 28         uint32 *colPointerToSrc = rowPointerToSrc; 29         BYTE *colPointerToR = rowPointerToR; 30         for (int x = 0; x <= width - 1; ++x) 31  { 32             colPointerToR[0] = (BYTE)TIFFGetR(colPointerToSrc[0]);//获取R通道 33             //TIFFGetB(colPointerToSrc[0]);//获取B通道 34             //TIFFGetG(colPointerToSrc[0]);//获取G通道

            colPointerToR++; 37             colPointerToSrc++; 38  } 39         rowPointerToSrc -= width; 40         rowPointerToR += width; 41  } 42 
    //调试 44     //这里使用了OpenCV
 Mat RImage_Mat(height, width, CV_8UC1, RImage, width); 46     imwrite("D:/111.bmp", RImage_Mat); 47 
    //释放空间
 _TIFFfree(image); 50  _TIFFfree(RImage); 51  TIFFClose(tiff); 52     return 0; 53 }

但是程序运行的时候出现了下面的警告提示

到网上找了下解决方案，都没有解决，最后，在OpenCV源码中找到了解决方案
修改后的程序如下：

//警告处理
static int grfmt_tiff_err_handler_init = 0;  3 static void GrFmtSilentTIFFErrorHandler(const char*, const char*, va_list) {}  4 int TestTIFFDemo()  5 {  6     //警告处理:防止出现unknown field with tag 33500 encountered警告
    if (!grfmt_tiff_err_handler_init)  8  {  9         grfmt_tiff_err_handler_init = 1; 10 
 TIFFSetErrorHandler(GrFmtSilentTIFFErrorHandler); 12  TIFFSetWarningHandler(GrFmtSilentTIFFErrorHandler); 13  } 14 
    //打开图像
    char* fileName = "D:/Image/Color/Beauty.tif"; 17     //char* fileName = "D:/Image/Projects/ShipImage/01001.tif"; 18     //char *fileName = "D:/Image/Color/Example400.tif";
    TIFF* tiff =TIFFOpen( fileName, "r");//打开Tiff文件，得到指针，以后所有的操作都通过指针进行 20 
    //获取图像参数
    int width, height; 23     TIFFGetField(tiff, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, &width); 24     TIFFGetField(tiff, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &height); 25 
    //读取图像 27     //注意：TIFFReadRGBAImage读取的通道顺序为：ABGR
    uint32* image; 29     int pixelCount = width*height; 30     image = (uint32*)malloc(pixelCount * sizeof (uint32)); 31     TIFFReadRGBAImage(tiff, width, height, image, 1); 32 
    //读取R通道 34     //由于tiff格式的图像数据与bmp图存储方式一致，是从下到上，所以读的时候，需要从下往上读
    BYTE* RImage = new BYTE[pixelCount];    //为存放数据分配内存空间
    uint32 *rowPointerToSrc = image + (height - 1)*width; 37     BYTE *rowPointerToR = RImage; 38     for (int y = height - 1; y >= 0; --y) 39  { 40         uint32 *colPointerToSrc = rowPointerToSrc; 41         BYTE *colPointerToR = rowPointerToR; 42         for (int x = 0; x <= width - 1; ++x) 43  { 44             colPointerToR[0] = (BYTE)TIFFGetR(colPointerToSrc[0]);//获取R通道 45             //TIFFGetB(colPointerToSrc[0]);//获取B通道 46             //TIFFGetG(colPointerToSrc[0]);//获取G通道

            colPointerToR++; 49             colPointerToSrc++; 50  } 51         rowPointerToSrc -= width; 52         rowPointerToR += width; 53  } 54 
    //调试 56     //这里使用了OpenCV
 Mat RImage_Mat(height, width, CV_8UC1, RImage, width); 58     imwrite("D:/111.bmp", RImage_Mat); 59 
    //释放空间
 _TIFFfree(image); 62  _TIFFfree(RImage); 63  TIFFClose(tiff); 64     return 0; 65 }

新程序可以正常运行了。
原图

结果图

原来是需要加入一个警告处理。

注意：
1、由于tiff格式的图像数据与bmp图存储方式一致，是从下到上，所以读的时候，需要从下往上读，否则图像会出错
2、 image = (uint32*)malloc(pixelCount * sizeof (uint32)); 如果需要申请的图像内存比较大，可以通过修改VS属性的办法申请大内存：properties->Linker->System->Heap Reserve Size

这里顺便贴出tiff的OpenCV的源码：
源码在sources\modules\imgcodecs\src\中的grfmt_tiff.hpp和grfmt_tiff.cpp中
相关源码如下：

//tif图像解码器(grfmt_tiff.hpp)
class TiffDecoder : public BaseImageDecoder  3 {  4 public:  5  TiffDecoder();  6     virtual ~TiffDecoder();  7 
    bool readHeader();  9     bool  readData( Mat& img ); 10     void close(); 11     bool nextPage(); 12 
    size_t signatureLength() const; 14     bool checkSignature( const String& signature ) const; 15     ImageDecoder newDecoder() const; 16 
protected: 18     void* m_tif; 19     int normalizeChannelsNumber(int channels) const; 20     bool readHdrData(Mat& img); 21     bool m_hdr; 22 };

其部分实现（grfmt_tiff.cpp）

#include "tiff.h"
#include "tiffio.h"

static int grfmt_tiff_err_handler_init = 0;  5 static void GrFmtSilentTIFFErrorHandler( const char*, const char*, va_list ) {}  6 
TiffDecoder::TiffDecoder()  8 {  9     m_tif = 0;  10 
    //警告处理：防止出现unknown field with tag 33500 encountered警告
    if( !grfmt_tiff_err_handler_init )  13  {  14         grfmt_tiff_err_handler_init = 1;  15 
 TIFFSetErrorHandler( GrFmtSilentTIFFErrorHandler );  17  TIFFSetWarningHandler( GrFmtSilentTIFFErrorHandler );  18  }  19     m_hdr = false;  20 }  21 

void TiffDecoder::close()  24 {  25     if( m_tif )  26  {  27         TIFF* tif = (TIFF*)m_tif;  28  TIFFClose( tif );  29         m_tif = 0;  30  }  31 }  32 
TiffDecoder::~TiffDecoder()  34 {  35  close();  36 }  37 
size_t TiffDecoder::signatureLength() const
{  40     return 4;  41 }  42 
bool TiffDecoder::checkSignature( const String& signature ) const
{  45     return signature.size() >= 4 &&
        (memcmp(signature.c_str(), fmtSignTiffII, 4) == 0 ||
        memcmp(signature.c_str(), fmtSignTiffMM, 4) == 0);  48 }  49 
int TiffDecoder::normalizeChannelsNumber(int channels) const
{  52     return channels > 4 ? 4 : channels;  53 }  54 
ImageDecoder TiffDecoder::newDecoder() const
{  57     return makePtr<TiffDecoder>();  58 }  59 
//读取文件头
bool TiffDecoder::readHeader()  62 {  63     bool result = false;  64 
    TIFF* tif = static_cast<TIFF*>(m_tif);  66     if (!m_tif)  67  {  68         // TIFFOpen() mode flags are different to fopen(). A 'b' in mode "rb" has no effect when reading.  69         // http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/man/TIFFOpen.3tiff.html
        //打开tif文件
        tif = TIFFOpen(m_filename.c_str(), "r");  72  }  73 
    if( tif )  75  {  76         uint32 wdth = 0, hght = 0;  77         uint16 photometric = 0;  78         m_tif = tif;  79 
        //获取属性
        if( TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH, &wdth ) &&
            TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH, &hght ) &&
            TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, &photometric ))  84  {  85             uint16 bpp=8, ncn = photometric > 1 ? 3 : 1;  86             TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bpp );  87             TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, &ncn );  88 
            m_width = wdth;  90             m_height = hght;  91             if((bpp == 32 && ncn == 3) || photometric == PHOTOMETRIC_LOGLUV)  92  {  93                 m_type = CV_32FC3;  94                 m_hdr = true;  95                 return true;  96  }  97             m_hdr = false;  98 
            if( bpp > 8 &&
               ((photometric != 2 && photometric != 1) ||
                (ncn != 1 && ncn != 3 && ncn != 4))) 102                 bpp = 8; 103 
            int wanted_channels = normalizeChannelsNumber(ncn); 105             switch(bpp) 106  { 107                 case 8: 108                     m_type = CV_MAKETYPE(CV_8U, photometric > 1 ? wanted_channels : 1); 109                     break; 110                 case 16: 111                     m_type = CV_MAKETYPE(CV_16U, photometric > 1 ? wanted_channels : 1); 112                     break; 113 
                case 32: 115                     m_type = CV_MAKETYPE(CV_32F, photometric > 1 ? 3 : 1); 116                     break; 117                 case 64: 118                     m_type = CV_MAKETYPE(CV_64F, photometric > 1 ? 3 : 1); 119                     break; 120 
                default: 122                     result = false; 123  } 124             result = true; 125  } 126  } 127 
    if( !result ) 129  close(); 130 
    return result; 132 } 133 
bool TiffDecoder::nextPage() 135 { 136     // Prepare the next page, if any.
    return m_tif &&
           TIFFReadDirectory(static_cast<TIFF*>(m_tif)) &&
 readHeader(); 140 } 141 
//读取图像数据
bool  TiffDecoder::readData( Mat& img ) 144 { 145     if(m_hdr && img.type() == CV_32FC3) 146  { 147         return readHdrData(img); 148  } 149     bool result = false; 150     bool color = img.channels() > 1; 151     uchar* data = img.ptr(); 152 
    if( img.depth() != CV_8U && img.depth() != CV_16U && img.depth() != CV_32F && img.depth() != CV_64F ) 154         return false; 155 
    //读图像数据
    if( m_tif && m_width && m_height ) 158  { 159         TIFF* tif = (TIFF*)m_tif; 160         uint32 tile_width0 = m_width, tile_height0 = 0; 161         int x, y, i; 162         int is_tiled = TIFFIsTiled(tif); 163  uint16 photometric; 164         TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_PHOTOMETRIC, &photometric ); 165         uint16 bpp = 8, ncn = photometric > 1 ? 3 : 1; 166         TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_BITSPERSAMPLE, &bpp ); 167         TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_SAMPLESPERPIXEL, &ncn ); 168         const int bitsPerByte = 8; 169         int dst_bpp = (int)(img.elemSize1() * bitsPerByte); 170         int wanted_channels = normalizeChannelsNumber(img.channels()); 171 
        if(dst_bpp == 8) 173  { 174             char errmsg[1024]; 175             if(!TIFFRGBAImageOK( tif, errmsg )) 176  { 177  close(); 178                 return false; 179  } 180  } 181 
        if( (!is_tiled) ||
            (is_tiled &&
            TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH, &tile_width0 ) &&
            TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH, &tile_height0 ))) 186  { 187             if(!is_tiled) 188                 TIFFGetField( tif, TIFFTAG_ROWSPERSTRIP, &tile_height0 ); 189 
            if( tile_width0 <= 0 ) 191                 tile_width0 = m_width; 192 
            if( tile_height0 <= 0 ) 194                 tile_height0 = m_height; 195 
            AutoBuffer<uchar> _buffer( size_t(8) * tile_height0*tile_width0); 197             uchar* buffer = _buffer; 198             ushort* buffer16 = (ushort*)buffer; 199             float* buffer32 = (float*)buffer; 200             double* buffer64 = (double*)buffer; 201             int tileidx = 0; 202 
            for( y = 0; y < m_height; y += tile_height0, data += img.step*tile_height0 ) 204  { 205                 int tile_height = tile_height0; 206 
                if( y + tile_height > m_height ) 208                     tile_height = m_height - y; 209 
                for( x = 0; x < m_width; x += tile_width0, tileidx++ ) 211  { 212                     int tile_width = tile_width0, ok; 213 
                    if( x + tile_width > m_width ) 215                         tile_width = m_width - x; 216 
                    switch(dst_bpp) 218  { 219                         case 8: 220  { 221                             uchar * bstart = buffer; 222                             if( !is_tiled ) 223                                 ok = TIFFReadRGBAStrip( tif, y, (uint32*)buffer ); 224                             else
 { 226                                 ok = TIFFReadRGBATile( tif, x, y, (uint32*)buffer ); 227                                 //Tiles fill the buffer from the bottom up
                                bstart += (tile_height0 - tile_height) * tile_width0 * 4; 229  } 230                             if( !ok ) 231  { 232  close(); 233                                 return false; 234  } 235 
                            for( i = 0; i < tile_height; i++ ) 237                                 if( color ) 238  { 239                                     if (wanted_channels == 4) 240  { 241                                         icvCvt_BGRA2RGBA_8u_C4R( bstart + i*tile_width0*4, 0, 242                                                              data + x*4 + img.step*(tile_height - i - 1), 0, 243                                                              cvSize(tile_width,1) ); 244  } 245                                     else
 { 247                                         icvCvt_BGRA2BGR_8u_C4C3R( bstart + i*tile_width0*4, 0, 248                                                              data + x*3 + img.step*(tile_height - i - 1), 0, 249                                                              cvSize(tile_width,1), 2 ); 250  } 251  } 252                                 else
                                    icvCvt_BGRA2Gray_8u_C4C1R( bstart + i*tile_width0*4, 0, 254                                                               data + x + img.step*(tile_height - i - 1), 0, 255                                                               cvSize(tile_width,1), 2 ); 256                             break; 257  } 258 
                        case 16: 260  { 261                             if( !is_tiled ) 262                                 ok = (int)TIFFReadEncodedStrip( tif, tileidx, (uint32*)buffer, (tsize_t)-1 ) >= 0; 263                             else
                                ok = (int)TIFFReadEncodedTile( tif, tileidx, (uint32*)buffer, (tsize_t)-1 ) >= 0; 265 
                            if( !ok ) 267  { 268  close(); 269                                 return false; 270  } 271 
                            for( i = 0; i < tile_height; i++ ) 273  { 274                                 if( color ) 275  { 276                                     if( ncn == 1 ) 277  { 278                                         icvCvt_Gray2BGR_16u_C1C3R(buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 0, 279                                                                   (ushort*)(data + img.step*i) + x*3, 0, 280                                                                   cvSize(tile_width,1) ); 281  } 282                                     else if( ncn == 3 ) 283  { 284                                         icvCvt_RGB2BGR_16u_C3R(buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 0, 285                                                                (ushort*)(data + img.step*i) + x*3, 0, 286                                                                cvSize(tile_width,1) ); 287  } 288                                     else if (ncn == 4) 289  { 290                                         if (wanted_channels == 4) 291  { 292                                             icvCvt_BGRA2RGBA_16u_C4R(buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 0, 293                                                 (ushort*)(data + img.step*i) + x * 4, 0, 294                                                 cvSize(tile_width, 1)); 295  } 296                                         else
 { 298                                             icvCvt_BGRA2BGR_16u_C4C3R(buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 0, 299                                                 (ushort*)(data + img.step*i) + x * 3, 0, 300                                                 cvSize(tile_width, 1), 2); 301  } 302  } 303                                     else
 { 305                                         icvCvt_BGRA2BGR_16u_C4C3R(buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 0, 306                                                                (ushort*)(data + img.step*i) + x*3, 0, 307                                                                cvSize(tile_width,1), 2 ); 308  } 309  } 310                                 else
 { 312                                     if( ncn == 1 ) 313  { 314                                         memcpy((ushort*)(data + img.step*i)+x, 315                                                buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 316                                                tile_width*sizeof(buffer16[0])); 317  } 318                                     else
 { 320                                         icvCvt_BGRA2Gray_16u_CnC1R(buffer16 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 0, 321                                                                (ushort*)(data + img.step*i) + x, 0, 322                                                                cvSize(tile_width,1), ncn, 2 ); 323  } 324  } 325  } 326                             break; 327  } 328 
                        case 32: 330                         case 64: 331  { 332                             if( !is_tiled ) 333                                 ok = (int)TIFFReadEncodedStrip( tif, tileidx, buffer, (tsize_t)-1 ) >= 0; 334                             else
                                ok = (int)TIFFReadEncodedTile( tif, tileidx, buffer, (tsize_t)-1 ) >= 0; 336 
                            if( !ok || ncn != 1 ) 338  { 339  close(); 340                                 return false; 341  } 342 
                            for( i = 0; i < tile_height; i++ ) 344  { 345                                 if(dst_bpp == 32) 346  { 347                                     memcpy((float*)(data + img.step*i)+x, 348                                            buffer32 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 349                                            tile_width*sizeof(buffer32[0])); 350  } 351                                 else
 { 353                                     memcpy((double*)(data + img.step*i)+x, 354                                          buffer64 + i*tile_width0*ncn, 355                                          tile_width*sizeof(buffer64[0])); 356  } 357  } 358 
                            break; 360  } 361                         default: 362  { 363  close(); 364                             return false; 365  } 366  } 367  } 368  } 369 
            result = true; 371  } 372  } 373 
    return result; 375 }

OpenCV源码真是个好东西，能够从中学习到很多优秀的编程技巧，能够帮助你解决很多问题。