配置环境：
由于配置文件默认是demoCA，这里我们按默认来
mkdir -p demoCA/{certs,crl,newcerts,private} touch demoCA/index.txt echo "01" > demoCA/serial echo "01" > demoCA/crlnumber
index.txt：openSSL定义的已签发证书的文本数据库文件，这个文件通常在初始化的时候是空的；
serial：证书签发时使用的序列号参考文件，该文件的序列号是以16进制格式进行存放的，该文件必须提供并且包含一个有效的序列号。
修改配置文件/usr/local/gmssl/openssl.cnf中“[ usr_cert ]”中的属性值
[ CA_default ]
dir = ./demoCA # Where everything is kept
[ usr_cert ]
# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
#密钥用途根据需要修改
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# keyUsage = digitalSignature
# keyUsage = keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment = "GmSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
#增加CRL分发点
crlDistributionPoints = URI:http://127.0.0.1/test.crl
#增加OCSP
extendedKeyUsage = critical, OCSPSigning
authorityInfoAccess = OCSP;URI:http:/127.0.0.1:8888
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# An alternative to produce certificates that aren't
# deprecated according to PKIX.
# subjectAltName=email:move
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
# This is required for TSA certificates.
# extendedKeyUsage = critical,timeStamping
root证书（与demoCA同级目录，下同）
gmssl ecparam -genkey -name sm2p256v1 -out Root.key gmssl req -x509 -sm3 -days 3650 -key Root.key -out RootCA.crt -subj /C="CN"/ST="Beijing"/L="Beijing"/O="Hy"/OU="hy"/CN="hyR"
注：为了不修改openssl.cnf配置文件默认设置，在生成root证书后，在demoCA文件中做一个软连接(主要为生成crl做准备，如不生成，无需做此步骤)。
cd demoCA
ln -sf ../RootCA.crt cacert.pem
cd demoCA/private
ln -sf ../../Root.key cakey.pem
ca证书
gmssl ecparam -genkey -name sm2p256v1 -out ca.key gmssl req -new -sm3 -extensions v3_req -key ca.key -out ca.csr -subj /C="CN"/ST="Beijing"/L="Beijing"/O="Hy"/OU="hy"/CN="hyI"
gmssl ca -md sm3 -extensions v3_ca -batch -in ca.csr -out ca.crt -days 1850 -cert RootCA.crt -keyfile Root.key -notext
下一级CA证书
gmssl ecparam -genkey -name sm2p256v1 -out ca2.key gmssl req -new -sm3 -extensions v3_req -key ca2.key -out ca2.csr -subj /C="CN"/ST="Beijing"/L="Beijing"/O="Hy"/OU="hy"/CN="hyS"
gmssl ca -md sm3 -extensions v3_ca -batch -in ca2.csr -out ca2.crt -days 1850 -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -notext
使用ca证书颁发用户证书
gmssl ecparam -genkey -name sm2p256v1 -text -out user.key gmssl req -new -key user.key -out user.req -subj /C="CN"/ST="Beijing"/L="Beijing"/O="Hy"/OU="hy"/CN="hy"
gmssl ca -md sm3 -batch -in user.req -out user.crt -days 365 -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -notext
生成证书链(需要从后向前写证书顺序，客户端在前，Root证书在后)
cat client.crt RooCA.crt | tee chain.crt
查看证书
# 查看CSR请求信息 $ gmssl req -noout -text -in myserver.csr 查看证书信息
$ gmssl x509 -noout -text -in ca.pem
查看证书subject项
$ gmssl x509 -in mysite.pem -noout -subject -nameopt multiline
查看证书issuer项
$ gmssl x509 -in mysite.pem -noout -issuer -nameopt multiline
检查证书用途
$ gmssl x509 -purpose -noout -in client.cer
#查看DER编码证书
$ gmssl x509 -inform der -in CERTIFICATE.cer -text -noout
#转换PEM证书到DER编码证书
gmssl x509 -outform der -in certificate.pem -out certificate.cer
#查看证书公钥
$ gmssl x509 -outform PEM -in server.crt -pubkey -out server.pubkey
#查看OID
$ gmssl asn1parse -genstr OID:1.2.156.10197.1.301
#从私钥取公钥
$ gmssl pkey -in private.key -pubout -out pub.key
转换DER编码证书到PEM证书
gmssl x509 -inform der -in CERTIFICATE.der -out CERTIFICATE.pem
用户证书转换为pfx格式
gmssl pkcs12 -export -out user.pfx -inkey user.key -in user.crt
吊销证书
gmssl ca -revoke user.crt
生成吊销证书列表
gmssl ca -gencrl -out test.crl
更新CRL（每次吊销后都需要手动更新CRL）
gmssl ca -gencrl (-crldays 7 [指定CRL更新天数，默认是一个月]) -cert user.crt -keyfile user.key -out test.crl
查看吊销证书列表
gmssl crl -in test.crl -noout -text
加密和签名证书属性的配置：
修改配置文件openssl.cnf中“[ usr_cert ]”中的属性值
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate. keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment # keyUsage = digitalSignature # keyUsage = keyEncipherment
key usage扩展为Digital Signature, Non-Repudiation, Key Encipherment (e0)，证书可以用来加密和签名。
key usage扩展为Digital Signature没有加密功能，只能用来签名。
key usage扩展为keyEncipherment没有签名功能，只能用来加密。
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