In this article, I will take you through the steps by which we can add the new raw hard disk to an existing Linux server such as RHEL/CentOS or Debian/Ubuntu.
本次需要在linux上面挂载新的硬盘并格式化，这次配置用到了 fdisk utility.
I have added a hard disk of 20GB capacity to be mounted as a /data partition.
我新增一块20GB的硬盘需要挂在到 /data 路径下：
fdisk is a command line utility to view and manage hard disks and partitions on Linux systems.
查看现有系统中成功添加的硬盘指令如下：
# fdisk -l
查询效果如下：
然后将一块20G的硬盘加载后：
New disk added is shown as /dev/xvdc. If we are adding physical disk it will show as /dev/sda based of the disk type. Here I used a virtual disk.
现在可以看到新增了一个 /dev/xvdc 的硬盘。如果我们增加了一块物理硬盘，将会再/dev/sda中出现新的盘。这次我用了一个虚拟磁盘。
To partition a particular hard disk, for example /dev/xvdc.
对这块硬盘进行分区操作，具体指令如下：
# fdisk /dev/xvdc
Commonly used fdisk commands. 常用指令
n – Create partition 新建分区 p – print partition table d – delete a partition 删除分区 q – exit without saving the changes 退出 w – write the changes and exit. 保存并退出
Here since we are creating a partition use n option.
Create either primary/extended partitions. By default we can have upto 4 primary partitions.
创建主/拓展分区。一般默认能存在4个主分区
Give the partition number as desired. Recommended to go for the default value 1.
Give the value of the first sector. If it is a new disk, always select default value. If you are creating a second partition on the same disk, we need to add 1 to the last sector of the previous partition.
Give the value of the last sector or the partition size. Always recommended to give the size of the partition. Always prefix + to avoid value out of range error.
Save the changes and exit.
Now format the disk with mkfs command.
接下来格式化该硬盘分区
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc1
或者 # mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdc1
Once formatting has been completed, now mount the partition as shown below.
当格式化完成后，将其mount 到/data 路径下即可
# mount /dev/xvdc1 /data
Make an entry in /etc/fstab file for permanent mount at boot time.
接下来需要添加一个自启动识别该硬盘分区的设置（自动挂载）
首先，查看磁盘分区的UUID
$ sudo blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="8048997a-16c9-447b-a209-82e4d380326e" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="0c5f073a-ad3f-414f-85c2-4af83f6a437f" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdb1: UUID="11263962-9715-473f-9421-0b604e895aaa" TYPE="ext4" /dev/xvdc1: UUID="12262346-1515-9458-1245-0b604e895bbb" TYPE="ext4"
然后，配置开机自动挂载：
vim /etc/fstab
添加
UUID=12262346-1515-9458-1245-0b604e895bbb /data ext4 defaults 0 1
格式如下：<fs spec> <fs file> <fs vfstype> <fs mntops> <fs freq> <fs passno>
修改完成后保存，并运行
mount -a
验证配置是否正确，配置不正确可能会导致系统无法正常启动。