SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ 通俗易懂 超详细 【内含案例】

SpringBoot结合RabbitMq

SpringBoot 框架部署

HelloWorld 简单模式

Topic 通配符模式

一、SpringBoot 框架部署

1.创建Maven工程(我用的IDEA)

File[文件] -> New[新建] -> Project[工程] -> Maven[选择Maven] -> Next[直接下一步] -> Name[输入项目名称] —> Finish[完成]

2.在项目里创建两个子工程

Producer 消息生产者

项目名称位置右键 -> New[新建] -> Module[组件] -> Maven[选择Maven] -> Next[下一步] -> Name[输入Producer] —> Finish[完成]

Consumer 消息消费者

项目名称位置右键 -> New[新建] -> Module[组件] -> Maven[选择Maven] -> Next[下一步] -> Name[输入Consumer] —> Finish[完成]

3.在主项目工程的pom文件里填写依赖(注意是主项目 两个子项目会继承父项目的依赖)

<!--Spring Boot依赖-->
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.8.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
    <!--spring-boot-starter-amqp依赖 [重要]-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--下面三个依赖是为了方便控制台输出Log [一般]-->
    <!--junit:junit 单元测试框架 用了都说好-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--org.projectlombok:lombok 整合注解-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.12</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--ch.qos.logback:logback-classic 日志框架-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
    
    <!--spring-boot-starter-test SpringBootTest-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

4.分别在两个子项目中创建application.yml文件

注意.yml文件需下载 YAML 插件

resource文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> File[文件] -> Name[输入application.yml] —> Finish[完成]

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    virtual-host: /
    username: username 改成你自己的账号
    password: password 改成你自己的密码
server:
  port: 服务器端口号 两个子工程不能一致

5.Producer生产者创建启动类

Java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.producer.ProviderRabbitApplication.java] —> Finish[完成]

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * 生产者启动类
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderRabbitApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderRabbitApplication.class,args);
    }
}

6.Consumer生产者创建启动类

Java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.consumer.ConsumerRabbitMqApplication.java] —> Finish[完成]

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

/**
 * 消费者启动类
 */
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerRabbitMqApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerRabbitMqApplication.class,args);
    }
}

二、HelloWorld 简单模式

1.创建RabbitMqConfig.java文件 绑定交换机和队列

Java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.producer.config.RabbitMqConfig.java] —> Finish[完成]

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * RabbitMq 配置类
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfig {
    public static final String SIMPLE_EXCHANGE_NAME = "simple_exchange";
    public static final String SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME = "simple_queue";

    /**
     * 创建 交换机
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Exchange simpleExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(SIMPLE_EXCHANGE_NAME).build();
    }

    /**
     * 创建 队列
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue simpleQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(SIMPLE_QUEUE_NAME).build();
    }

    /**
     * 绑定 交换机与队列
     * @param exchange
     * @param queue
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("simpleExchange") Exchange exchange, @Qualifier("simplQueue") Queue queue){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("").noargs();
    }
}

2.创建ConsumerListener.java监听消息文件

Java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.cosnumer.listener.ConsumerListener.java] —> Finish[完成]

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class ConsumerListener {
    /**
     * 监听某个队列的消息
     * @param message 接收到的消息
     */
    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = "simple_queue")
    public void myListener(String message){
        //不用在手动转UTF-8 Spring自动转好了
        log.debug("消费者接收到的消息为：{}", message);
    }
}

3.创建ProducerTest.java测试文件

test->java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.producer.test.ProducerTest.java] —> Finish[完成]

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQTest {

    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void sendTest(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME,"","测试 SpringBoot整合RabbitMq的普通模式");
    }
}

4.测试

首先运行一次ProducerTest.java测试类 创建交换机和队列

然后在启动消费者监听器

三、Topic 通配符模式

1.创建RabbitMqConfig.java文件 绑定交换机和队列

Java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.producer.config.RabbitMqConfig.java] —> Finish[完成]

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * RabbitMq 配置类
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfig {
    private static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_exchange";
    private static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME = "topic_queue";

    /**
     * 创建 交换机
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Exchange itemTopicExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME).build();
    }

    /**
     * 创建 队列
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue itemQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(TOPIC_QUEUE_NAME).build();
    }

    /**
     * 绑定 交换机与队列
     * @param exchange
     * @param queue
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding itemQueueExchange(@Qualifier("itemTopicExchange") Exchange exchange, @Qualifier("itemQueue") Queue queue){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("item.#").noargs();
    }

}

2.创建ConsumerListener.java监听消息文件

Java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.cosnumer.listener.ConsumerListener01.java] —> Finish[完成]

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class ConsumerListener {
    /**
     * 监听某个队列的消息
     * @param message 接收到的消息
     */
    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = "topic_queue")
    public void myListener(String message){
        //不用在手动转UTF-8 Spring自动转好了
        log.debug("消费者接收到的消息为：{}", message);
    }
    
}

3.创建ProducerTest.java测试文件

test->java文件夹右键 -> New[新建] -> Java Class[类文件] -> Name[com.rabbit.producer.test.ProducerTest.java] —> Finish[完成]

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import com.itheima.rabbitmq.config.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQTest {

    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void sendTest(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME,"item.insert","topic通配符模式,RoutingKey:item.insert");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME,"item.delete.yes","topic通配符模式,RoutingKey:item.delete.yes");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME,"null.null","topic通配符模式,RoutingKey:null.null");
    }
}

4.测试

首先运行一次ProducerTest.java测试类 创建交换机和队列

然后在启动消费者监听器