高可用简介
kubernetes高可用部署参考：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/high-availability/
https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray
https://github.com/wise2c-devops/breeze
https://github.com/cookeem/kubeadm-ha
一、拓扑选择
配置高可用（HA）Kubernetes集群，有以下两种可选的etcd拓扑：
- 集群master节点与etcd节点共存，etcd也运行在控制平面节点上
- 使用外部etcd节点，etcd节点与master在不同节点上运行
1、堆叠的etcd拓扑
堆叠HA集群是这样的拓扑，其中etcd提供的分布式数据存储集群与由kubeamd管理的运行master组件的集群节点堆叠部署。
每个master节点运行kube-apiserver，kube-scheduler和kube-controller-manager的一个实例。kube-apiserver使用负载平衡器暴露给工作节点。
每个master节点创建一个本地etcd成员，该etcd成员仅与本节点kube-apiserver通信。这同样适用于本地kube-controller-manager 和kube-scheduler实例。
该拓扑将master和etcd成员耦合在相同节点上。比设置具有外部etcd节点的集群更简单，并且更易于管理复制。
但是，堆叠集群存在耦合失败的风险。如果一个节点发生故障，则etcd成员和master实例都将丢失，并且冗余会受到影响。您可以通过添加更多master节点来降低此风险。
因此，您应该为HA群集运行至少三个堆叠的master节点。
这是kubeadm中的默认拓扑。使用kubeadm init和kubeadm join --experimental-control-plane命令时，在master节点上自动创建本地etcd成员。
2、外部etcd拓扑
具有外部etcd的HA集群是这样的拓扑，其中由etcd提供的分布式数据存储集群部署在运行master组件的节点形成的集群外部。
像堆叠ETCD拓扑结构，在外部ETCD拓扑中的每个master节点运行一个kube-apiserver，kube-scheduler和kube-controller-manager实例。并且kube-apiserver使用负载平衡器暴露给工作节点。但是，etcd成员在不同的主机上运行，每个etcd主机与kube-apiserver每个master节点进行通信。
此拓扑将master节点和etcd成员分离。因此，它提供了HA设置，其中丢失master实例或etcd成员具有较小的影响并且不像堆叠的HA拓扑那样影响集群冗余。
但是，此拓扑需要两倍于堆叠HA拓扑的主机数。具有此拓扑的HA群集至少需要三个用于master节点的主机和三个用于etcd节点的主机。
二、初始化环境
使用kubeadm部署高可用性Kubernetes集群的两种不同方法：
- 使用堆叠master节点。这种方法需要较少的基础设施，etcd成员和master节点位于同一位置。
- 使用外部etcd集群。这种方法需要更多的基础设施， master节点和etcd成员是分开的。
在继续之前，您应该仔细考虑哪种方法最能满足您的应用程序和环境的需求。
部署要求
- 至少3个master节点
- 至少3个worker节点
- 所有节点网络全部互通（公共或私有网络）
- 所有机器都有sudo权限
- 从一个设备到系统中所有节点的SSH访问
- 所有节点安装kubeadm和kubelet，kubectl是可选的。
- 针对外部etcd集群，你需要为etcd成员额外提供3个节点
负载均衡
部署集群前首选需要为kube-apiserver创建负载均衡器。
注意：负载平衡器有许多中配置方式。可以根据你的集群要求选择不同的配置方案。在云环境中，您应将master节点作为负载平衡器TCP转发的后端。此负载平衡器将流量分配到其目标列表中的所有健康master节点。apiserver的运行状况检查是对kube-apiserver侦听的端口的TCP检查（默认值:6443）。
负载均衡器必须能够与apiserver端口上的所有master节点通信。它还必须允许其侦听端口上的传入流量。另外确保负载均衡器的地址始终与kubeadm的ControlPlaneEndpoint地址匹配。
haproxy/nignx+keepalived是其中可选的负载均衡方案，针对公有云环境可以直接使用运营商提供的负载均衡产品。
部署时首先将第一个master节点添加到负载均衡器并使用以下命令测试连接：
# nc -v LOAD_BALANCER_IP PORT
由于apiserver尚未运行，因此预计会出现连接拒绝错误。但是，超时意味着负载均衡器无法与master节点通信。如果发生超时，请重新配置负载平衡器以与master节点通信。将剩余的master节点添加到负载平衡器目标组。
本次使用kubeadm部署kubernetes v1.16.2 高可用集群，包含3个master节点和1个node节点，部署步骤以官方文档为基础，负载均衡部分采用haproxy+keepalived容器方式实现。所有组件版本以kubernetes v1.16.2为准，其他组件以当前最新版本为准。
节点信息：
主机名 IP地址 角色 OS CPU/MEM 磁盘 网卡 k8s-master01 192.168.130.130 master CentOS7.7 2C2G 60G x1 k8s-master02 192.168.130.131 master CentOS7.7 2C2G 60G x1 k8s-master03 192.168.130.132 master CentOS7.7 2C2G 60G x1 K8S VIP 192.168.130.134 – – – - -
以下操作在所有节点执行。
1、配置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master1 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master2 hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master3
2、设置源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo <<EOF
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/\$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
EOF
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum clean all
yum makecache fast
3、执行初始化安装脚本 chushihua.sh
#!/bin/bash yum install -y vim wget net-tools netstat bash-completion #### 配置host ####
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 192.168.130.130 k8s-master1 192.168.130.131 k8s-master2 192.168.130.132 k8s-master3 EOF EOF #### 关闭防火墙和iptables #### sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config && setenforce 0 systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld #### 内核调优 #### cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1 EOF sysctl -p echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward #### 关闭swap #### swapoff -a sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #### 安装ipvs模块 #### yum install ipset ipvsadm -y cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF #!/bin/bash modprobe -- ip_vs modprobe -- ip_vs_rr modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr modprobe -- ip_vs_sh modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 EOF chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4 #### 安装docker #### yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.13-3.el7.x86_64 mkdir -p /data/docker /etc/docker sed -i "s#dockerd#& --graph=/data/docker#" /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service cat >/etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["http://10.2.57.16:5000"], "insecure-registries": ["10.2.57.16:5000","10.2.55.8:5000"] } EOF systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker.service systemctl enable docker.service #### 安装k8s #### yum install -y kubeadm-1.16.2-0.x86_64 kubelet-1.16.2-0.x86_64 kubectl-1.16.2-0.x86_64
三、安装 haproxy和keepalived
kubernetes master 节点运行如下组件：
- kube-apiserver
- kube-scheduler
- kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 可以以集群模式运行，通过 leader 选举产生一个工作进程，其它进程处于阻塞模式。
kube-apiserver可以运行多个实例，但对其它组件需要提供统一的访问地址，该地址需要高可用。本次部署使用 keepalived+haproxy 实现 kube-apiserver VIP 高可用和负载均衡。
haproxy+keepalived配置vip，实现了api唯一的访问地址和负载均衡。keepalived 提供 kube-apiserver 对外服务的 VIP。haproxy 监听 VIP，后端连接所有 kube-apiserver 实例，提供健康检查和负载均衡功能。
运行 keepalived 和 haproxy 的节点称为 LB 节点。由于 keepalived 是一主多备运行模式，故至少两个 LB 节点。
本次部署复用 master 节点的三台机器，在所有3个master节点部署haproxy和keepalived组件，以达到更高的可用性，haproxy 监听的端口(6444) 需要与 kube-apiserver的端口 6443 不同，避免冲突。
keepalived 在运行过程中周期检查本机的 haproxy 进程状态，如果检测到 haproxy 进程异常，则触发重新选主的过程，VIP 将飘移到新选出来的主节点，从而实现 VIP 的高可用。
所有组件（如 kubeclt、apiserver、controller-manager、scheduler 等）都通过 VIP +haproxy 监听的6444端口访问 kube-apiserver 服务。
负载均衡架构图如下：
1、部署 haproxy
haproxy提供高可用性，负载均衡，基于TCP和HTTP的代理，支持数以万记的并发连接。https://github.com/haproxy/haproxy
haproxy可安装在主机上，也可使用docker容器实现。文本采用第一种。
安装haproxy
yum install -y haproxy
创建配置文件/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg，重要配置以中文注释标出：
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online.
#
# https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.1/doc/configuration.txt
# https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/2.1/configuration.html
#
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
bind *:9443 ## 监听9443端口
option tcplog
default_backend kubernetes-apiserver
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
server master-192.168.130.130 192.168.130.130:6443 check
server master-192.168.130.131 192.168.130.131:6443 check
server master-192.168.130.132 192.168.130.132:6443 check
分别在三个master节点启动haproxy
systemctl restart haproxy && systemctl status haproxy
systemctl enable haproxy
2、部署keepalived
keepalived是以VRRP(虚拟路由冗余协议)协议为基础, 包括一个master和多个backup。 master劫持vip对外提供服务。master发送组播，backup节点收不到vrrp包时认为master宕机，此时选出剩余优先级最高的节点作为新的master, 劫持vip。keepalived是保证高可用的重要组件。
keepalived可安装在主机上，也可使用docker容器实现。文本采用第一种。(https://github.com/osixia/docker-keepalived)
安装 keepalived
yum install -y keepalived
配置keepalived.conf, 重要部分以中文注释标出：
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
script "/bin/bash -c 'if [[ $(netstat -nlp | grep 9443) ]]; then exit 0; else systemctl stop keepalived;fi'"
interval 2
weight -2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
interface ens33
state BACKUP
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
nopreempt
unicast_peer {
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.130.133
}
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass password
}
track_script {
chk_haproxy
}
}
- vrrp_script用于检测haproxy是否正常。如果本机的haproxy挂掉，即使keepalived劫持vip，也无法将流量负载到apiserver。
- 我所查阅的网络教程全部为检测进程, 类似
killall -0 haproxy。这种方式用在主机部署上可以，但容器部署时，在keepalived容器中无法知道另一个容器haproxy的活跃情况，因此我在此处通过检测端口号来判断haproxy的健康状况。 - weight可正可负。为正时检测成功+weight，相当与节点检测失败时本身priority不变，但其他检测成功节点priority增加。为负时检测失败本身priority减少。
- 另外很多文章中没有强调nopreempt参数，意为不可抢占，此时master节点失败后，backup节点也不能接管vip，因此我将此配置删去。
分别在三台节点启动keepalived:
systemctl start keepalived && systemctl status keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived
验证HA状态
也可以在本地执行该nc命令查看结果
[root@k8s-master02 ~]# yum install -y nc [root@k8s-master02 ~]# nc -v -w 2 -z 127.0.0.1 6444 2>&1 | grep 'Connected to' | grep 6444 Ncat: Connected to 127.0.0.1:6444.
四、部署k8s master节点
1、初始化master节点
初始化参考：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/
https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta1
2、创建初始化配置文件
可以使用如下命令生成初始化配置文件
kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml
根据实际部署环境修改信息：
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 bootstrapTokens: - groups: - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: - signing - authentication kind: InitConfiguration nodeRegistration: criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock taints: - effect: NoSchedule key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master --- apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.130.133:9443 ### 虚拟VIP + haproxy暴露的端口 controllerManager: {} dns: type: CoreDNS etcd: local: dataDir: /data/k8s/etcd ### 修改etcd数据目录，也可以默认 imageRepository: 10.2.55.8:5000/kubernetes ###镜像仓库地址 kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: v1.16.2 ### kubernetes版本 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16 scheduler: {} --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration featureGates: SupportIPVSProxyMode: true mode: ipvs
配置说明：
- controlPlaneEndpoint：为vip地址和haproxy监听端口9443
- imageRepository:由于国内无法访问google镜像仓库k8s.gcr.io，这里指定为私有仓库地址 10.2.55.8:5000/kubernetes
- podSubnet:指定的IP地址段与后续部署的网络插件相匹配，这里需要部署flannel插件，所以配置为10.244.0.0/16
- mode: ipvs:最后追加的配置为开启ipvs模式。
在集群搭建完成后可以使用如下命令查看生效的配置文件：
kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml
3、执行创建集群
这里追加tee命令将初始化日志输出到kubeadm-init.log中以备用（可选）。
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
该命令指定了初始化时需要使用的配置文件，其中添加–experimental-upload-certs参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件。
初始化示例
kubeadm init主要执行了以下操作：
- [init]：指定版本进行初始化操作
- [preflight] ：初始化前的检查和下载所需要的Docker镜像文件
- [kubelet-start]：生成kubelet的配置文件”/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml”，没有这个文件kubelet无法启动，所以初始化之前的kubelet实际上启动失败。
- [certificates]：生成Kubernetes使用的证书，存放在/etc/kubernetes/pki目录中。
- [kubeconfig] ：生成 KubeConfig 文件，存放在/etc/kubernetes目录中，组件之间通信需要使用对应文件。
- [control-plane]：使用/etc/kubernetes/manifest目录下的YAML文件，安装 Master 组件。
- [etcd]：使用/etc/kubernetes/manifest/etcd.yaml安装Etcd服务。
- [wait-control-plane]：等待control-plan部署的Master组件启动。
- [apiclient]：检查Master组件服务状态。
- [uploadconfig]：更新配置
- [kubelet]：使用configMap配置kubelet。
- [patchnode]：更新CNI信息到Node上，通过注释的方式记录。
- [mark-control-plane]：为当前节点打标签，打了角色Master，和不可调度标签，这样默认就不会使用Master节点来运行Pod。
- [bootstrap-token]：生成token记录下来，后边使用kubeadm join往集群中添加节点时会用到
- [addons]：安装附加组件CoreDNS和kube-proxy
说明：无论是初始化失败或者集群已经完全搭建成功，你都可以直接执行kubeadm reset命令清理集群或节点，然后重新执行kubeadm init或kubeadm join相关操作即可。
4、其他master加入集群
从初始化输出或kubeadm-init.log中获取命令
kubeadm join 192.168.130.133:9443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9c9303b7f9e2efee5e79de84617642dcb0e62426aa4e82ae75cfd4156a5bf63c --control-plane --certificate-key db64578aa6f76ded25eb0ddcade8cae0326a81e7537539deaedbc8e0b9d4c2d9
依次将k8s-master2和k8s-master3加入到集群中，示例
[root@k8s-master2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.130.133:9443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9c9303b7f9e2efee5e79de84617642dcb0e62426aa4e82ae75cfd4156a5bf63c \
> --control-plane --certificate-key db64578aa6f76ded25eb0ddcade8cae0326a81e7537539deaedbc8e0b9d4c2d9
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING Service-Docker]: docker service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable docker.service'
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 19.03.13. Latest validated version: 18.09
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master2" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master2": lookup k8s-master2 on 192.168.130.2:53: server misbehaving
[WARNING Service-Kubelet]: kubelet service is not enabled, please run 'systemctl enable kubelet.service'
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks before initializing the new control plane instance
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[download-certs] Downloading the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master2 localhost] and IPs [192.168.130.131 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master2 localhost] and IPs [192.168.130.131 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master2 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.130.131 192.168.130.133]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Using the existing "sa" key
[kubeconfig] Generating kubeconfig files
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[endpoint] WARNING: port specified in controlPlaneEndpoint overrides bindPort in the controlplane address
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[check-etcd] Checking that the etcd cluster is healthy
[kubelet-start] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.16" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[etcd] Announced new etcd member joining to the existing etcd cluster
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for "etcd"
[etcd] Waiting for the new etcd member to join the cluster. This can take up to 40s
{"level":"warn","ts":"2020-12-25T18:55:00.821+0800","caller":"clientv3/retry_interceptor.go:61","msg":"retrying of unary invoker failed","target":"passthrough:///https://192.168.130.131:2379","attempt":0,"error":"rpc error: code = DeadlineExceeded desc = context deadline exceeded"}
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master2 as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master2 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
This node has joined the cluster and a new control plane instance was created:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and approval was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
* Control plane (master) label and taint were applied to the new node.
* The Kubernetes control plane instances scaled up.
* A new etcd member was added to the local/stacked etcd cluster.
To start administering your cluster from this node, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Run 'kubectl get nodes' to see this node join the cluster.
5、配置kubectl命令
无论在master节点或node节点，要能够执行kubectl命令必须进行以下配置：
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
等集群配置完成后，可以在所有master节点和node节点进行以上配置，以支持kubectl命令。针对node节点复制任意master节点/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf到本地。
查看当前状态
由于未安装网络插件，coredns处于pending状态，node处于notready状态。
6、部署k8s node节点
在三台node上分别执行如下命令：
kubeadm join 192.168.130.133:9443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9c9303b7f9e2efee5e79de84617642dcb0e62426aa4e82ae75cfd4156a5bf63c
六、部署网络插件和dashboard
1、部署flannel网络
kubernetes支持多种网络方案，这里简单介绍常用的flannel和calico安装方法，选择其中一种方案进行部署即可。
以下操作在master01节点执行即可。
安装flannel网络插件：
由于kube-flannel.yml文件指定的镜像从coreos镜像仓库拉取，可能拉取失败，可以从dockerhub搜索相关镜像进行替换，另外可以看到yml文件中定义的网段地址段为10.244.0.0/16。
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: 10.2.57.16:5000/kubernetes/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: 10.2.57.16:5000/kubernetes/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
执行创建
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
再次查看node和 Pod状态，全部为Running
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master1 Ready master 166m v1.16.2
k8s-master2 Ready master 166m v1.16.2
k8s-master3 Ready master 165m v1.16.2
安装calico网络插件（可选）：
安装参考：https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.6/getting-started/kubernetes/
kubectl apply -f \ https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/kubernetes-datastore/calico-networking/1.7/calico.yaml
注意该yaml文件中默认CIDR为10.244.0.0/16，需要与初始化时kube-config.yaml中的配置一致，如果不同请下载该yaml修改后运行。
2、部署dashboard
创建yaml文件
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
- apiGroups:
- '*'
resources:
- '*'
verbs:
- '*'
- nonResourceURLs:
- '*'
verbs:
- '*'
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.4
#imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kube-system
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
执行创建
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
dashboard登录方式
1、使用token登录，获取token方式如下：
kubectl describe secret -n kube-system $(kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep kubernetes-dashboard-token | awk '{print $1}') | grep -w token | awk 'END {print $2}'
使用上面生成的token即可登录
2、生成config配置文件
TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret -n kube-system $(kubectl get secret -n kube-system | grep kubernetes-dashboard-token | awk '{print $1}') | grep -w token | awk 'NR==3 {print $2}')
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt --embed-certs=true --server=10.2.57.17:9443 --kubeconfig=product.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials dashboard_user --token=${TOKEN} --kubeconfig=product.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=dashboard_user --kubeconfig=product.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=product.kubeconfig
使用生成的 product.kubeconfig 文件即可登录
七、验证集群状态
查看nodes运行情况
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master1 Ready master 169m v1.16.2 192.168.130.130 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 docker://19.3.13
k8s-master2 Ready master 169m v1.16.2 192.168.130.131 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 docker://19.3.13
k8s-master3 Ready master 168m v1.16.2 192.168.130.132 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64 docker://19.3.13
验证IPVS
查看kube-proxy日志，第一行输出Using ipvs Proxier.
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl -n kube-system logs -f pod/kube-proxy-55l7n
W1225 10:54:52.193126 1 feature_gate.go:208] Setting GA feature gate SupportIPVSProxyMode=true. It will be removed in a future release.
E1225 10:54:59.898661 1 node.go:124] Failed to retrieve node info: rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = etcdserver: leader changed
I1225 10:55:06.897612 1 node.go:135] Successfully retrieved node IP: 192.168.130.131
I1225 10:55:06.897651 1 server_others.go:176] Using ipvs Proxier.
W1225 10:55:06.897892 1 proxier.go:420] IPVS scheduler not specified, use rr by default
I1225 10:55:06.898219 1 server.go:529] Version: v1.16.2
I1225 10:55:06.898758 1 conntrack.go:52] Setting nf_conntrack_max to 131072
I1225 10:55:06.899497 1 config.go:313] Starting service config controller
I1225 10:55:06.899561 1 shared_informer.go:197] Waiting for caches to sync for service config
I1225 10:55:06.900251 1 config.go:131] Starting endpoints config controller
I1225 10:55:06.900268 1 shared_informer.go:197] Waiting for caches to sync for endpoints config
I1225 10:55:06.999709 1 shared_informer.go:204] Caches are synced for service config
I1225 10:55:07.000848 1 shared_informer.go:204] Caches are synced for endpoints config
查看代理规则
[root@k8s-master1 package]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.130.130:30001 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 1 0
TCP 192.168.130.133:30001 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 10.96.0.1:443 rr
-> 192.168.130.130:6443 Masq 1 0 0
-> 192.168.130.131:6443 Masq 1 1 0
-> 192.168.130.132:6443 Masq 1 2 0
TCP 10.96.0.10:53 rr
-> 10.244.0.2:53 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.0.3:53 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 10.96.0.10:9153 rr
-> 10.244.0.2:9153 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.0.3:9153 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 10.106.45.88:443 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 10.109.201.42:8000 rr
-> 10.244.2.3:8000 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 10.244.0.0:30001 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 10.244.0.1:30001 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 127.0.0.1:30001 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 0 0
TCP 172.17.0.1:30001 rr
-> 10.244.1.3:8443 Masq 1 0 0
UDP 10.96.0.10:53 rr
-> 10.244.0.2:53 Masq 1 0 0
-> 10.244.0.3:53 Masq 1 0 0
执行以下命令查看etcd集群状态
kubectl -n kube-system exec etcd-k8s-master1 -- etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.130.130:2379 --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key cluster-health
示例
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl -n kube-system exec etcd-k8s-master1 -- etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.130.130:2379 --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key cluster-health
member 10d7e869fb290ae4 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.130.132:2379
member 5f903da6ce6e7909 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.130.131:2379
member fb412e80741ff7af is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.130.130:2379
cluster is healthy
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl -n kube-system exec etcd-k8s-master1 -- etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.130.130:2379 --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key member list 10d7e869fb290ae4: name=k8s-master3 peerURLs=https://192.168.130.132:2380 clientURLs=https://192.168.130.132:2379 isLeader=false 5f903da6ce6e7909: name=k8s-master2 peerURLs=https://192.168.130.131:2380 clientURLs=https://192.168.130.131:2379 isLeader=false fb412e80741ff7af: name=k8s-master1 peerURLs=https://192.168.130.130:2380 clientURLs=https://192.168.130.130:2379 isLeader=true
查看 kube-controller-manager 状态
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager --namespace=kube-system -o yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Endpoints metadata: annotations: control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master1_456327ee-e1d5-4857-8131-e969b411e287","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-12-25T10:55:28Z","renewTime":"2020-12-25T14:12:51Z","leaderTransitions":1}' creationTimestamp: "2020-12-25T10:54:36Z" name: kube-controller-manager namespace: kube-system resourceVersion: "20672" selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager uid: fe5d782a-f5ad-4e3c-b146-ee25892b0ad6
查看kube-scheduler状态
[root@k8s-master1 package]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler --namespace=kube-system -o yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Endpoints metadata: annotations: control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"k8s-master1_cfbf1bda-431a-428c-960a-da07cdd87130","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-12-25T10:55:28Z","renewTime":"2020-12-25T14:14:37Z","leaderTransitions":1}' creationTimestamp: "2020-12-25T10:54:34Z" name: kube-scheduler namespace: kube-system resourceVersion: "20849" selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-scheduler uid: fe659cb7-0c3e-43fc-9a73-6cc2bd9857c2
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/networken/java/article/details/89599004