python 用 matplotlib 中的 patch 模块绘制几何形状（圆，椭圆，圆弧，锲形块，矩形），组装一个机器人图

图形预览：

 

 0、import

import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.patches import Arc, Circle, Ellipse, Rectangle, Wedge

 

1、绘图

# 创建画布
fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1, subplot_kw=dict(aspect='equal', facecolor='whitesmoke' ), figsize=(12, 8), facecolor='sienna' ) # --------------------------------- head, body --------------------------------- # head
ax.plot([1, 4], [6.4, 6.4], c='steelblue' ) head = Arc(xy=(2.5, 6.4),    # 椭圆中心，（圆弧是椭圆的一部分而已）
           width=3,    # 长半轴
           height=2.5,    # 短半轴
           theta1=0,    # 圆弧起点处角度
           theta2=180,    # 圆弧终点处角度
           fc='w',    # 填充色
           ec='steelblue'    # 边框颜色
 ) # body
body = Rectangle(xy=(1, 2.1),    # 左下角坐标
                 width=3, height=4, fc='steelblue' ) # --------------------------------- eyes --------------------------------- # eye_socket
left_eye_socket = Wedge(center=(2, 7),    # 锲形的中心
                        r=0.4,    # 半径
                        theta1=0,    # 起始角度
                        theta2=360,    # 终止角度
                        fc='gold'    # 填充颜色
 ) right_eye_socket = Wedge(center=(3, 7), r=0.4, theta1=0, theta2=360, fc='k' ) # eyeball
left_eyeball = Wedge(center=(2, 7),    # 中心
                     r=0.3,    # 半径
                     theta1=15,    # 起始角度
                     theta2=345,    # 终止角度
                     color='k' ) right_eyeball = Wedge(center=(3, 7),    # 中心
                      r=0.3,    # 半径
                      theta1=156,    # 起始角度
                      theta2=195,    # 终止角度
                      color='darkred' ) # --------------------------------- base, shadow --------------------------------- # base
ax.plot([1.1, 4], [1, 1.3], color='k') base = Arc(xy=(2.5, 1.1),    # 椭圆中心，（圆弧是椭圆的一部分而已）
           width=3,    # 长半轴
           height=1,    # 短半轴
           angle=10,    # 椭圆旋转角度（逆时针） 
           theta1=0,    # 圆弧的起点处角度
           theta2=175,    # 圆度的终点处角度
           color='k', alpha=0.8 ) # shadow
shadow = Ellipse(xy=(2.5, 0.5),    # 椭圆中心
                 width=4.2,    # 长半轴
                 height=0.5,    # 短半轴
                 fc='silver',    # facecolor
                 alpha=0.2 ) # --------------------------------- wheels ---------------------------------
left_wheel = Ellipse(xy=(1, 1),    # 中心
                     width=0.7,    # 长半轴
                     height=0.4,    # 短半轴
                     angle=95,    # 逆时针旋转角度
                     color='k' ) right_wheel = Ellipse(xy=(4, 1.3),    # 中心
                      width=0.7,    # 长半轴
                      height=0.4,    # 短半轴
                      angle=85,    # 逆时针旋转角度
                      color='k' ) # --------------------------------- arms ---------------------------------
left_upper_arm = ax.plot([0.3, 0.875], [4.55, 5.75], color='silver',    # facecolor
                         lw=4,    # line width
 ) left_lower_arm = ax.plot([0, 0.3], [4.2, 4.55], color='silver',    # facecolor
                         lw=4,    # line width
 ) right_upper_arm = ax.plot([4.125, 4.3], [5.75, 6.95], color='silver',    # facecolor
                          lw=4,    # line width
 ) right_lower_arm = ax.plot([4.3, 4.3], [6.95, 7.25], color='silver',    # facecolor
                          lw=4,    # line width
 ) # --------------------------------- hands ---------------------------------
left_hand = Wedge(center=(0, 4), r=0.2, theta1=290, theta2=250, fc='k' ) right_hand = Wedge(center=(4.3, 7.45), r=0.2, theta1=110, theta2=70, fc='k' ) # --------------------------------- shoulders ---------------------------------
left_shoulder = Ellipse(xy=(1, 5.75),    # 中心
                        width=0.5,    # 长半轴
                        height=0.25,    # 短半轴
                        angle=90,    # 逆时针旋转角度
                        fc='k',    # facecolor
 ) right_shoulder = Ellipse(xy=(4, 5.75),    # 中心
                         width=0.5,    # 长半轴
                         height=0.25,    # 短半轴
                         angle=90,    # 逆时针旋转角度
                         fc='k',    # facecolor
 ) # --------------------------------- elbows ---------------------------------
left_elbow = Wedge(center=(0.3, 4.55), r=0.1, theta1=0, theta2=360, fc='k' ) right_elbow = Wedge(center=(4.3, 6.95), r=0.1, theta1=0, theta2=360, fc='k' ) # --------------------------------- joints ---------------------------------
top_joint1 = Ellipse(xy=(2.5, 6.2), width=0.5, height=0.2, fc='silver', ec='w' ) top_joint2 = Ellipse(xy=(2.5, 6.3), width=0.5, height=0.2, fc='silver', ec='w' ) bottom_joint1 = Ellipse(xy=(2.5, 2),    # 中心
                        width=1,    # 长半轴
                        height=0.3,    # 短半轴
                        fc='silver',    # facecolor
                        ec='w' ) bottom_joint2 = Ellipse(xy=(2.5, 1.7),    # 中心
                        width=1,    # 长半轴
                        height=0.3,    # 短半轴
                        fc='silver',    # facecolor
                        ec='w' ) # --------------------------------- 向绘图区添加几何形状 ---------------------------------
polygons = [body, head, left_eye_socket, right_eye_socket, left_eyeball, right_eyeball, shadow, base, left_wheel, right_wheel, left_hand, right_hand, left_shoulder, right_shoulder, left_elbow, right_elbow, top_joint1, top_joint2, bottom_joint1, bottom_joint2 ] for pln in polygons: ax.add_patch(pln) # 设置刻度范围
ax.axis([-1, 6, 0, 10])    # [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax]

# 隐藏轴脊
for position in ['left', 'top', 'right', 'bottom']: ax.spines[position].set_visible(False) # 隐藏刻度
ax.set(xticks=(), yticks=() ) # 显示图形
plt.show()

图形：

 

软件信息：