selenium模拟登录京东滑块验证码

由于京东的滑块验证码只提供缺口图片，所以我通过不断刷新验证码发现其图片库总共只有10张，然后我提前将不同的缺口图片进行合成已获得完整的参照图片并保存在指定的文件夹中以备用。之后的具体步骤为：

首先用selenium打开京东登录页面并点击账号密码登录方式，自动填充帐号密码点击登录出现验证码，获取验证码缺口图片，相关代码为：

url = 'https://passport.jd.com/new/login.aspx?'
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path='chromedriver.exe')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
browser.maximize_window()
browser.get(url)
time.sleep(2)
browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-tab-r').click()
time.sleep(1)
browser.find_element_by_id('loginname').send_keys(username)
browser.find_element_by_id('nloginpwd').send_keys(password)
browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-btn').click()
time.sleep(1)
img_url = browser.find_element_by_class_name('JDJRV-bigimg').find_element_by_css_selector('img').get_attribute('src')
image1_bytes = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(img_url.split(',')[-1])
image1 = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image1_bytes)).convert("RGB")

将缺口图片与完整图片集对比取得对应的完整图片，简单判断方法为定义一个值表示两张图片的像素点rgb数值之差的绝对值的总和，值越小相似性越高，如下:

for j in range(image.size[1]):
    for i in range(image.size[0]):
        delta = abs(pixel1[i, j][0] - pixel2[i, j][0]) + abs(pixel1[i, j][1] - pixel2[i, j][1]) + abs(
            pixel1[i, j][2] - pixel2[i, j][2])
        diff += delta

之后比较两张图片计算出缺口的位置，并拖动滑块到缺口处完成验证，这里比较困难的主要是轨迹方程，我用先加速后减速的方法试了好几个，但是都没什么效果，成功率超级低

完整代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from PIL import Image
import time
import base64
import os
import io
import random


class Jingdong():
    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.url = 'https://passport.jd.com/new/login.aspx?'
        self.options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
        self.options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=self.options, executable_path='D:\Program Files (x86)\chromedriver.exe')
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 10)
        self.browser.maximize_window()

    def open_browser(self):
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        time.sleep(2)
        self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-tab-r').click()
        time.sleep(1)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('loginname').send_keys(self.username)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('nloginpwd').send_keys(self.password)
        self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-btn').click()
        time.sleep(1)

    def get_img_url(self):
        # 获取验证码缺口图片的地址
        img_url = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('JDJRV-bigimg').find_element_by_css_selector(
            'img').get_attribute('src')
        return img_url

    @staticmethod
    def get_image(image1):
        # 将验证码的缺口图片与已有文件夹中的完整图片进行比较以取得其对应的完整图片
        difference = 0
        image_ = image1
        size = image1.size
        images = os.listdir('./img2')
        pixel1 = image1.load()
        for image in images:
            image = Image.open(f'./img2/{image}')
            pixel2 = image.load()
            diff = 0
            for j in range(size[1]):
                for i in range(size[0]):
                    delta = abs(pixel1[i, j][0] - pixel2[i, j][0]) + abs(pixel1[i, j][1] - pixel2[i, j][1]) + abs(
                        pixel1[i, j][2] - pixel2[i, j][2])
                    diff += delta
            if difference == 0:
                difference = diff
                image_ = image
            elif difference > diff:
                difference = diff
                image_ = image
        return image_

    @staticmethod
    def is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, x, y):
        # 判断两张图片相同坐标的rgb数值是否近似
        pixel1 = image1.load()[x, y]
        pixel2 = image2.load()[x, y]
        threshold = 5
        if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) < threshold and abs(
                pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) < threshold:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def get_gap(self):
        # 返回验证码缺口的距离
        left = 60
        img_url = self.get_img_url()
        image1_bytes = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(img_url.split(',')[-1])
        image1 = Image.open(io.BytesIO(image1_bytes)).convert("RGB")
        image2 = self.get_image(image1)
        if not image2:
            self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('JDJRV-img-refresh').click()
            time.sleep(1)
            self.get_gap()
        else:
            for i in range(left, image1.size[0]):
                for j in range(image1.size[1]):
                    if not self.is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, i, j):
                        return i
        return left

    @staticmethod
    def get_track(distance):
        # 轨迹生成
        track = []
        track_ = []
        delta_t = 0.1
        for i in range(1, 21):
            delta_dis = 1 / 12 * distance * (delta_t * i) ** 3 - 1 / 12 * distance * (delta_t * (i - 1)) ** 3
            track.append(round(delta_dis))
        for i in range(1, 10):
            delta_dis = 1 / 3 * distance * (i * delta_t) ** 3 - 1 / 3 * distance * ((i - 1) * delta_t) ** 3
            track_.append(round(delta_dis))
        track.append(0)
        while len(track_) > 0:
            track.append(track_.pop())
        track[20] = distance - sum(track)
        return track

    def verify(self):
        # 滑动滑块进行验证
        distince = self.get_gap()
        if distince > 180:
            distince = distince - abs(180-distince)/180*40 - 40
        else:
            distince = distince + abs(180-distince)/180*40 - 40
        tracks = self.get_track(distince)
        slider = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('JDJRV-slide-btn')
        ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform()
        for axis in tracks:
            yoffset = random.randint(-2, 2)
            ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=axis, yoffset=yoffset).perform()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
        time.sleep(3)
        if self.browser.current_url != self.url:
            print("登录成功")
            time.sleep(3)
            self.browser.close()
        else:
            self.verify()

    def main(self):
        self.open_browser()
        time.sleep(1)
        self.verify()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    jingdong = Jingdong('username', 'password')
    jingdong.main()