软件版本：postgresql12.3
二进制安装：postgresql-12.3.tar.gz.tar.gz
postgresql-12.3.tar.gz.md5：4aeff45d4180d8d8cdb907a0e4690da2 postgresql-12.3.tar.gz
postgresql-12.3.tar.gz.sha256：708fd5b32a97577679d3c13824c633936f886a733fc55ab5a9240b615a105f50 postgresql-12.3.tar.gz
操作系统信息：
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)
# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7983 295 7013 16 674 7403
Swap: 8191 0 8191
# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 4
NUMA node(s): 1
一、安装依赖包
yum -y install readline readline-devel zlib-devel
cd /usr/local
mv postgresql-12.3 pgsql
二、编译安装PostgreSQL
cd /usr/local/pgsql
./configure
make && make install
添加用户组
groupadd -g 5432 postgres
useradd -u 5432 -g postgres postgres
passwd postgres
#
PostgreSQL默认安装目录为 /usr/local/pgsql/
默认端口：5432
三、创建用户及相关目录
chown -R postgres.postgres /usr/local/pgsql/
系统数据目录、日志目录、表空间目录、wal日志目录
mkdir -p /data/pgsql_5432/{pgdata,pg_log,tbsdata,pg_arch}
chown -R postgres.postgres /data/pgsql_5432/
chmod 700 /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata
四、初始化数据库
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata/
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata/
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... PRC creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata/ -l logfile start
五、启动数据库
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata/ -l /data/pgsql_5432/pg_log/postgres.log start
ln -s /usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql /usr/bin/psql
ln -s /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl /usr/bin/pg_ctl
配置postgresql环境变量
su - postgres
export PGHOME=/usr/local/pgsql/
export PGDATA=/data/pgsql_5432/pgdata/
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
#for pg_rman
export BACKUP_PATH=/pgshare/rman
export ARCLOG_PATH=/data/pgsql_5432/pg_arch
export SRVLOG_PATH=/data/pgsql_5432/pg_log/
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$PGHOME/bin
数据库启停命令
pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata status
pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata stop -m fast
pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_5432/pgdata start
六、修改postgres用户登录密码
ALTER user postgres with password 'xxxxxx';
编辑postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*' port = 5432 max_connections = 2000 logging_collector = on log_directory = '/data/pgsql_5432/logs/' log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S' shared_buffers = 4096MB temp_buffers = 16MB work_mem = 32MB effective_cache_size = 10GB maintenance_work_mem = 128MB #max_stack_depth = 2MB dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix
编辑pg_hba.conf
local all all md5 host pgdb srv_pgdb 0.0.0.0/0 md5 host all all ::1/128 ident
创建用户srv_pgtest
create user srv_pgtest with ENCRYPTED password 'srv_pgtest';
创建schema，并赋予所有者为用户srv_pgtest
CREATE SCHEMA pgtest;
ALTER SCHEMA pgtest OWNER to srv_pgtest;
创建所有者是srv_qhms的数据库,owner是role，不是schema
CREATE DATABASE pgtest WITH OWNER srv_pgtest ENCODING UTF8 TEMPLATE template0;
多实例部署：
部署1921端口实例
一、创建系统数据目录、日志目录、表空间目录、wal日志目录
mkdir -p /data/pgsql_1921/{pgdata,pg_log,tbsdata,pg_arch}
chown -R postgres.postgres /data/pgsql_1921/
chmod 700 /data/pgsql_1921/pgdata
初始化数据库
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /data/pgsql_1921/pgdata/
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /data/pgsql_1921/pgdata/ The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres". This user must also own the server process. The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8". The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8". The default text search configuration will be set to "english". Data page checksums are disabled. fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pgsql_1921/pgdata ... ok creating subdirectories ... ok selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix selecting default max_connections ... 100 selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB selecting default time zone ... PRC creating configuration files ... ok running bootstrap script ... ok performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok syncing data to disk ... ok initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb. Success. You can now start the database server using: /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_1921/pgdata/ -l logfile start
配置postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*' port = 1921 max_connections = 2000 superuser_reserved_connections = 10 full_page_writes = on wal_level = replica wal_log_hints = off max_wal_senders = 50 max_wal_size = 1GB min_wal_size = 80MB hot_standby = on log_destination = 'csvlog' logging_collector = on log_directory = '/data/pgsql_1921/pg_log/' log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' log_filename = 'postgresql-%w.log' log_file_mode = 0640 log_truncate_on_rotation = on log_rotation_age = 1d log_rotation_size = 10MB log_statement = 'mod' log_timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai' timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai' datestyle = 'iso, mdy' unix_socket_directories = '/data/pgsql_1921' temp_tablespaces = 'ts_temp_customer' shared_buffers = 4096MB temp_buffers = 16MB work_mem = 128MB effective_cache_size = 1GB maintenance_work_mem = 512MB max_stack_depth = 2MB dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix checkpoint_timeout = 30min checkpoint_completion_target = 0.9 wal_buffers = 16MB wal_writer_delay = 200ms synchronous_commit = remote_write commit_delay = 0 commit_siblings = 5 archive_mode = on archive_command = 'cp %p /data/pgsql_1921/pg_arch/%f && echo %f >> /data/pgsql_1921/pg_arch/archive.list' wal_keep_segments=1024 log_min_duration_statement = 0 log_checkpoints = on log_connections = on log_disconnections = on log_lock_waits = on log_temp_files = 0 log_autovacuum_min_duration = 0 log_error_verbosity = default archive_timeout = 60s deadlock_timeout = 3s log_duration = on log_line_prefix = '%t [%p]: [%l-1] user=%u,db=%d'
启动数据库
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgsql_1921/pgdata/ -l /data/pgsql_1921/pg_log/postgres.log start
连接1921端口PG实例：
$ psql -h localhost -p 1921
psql (12.3)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#