Maven中settings.xml配置文件解释以及例子

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user, 
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in 
 |                 ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" 
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

  <!-- 本地仓库位置：Mac，Linux给予读写权限 -->
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ~/.m2/repository   -->
  
  <!-- windows -->
  <localRepository>C:/install/apache-maven-{your version}-resp</localRepository>

  <!-- Linux or Mac -->
  <localRepository>/data/install/apache-maven-{your version}-resp</localRepository>
 

  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
    <pluginGroup>org.sonatype.plugins</pluginGroup>
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
	
  </proxies>


  <!-- 私服账号，用户名和密码 -->
  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     | 
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are 
     |       used together.
     | -->
    <server>
      <id>serverId</id>
      <username>serverName</username>
      <password>serverPassword</password>
    </server>
    
    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>


  <!-- 镜像库站点列表 -->
  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   | 
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred 
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |-->

    <!-- 本公司自己的私服镜像库站点：xtbg -->
    <mirror>
      <id>xtbg</id>
      <name>xtbg</name>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
      <url>http://mirrors.dg.com/nexus/repository/xtbg/</url>
    </mirror>


    <!-- aliyun镜像库站点 -->
    <mirror>
      <id>aliyun</id>  
      <name>aliyun</name>  
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>  
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>  
    </mirror>


    <!-- oschina镜像库站点 -->
    <mirror>  
      <id>oschina</id>  
      <name>oschina</name>  
      <url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public</url>  
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>  
    </mirror>

    <mirror>
      <id>unidal</id>
      <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
      <name>cat公共仓库</name>
      <url>http://unidal.org/nexus/</url>
    </mirror>


    <!-- aliyun对应maven的公共镜像站点 -->
    <mirror>
      <id>aliyunmaven</id>
      <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
      <name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
      <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
    </mirror>

    <!-- maven官方镜像站点 -->
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://mvnrepository.com/repos</url>
    </mirror>
	 
  </mirrors>



  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is 
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a 
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
     
      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>nexus</id>
          <name>nexus</name>
          <url>http://localhost:8081/repository/maven-public/</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile> -->
   

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |   
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!-- 全局JDK1.8配置 -->
    <profile>
      <id>jdk1.8</id>
      <activation>
        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
        <jdk>1.8</jdk>
      </activation>
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
      </properties>
    </profile>

    <!-- Nexus私服配置: 第三方jar包下载, 比如oracle的jdbc驱动等 -->

    <!-- 1、先去协同仓库下来jar包 -->
    

    <!-- 2、去aliyun下载jar -->
    <profile>
      <id>aliyun</id>
      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>central</id>
          <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
          <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
            <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
            <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
          </releases>
          <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
      <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
          <id>central</id>
          <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
          <releases>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
            <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
            <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
          </releases>
          <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
      </pluginRepositories>
    </profile>


  </profiles>


  <!-- 激活配置 -->
  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
  <activeProfiles>
        <!-- 激活配置的id -->
		<activeProfile>xtbg</activeProfile>
		<activeProfile>aliyun</activeProfile>
	</activeProfiles>
</settings>

　　

上面是带有官方解释的配置，所有的标签都是成对出现，没有单飞的，以及例子，把官方的解释删除掉，其实只有几个简单配置如下：

 

<!-- 文件头部设置 -->
<settings> 

    <!-- 本地仓库位置 -->
    <localRepository><localRepository> 
    
    <!-- 插件组配置 -->
    <pluginGroups>
    </pluginGroups>
    
    <!-- 网络代理配置 -->
    <proxies>
    
    </proxies>
    
    <!-- 私服账号信息配置 -->
    <servers>
    
        <!-- 私服账号信息 -->
        <server>
          <!-- 账号ID -->
          <id>serverId</id>
          <!-- 账号用户名称 -->
          <username>serverName</username>
          <!-- 账号用户密码 -->
          <password>serverPassword</password>
        </server>
        
        ....
        
        <!-- 除了上面的用户名称账号配置外，还可以使用密钥来配置 -->
        <server>
          <id>siteServer</id>
          <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
          <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
        </server>
        
        ...
        
    </servers>
    
    <!-- 镜像站点列表配置 -->
    <mirrors>
    
        <!-- 单独镜像站点配置 -->
        <mirror>
            <!-- 站点ID，唯一 -->
            <id>oschina</id>  
            <!-- 站点别名 -->
            <name>oschina</name>  
            <!-- 站点地址 -->
            <url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public</url> 
            <!-- 镜像类别 --> 
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf> 
        <mirror>
        
        <!-- 多个 -->
        ...
        
    </mirrors>
    
    <!-- 从仓库拉取jar -->
    <profiles> 
       <profile>
           <id>aliyun</id>
            <repositories>
              <repository>
                <id>central</id>
                <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
                <releases>
                  <enabled>true</enabled>
                  <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
                  <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
                </releases>
                <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
              </repository>
            </repositories>
            <pluginRepositories>
              <pluginRepository>
                <id>central</id>
                <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
                <releases>
                  <enabled>true</enabled>
                  <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
                  <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
                </releases>
                <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
              </pluginRepository>
            </pluginRepositories>
      </profile>
   
      ...
   
   </profiles>
    
    
    <!-- 激活生效配置项 -->
    <activeProfiles>
       <!-- 激活配置的id，这个id是上面profiles - profile - id -->
       <activeProfile>xtbg</activeProfile>
       <activeProfile>aliyun</activeProfile>
    </activeProfiles>
    
    
</settings>

好啦，已经解释的很清楚了，你是不是也可以自己配置maven的settings了呢。