atlas实现了读写分离，成千上万的用户进行写入的操作的时候，希望引入在不同节点写的轮询
MyCAT基础架构图
MyCAT基础环境（mysql多实例）搭建
1.1 环境准备：
-
两台虚拟机 db01 db02
-
每台创建四个mysql实例：3307 3308 3309 3310
1.2 删除历史环境：
pkill mysqld \rm -rf /data/330* \mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
1.3 创建相关目录初始化数据
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/application/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/application/mysql
1.4 准备DB01配置文件和启动脚本
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3307/data socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock port=3307 log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=7 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3308/data port=3308 socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=8 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3309/data socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock port=3309 log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=9 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3310/data socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock port=3310 log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=10 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF
1.5 准备DB02配置文件和启动脚本
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3307/data socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock port=3307 log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=17 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3308/data port=3308 socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=18 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3309/data socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock port=3309 log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=19 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/application/mysql datadir=/data/3310/data socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock port=3310 log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=20 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000 EOF
1.6 修改权限，启动多实例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/* systemctl start mysqld3307 systemctl start mysqld3308 systemctl start mysqld3309 systemctl start mysqld3310
1.6.1 db01上检查mysql多实例是否配置成功
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
1.6.2 db02上检查mysql多实例是否配置成功
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
1.7 节点主从规划
箭头指向谁是主库
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308 10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
1.8 分片规划
shard1：
Master：10.0.0.51:3307
slave1：10.0.0.51:3309
Standby Master：10.0.0.52:3307
slave2：10.0.0.52:3309
shard2：
Master：10.0.0.52:3308
slave1：10.0.0.52:3310
Standby Master：10.0.0.51:3308
slave2：10.0.0.51:3310
1.9 开始配置
第一组四节点结构
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307 互为主从搭建
db02执行:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db01执行:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db02执行:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307 （51上配置3309从3307主）
db01执行:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307（52上配置3309从3307主）
db02执行:
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
第二组四节点结构
10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01执行:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db02执行:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db01执行:
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
db02执行：
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
db01执行:
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
1.10 检测主从状态
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
注：如果中间出现错误，在每个节点进行执行以下命令,从第1.9步重新开始即可
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
MySQL分布式架构介绍
-
1. schema拆分及业务分库
-
2. 垂直拆分-分库分表，把在一个实例上的库或者表查分到不同的实例上去
-
3. 水平拆分-分片 把一个表中的数据拆分到不同的实例上去
- 分布式解决的是，在读数据库操作的时候把查分的表练习在一起
企业代表产品
360 Atlas-Sharding Alibaba cobar Mycat TDDL Heisenberg Oceanus Vitess OneProxy DRDS
MyCAT安装
1 预先安装Java运行环境
yum install -y java
2 下载
Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz http://dl.mycat.io/
3 解压文件
tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190627191042-linux.tar.gz
4 软件目录结构
ls bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
配置文件介绍
logs目录:
-
wrapper.log ---->mycat启动日志
-
mycat.log ---->mycat详细工作日志
conf目录:
-
schema.xml 主配置文件（读写分离、高可用、分布式策略定制、节点控制）
-
server.xml mycat 软件本身相关的配置
-
rule.xml 分片规则配置文件,记录分片规则列表、使用方法等
-
log4j2.xml *** ,记录日志有关
-
*.txt ,分片策略使用的规则
5 启动和连接
配置环境变量 vim /etc/profile export PATH=/application/mycat/bin:$PATH source /etc/profile 启动 mycat start 连接mycat： mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
mycat基础--高可用+读写分离
用户创建及数据库导入
db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'; source /root/world.sql mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123'; source /root/world.sql
读写分离配置
cd /application/mycat/conf mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak vim schema.xml
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> </schema> <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" /> <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
配置文件简单介绍
mycat 逻辑库定义:
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
==================================================
数据节点定义:
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
==================================================
后端主机定义:
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
===================================================
</mycat:schema>
说明:
-
第一个 writehost: 10.0.0.51:3307 真正的写节点,负责写操作
-
第二个 wrirehost: 10.0.0.52:3307 准备写节点,负责读,当 10.0.0.51:3307宕掉,会切换为真正的写节点
测试:
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.51 -P 8066
读:
mysql> select @@server_id;
写:
mysql> begin ;select @@server_id; commit;
配置中的属性介绍
balance属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种： 1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。 2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说， 当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。 3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
writeType属性
负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种： 1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost， 第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties . 2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用
switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换 1 默认值，自动切换 2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status
datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数 minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程 tempReadHostAvailable="1" 这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时 <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳
Mycat高级应用-分布式解决方案
垂直分表
mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
多了几行配置
-
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/> 访问user表分到 sh1数据节点
-
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/> 访问sh2表分到sh2数据节点
- <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> 访问其他的表默认是sh1数据节点
创建测试库和表
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;" [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))"; [root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
重启mycat :
mycat restart
测试功能:
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.51 -P 8066 mysql> use TESTDB mysql> insert into user(id ,name ) values(1,'a'),(2,'b'); mysql> commit; mysql> insert into order_t(id ,name ) values(1,'a'),(2,'b'); mysql> commit; [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao;" +------------------+ | Tables_in_taobao | +------------------+ | user | +------------------+ [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao;" +------------------+ | Tables_in_taobao | +------------------+ | order_t | +------------------+ [root@db01 ~]#
范围分片把表查分到不同的分片上
比如说t3表
-
(1)行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）
-
(2)访问非常频繁，用户访问较离散
配置文件局部要修改如下
配置说明
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
把表t3拆分到sh1和sh2数据节点上，安装auto-sharding-long的策略
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1"> <table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" /> </schema> <dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" /> <dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" /> <dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> <dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> <writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
rule.xml 拆分的策略中重要的地方（默认的不用自己配置）
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
autopartition-long.txt 1-10条数据在1号分片，10-20在2号分片
1-10=0 10-20=1
创建测试表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
测试：
插入数据
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 user testdb insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t3(id,name) values(10,'d'); insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa'); insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb'); insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc'); insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd'); insert into t3(id,name) values(20,'dd');
查询测试
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3;" [root@db01 ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3;"
取模分片（mod-long）
取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点
配置在逻辑库下添加以下内容
vim schema.xml <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
vim rule.xml 修改为2，因为只有2个节点
<property name="count">2</property>
创建测试表
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
添加测试数据
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
分别登录后端节点查询数据
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4;"
枚举分片 sharding-by-intfile
t5 表结构如下
id name telnum 1 bj 1212 2 sh 22222 3 bj 3333 4 sh 44444 5 bj 5555
北京的落在一个分片，上海的落在一个分片
配置逻辑库
vim schema.xml <table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
配置规则 rule.xml 字段按照name，在函数中加入 <property name="type">1</property>支持字符串和中文
columns 标识将要分片的表字段，algorithm 分片函数， 其中分片函数配置中，mapFile标识配置文件名称
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule> <columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
<property name="defaultNode">0</property>
</function>
partition-hash-int.txt 配置
bj=0 sh=1 DEFAULT_NODE=1
准备测试环境
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
插入数据
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.51 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj'); insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh'); insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
分别登录后端节点查询数据
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5;"
Mycat全局表
a b c d join t select t1.name ,t.x from t1 join t select t2.name ,t.x from t2 join t select t3.name ,t.x from t3 join t 使用场景： 如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典，比如配置文件的配置， 常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大， 而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分， 要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join， 避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。 vim schema.xml <table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" /> 后端数据准备 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock use taobao create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null); mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock use taobao create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null); 重启mycat mycat restart 测试： mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 use TESTDB insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c'); insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
E-R分片
A
join
B
为了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
A join B
on a.xx=b.yy
join C
on A.id=C.id
<table name="A" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long">
<childTable name="B" joinKey="yy" parentKey="xx" />
</table>