在生产环境中部署Django、Celery项目需要开机启动，因此需要配置系统服务。
下面以CentOS7系统为例，记录配置Django和Celery为系统服务，并开机启动。
1.Django服务
在生产环境中部署Django项目需要用到uwsgi或gunicorn，这里我使用gunicorn。
1.1 Gunicorn简介
Gunicorn“绿色独角兽”是一个被广泛使用的高性能的Python WSGI UNIX HTTP服务器，移植自Ruby的独角兽（Unicorn ）项目,使用pre-fork worker模式，具有使用非常简单，轻量级的资源消耗，以及高性能等特点。
Gunicorn 服务器作为wsgi app的容器，能够与各种Web框架兼容（flask，django等）,得益于gevent等技术，使用Gunicorn能够在基本不改变wsgi app代码的前提下，大幅度提高wsgi app的性能。
1.2 安装Gunicorn
pip3 install gunicorn
1.3 静态文件处理
# urls.py中增加
from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()
2.配置Django服务
编写/usr/lib/systemd/system/django.service
[Unit] Description=django daemon service After=network.target [Service] WorkingDirectory=/opt/Django-Project # Django项目路径 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/gunicorn --workers 3 --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 Django-Project-Name.wsgi:application [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
3.配置Celery服务
3.1 Celery目录
创建celery log目录 /var/log/celery/
创建celery pid目录 /opt/celery/
3.2 Celery配置文件
创建celery配置文件/etc/conf.d/celery
# Name of nodes to start # here we have a single node CELERYD_NODES="w1" # or we could have three nodes: #CELERYD_NODES="w1 w2 w3" # Absolute or relative path to the 'celery' command: CELERY_BIN="/usr/local/bin/celery" #CELERY_BIN="/virtualenvs/def/bin/celery" # App instance to use # comment out this line if you don't use an app
CELERY_APP="proj" # 这里修改为Django项目名称 # How to call manage.py CELERYD_MULTI="multi" # Extra command-line arguments to the worker CELERYD_OPTS="--time-limit=300 --concurrency=4" # - %n will be replaced with the first part of the nodename. # - %I will be replaced with the current child process index # and is important when using the prefork pool to avoid race conditions. CELERYD_PID_FILE="/opt/celery/%n.pid" CELERYD_LOG_FILE="/var/log/celery/%n%I.log" CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL="INFO" # you may wish to add these options for Celery Beat CELERYBEAT_PID_FILE="/opt/celery/beat.pid" CELERYBEAT_LOG_FILE="/var/log/celery/beat.log"
3.3 Celery systemd unit
编写/usr/lib/systemd/system/celery.service
[Unit] Description=Celery Service After=network.target [Service] Type=forking EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/celery WorkingDirectory=/opt/Djang-Project # Django项目路径 ExecStart=/bin/sh -c '${CELERY_BIN} multi start ${CELERYD_NODES} \
-A ${CELERY_APP} --pidfile=${CELERYD_PID_FILE} \ --logfile=${CELERYD_LOG_FILE} --loglevel=${CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL} ${CELERYD_OPTS}' ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '${CELERY_BIN} multi stopwait ${CELERYD_NODES} \
--pidfile=${CELERYD_PID_FILE}' ExecReload=/bin/sh -c '${CELERY_BIN} multi restart ${CELERYD_NODES} \
-A ${CELERY_APP} --pidfile=${CELERYD_PID_FILE} \ --logfile=${CELERYD_LOG_FILE} --loglevel=${CELERYD_LOG_LEVEL} ${CELERYD_OPTS}' [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
4.启动服务
systemctl enable --now django.service
systemctl enable --now celery.service
参考文章：
https://docs.celeryproject.org/en/stable/userguide/daemonizing.html
https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-django-on-centos-8/