先说解决办法：
操作系统需安装如下RPM
1. yum install python-devel
2. yum install mysql-devel
3. 安装mysql客户端（略）
pip install MySQL-python -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support Looking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ WARNING: The repository located at pypi.douban.com is not a trusted or secure host and is being ignored. If this repository is available via HTTPS we recommend you use HTTPS instead, otherwise you may silence this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host pypi.douban.com'. ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement MySQL-python (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for MySQL-python [root@testdb01 local]# pip install MySQL-python -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support Looking in indexes: http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ Collecting MySQL-python Downloading http://pypi.doubanio.com/packages/a5/e9/51b544da85a36a68debe7a7091f068d802fc515a3a202652828c73453cad/MySQL-python-1.2.5.zip (108 kB) |████████████████████████████████| 108 kB 12.1 MB/s Building wheels for collected packages: MySQL-python Building wheel for MySQL-python (setup.py) ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: /usr/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-ccIe4O cwd: /tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/ Complete output (30 lines): running bdist_wheel running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building '_mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o _mysql.c:29:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory #include "Python.h" ^ compilation terminated. error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Failed building wheel for MySQL-python Running setup.py clean for MySQL-python Failed to build MySQL-python Installing collected packages: MySQL-python Running setup.py install for MySQL-python ... error ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: command: /usr/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-7pF4Rv/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python2.7/MySQL-python cwd: /tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/ Complete output (30 lines): running install running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 copying _mysql_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7 creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/MySQLdb/constants running build_ext building '_mysql' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,5,'final',1) -D__version__=1.2.5 -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_mysql.o _mysql.c:29:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory #include "Python.h" ^ compilation terminated. error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-bp0F0o/MySQL-python/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-7pF4Rv/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /usr/include/python2.7/MySQL-python Check the logs for full command output.
>>> import MySQLdb
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
import _mysql
ImportError: libmysqlclient.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
import报错时，需手工指定lib:
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.20