Feign使用和项目集成以及性能优化和使用常见问题


本文内容主要来自

http://www.itmuch.com/spring-cloud-sum/feign-problems/

1、什么是Feign

声明式http客户端

2、如何使用

加依赖

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

加注解

@EnableFeignClients

加配置

无写代码

package com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.feignclient;

import com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.domain.entity.pay.MallPay;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
* @author: yangchun
* @description:
* @date: Created in 2020-02-19 19:17
*/
@FeignClient(name = "pay")
public interface PayFeignClient {
@GetMapping("/mallpay/{id}")
MallPay findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
feign的组成
接口             作用           默认值          
Feign.Builder Feign的入口 Feign.Builder
Client Feign底层用什么去发起请求 和Ribbon配合时:LoadBalancerFeignClient,不和Ribbon配合时feign.Client.Defualt
Contract 锲约支持 Feign不支持springMVC注解,SpringMvcContract
Encoder 编码器,用于将对象转换成http消息体 SpringEncoder
Decoder 解码器,将响应消息体转换成对象 ResponseEntityDecoder

Logger

日志管理器 Slf4jLogger

RequestInterceptor

用于为每个请求添加通用逻辑










Feign日志
级别           打印内容        
NONE默认值 不记录日志
BASIC   仅记录请求方法、URL、响应状态代码以及执行时间
HEADERS 记录BASIC级别的基础上,记录请求和响应的header
FULL 记录请求和响应的header、body和元数据






自定义日志级别
package com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.feignclient;

import com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.configuration.PayFeignClientConfiguration;
import com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.domain.entity.pay.MallPay;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
* @author: yangchun
* @description:
* @date: Created in 2020-02-19 19:17
*/
@FeignClient(name = "pay",configuration = PayFeignClientConfiguration.class)
public interface PayFeignClient {
@GetMapping("/mallpay/{id}")
MallPay findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

package com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.configuration;

import feign.Logger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
* @author: yangchun
* @description:
* @date: Created in 2020-02-19 20:42
*/
@Configuration
public class PayFeignClientConfiguration {
@Bean
public Logger.Level logLevel(){
return Logger.Level.BASIC;
}
}


 
logging:
level:
com.fj.xiaofeiyang.pay.api.feignclient.PayFeignClient: debug
feign日志时建立再包必须输出日志上的,所以必须有debug
属性配置如下
feign:
client:
config:
pay:
loggerLevel: full
以上都是细粒度配置
全局配置两种方式
java代码方式
第一种添加Configuration,父子上下文重叠
第二种
@EnableFeignClients(defaultConfiguration = PayFeignClientConfiguration.class)

配置属性全局配置
feign:
client:
config:
#全局配置
default:
loggerLevel: full
支持的配置项
java代码方式
配置项           作用          

Logger.level

指定日志级别

Retryer

指定重试策略

ErrorDecodre

指定错误解码器

Request.options

超时

Collection<RequestInterceptor>

拦截器

SelectFactory

用于设置Hystrix配置属性,Feign整合Hystrix才会使用












属性配置方式支持的配置项
feign:
client:
config:
#全局配置
default:
loggerLevel: full
connectionTimeout: 5000
readTimeout: 5000
errerDecoder: com.demo.decoder
retryer: com.demo.retryer
requestInterceptors:
- com.demo.FooRequestInterceptor
decode404: false
encoder: com.demo.encoder
decoder: com.demo.decoder
contract: com.demo.Contract
Feign多参数请求
1、GET
@GetMapping("/q")
List<MallPay> query(@SpringQueryMap MallPay mallPay);

第一种不支持继承


@GetMapping("/q")
List<MallPay> query1(@RequestParam("id") Integer id);


@GetMapping("/q")
List<MallPay> query2(@RequestParam Map<String,Object> mallPay);

@GetMapping("/q")
public List<MallPay> query(MallPay mallPay){
return mallPayMapper.select(mallPay);
}
@GetMapping("/q")
public List<MallPay> query1(MallPay mallPay){
return mallPayMapper.select(mallPay);
}
@GetMapping("/q")
public List<MallPay> query2(MallPay mallPay){
return mallPayMapper.select(mallPay);
}
2、POST
@RequestMapping(value="/q3",method = RequestMethod.POST)
List<MallPay> query3(@RequestBody MallPay mallPay);
 Feign 脱离Ribbon使用如下
@FeignClient(name = "baidu",url = "http://www.baidu.com")
public interface BaiduFeignClient {
@GetMapping
public String index();
}
Feign和RestTemplate对比

角度           RestTemplate              Feign             
可读性、可维护性   一般 极好
开发体验 欠佳 极佳
性能 很好 中等RestTemplate50%
灵活性 极佳 中等内置功能可满足绝大多数需求







Feign的性能优化

1、配置连接池,性能提升15%
2、apache http client 或者okhttp client,下面两个依赖二选一

<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
<version>10.7.4</version>
</dependency>
配置也是二选一
feign:
client:
config:
#全局配置
default:
loggerLevel: full
httpclient:
enable: true
#最大连接数
max-connection: 200
#单个路径最大连接数
max-connection-per-route: 50
okhttp:
enable: true
max-connection: 200
#单个路径最大连接数
max-connection-per-route: 50
3、日志级别最好设置成basic

Feign的常见问题
1、使用案例
使用Feign上传文件
加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form</artifactId>
<version>3.0.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId>
<version>3.0.3</version>
</dependency>
写FeignClient
@FeignClient(name = "ms-content-sample", configuration = UploadFeignClient.MultipartSupportConfig.class)
public interface UploadFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST,
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE},
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file);

class MultipartSupportConfig {
@Bean
public Encoder feignFormEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder();
}
}
}
注意点
@RequestMapping(value = "/upload", method = RequestMethod.POST,
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE},
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
  • 中的produeces 、consumes 不能少;

  • 接口定义中的注解@RequestPart(value = "file") 不能写成@RequestParam(value = "file" 。

  • 最好将Hystrix的超时时间设长一点,例如5秒,否则可能文件还没上传完,Hystrix就超时了,从而导致客户端侧的报错。


使用Feign提交Form表单
加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</dependency>

编写FeignClient
@FeignClient(name = "xxx", url = "http://www.itmuch.com/", configuration = TestFeignClient.FormSupportConfig.class)
public interface TestFeignClient {
@PostMapping(value = "/test",
consumes = {MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE},
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE}
)
void post(Map<String, ?> queryParam);

class FormSupportConfig {
@Autowired
private ObjectFactory<HttpMessageConverters> messageConverters;
// new一个form编码器,实现支持form表单提交
@Bean
public Encoder feignFormEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder(new SpringEncoder(messageConverters));
}
// 开启Feign的日志
@Bean
public Logger.Level logger() {
return Logger.Level.FULL;
}
}
}
调用示例
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
HashMap<String, String> param = Maps.newHashMap();
param.put("username","zhangsan");
param.put("password","pwd");
this.testFeignClient.post(param);
return new User();
}
2、FeignClient接口使用@PathVariable,必须指定value属性
 
@FeignClient("microservice-provider-user") public interface UserFeignClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id); ... }
3、Java自定义配置类要防止父子上下文重叠
4、Feign注解属性
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user") 

在早期的Spring Cloud版本中,无需提供name属性,从Brixton版开始,@FeignClient必须提供name属性,否则应用将无法正常启动!

另外,name、url等属性支持占位符。例如:

@FeignClient(name = "${feign.name}", url = "${feign.url}")

5、类级别的RequestMapping会被SpringMVC加载
@RequestMapping("/users") @FeignClient(name = "microservice-user") public class TestFeignClient { // ... } 

类上的@RequestMapping 注解也会被Spring MVC加载。该问题现已经被解决,早期的版本有两种解决方案:

方案1:不在类上加@RequestMapping 注解;

方案2:添加如下代码:

@Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Feign.class }) public class FeignMappingDefaultConfiguration { @Bean public WebMvcRegistrations feignWebRegistrations() { return new WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter() { @Override public RequestMappingHandlerMapping getRequestMappingHandlerMapping() { return new FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping(); } }; } private static class FeignFilterRequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingHandlerMapping { @Override protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) { return super.isHandler(beanType) && !beanType.isInterface(); } } }
6、首次请求失败
一、将Hiystrix超时时间设置长
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds: 5000
二、禁止使用Hystrix超时
hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled: false
三、feign全局禁止使用Hystrix
feign.hystrix.enabled: false
局部禁止使用Hystrix
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user")
public interface UserFeignClient {
@GetMapping("/users/{id}")
User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
class FooConfiguration {
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public Feign.Builder feignBuilder(){
return Feign.builder();
}
}

四、为ribbon配置饥饿加载
ribbon:
eager-load:
enabled: true
clients: client1, client2, client3



7、产生Hystrix监控信息

Feign本身已经整合了Hystrix,可直接使用@FeignClient(value = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = XXX.class) 来指定fallback类,fallback类继承@FeignClient所标注的接口即可。

但是假设如需使用Hystrix Stream进行监控,默认情况下,访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream 是会返回404,这是因为Feign虽然整合了Hystrix,但并没有整合Hystrix的监控。如何添加监控支持呢?需要以下几步:

第一步:添加依赖,示例:

<!-- 整合hystrix,其实feign中自带了hystrix,引入该依赖主要是为了使用其中的hystrix-metrics-event-stream,用于dashboard --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> 

第二步:在启动类上添加@EnableCircuitBreaker 注解,示例:

@SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableCircuitBreaker public class MovieFeignHystrixApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MovieFeignHystrixApplication.class, args); } } 

第三步:在application.yml中添加如下内容,暴露hystrix.stream端点:

management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: 'hystrix.stream' 

这样,访问任意Feign Client接口的API后,再访问http://IP:PORT/actuator/hystrix.stream ,就会展示一大堆Hystrix监控数据了。

 
  
 


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