.NET Core微服务一:Consul服务中心


.NET Core微服务一:Consul服务中心

.NET Core微服务二:Ocelot API网关

.NET Core微服务三:polly熔断与降级

 

本文的项目代码,在文章结尾处可以下载。

本文使用的环境:Windows10 64位 + VS 2019 + .NET Core 3.1

Consul有关介绍:https://www.jianshu.com/p/32dc52f28a14

Consul官方网址:https://www.consul.io/

 

 

一、安装Consul

1.官网下载对应版本,并解压出来

 

2.打开cmd,cd到解压的目录,运行如下其中一条命令

本次演示都在同一台计算机上,所以本文选择命令一;这两条命令请在开发环境使用,生产环境不要使用。

命令一:“consul.exe agent -dev”服务中心的ip地址,将会使用127.0.0.1

命令二:“consul.exe agent -dev -client x.x.x.x”指定服务中心的ip地址

 

3.命令运行成功后,打开“http://127.0.0.1:8500/”,出现如下画面

 

 

二、创建服务

1.服务端项目大体结构:

 

2.新建.NET Core类库项目,命名为“ClassLibrary”,然后NuGet搜索并安装

“Consul”、“Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration”、“Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json”

Common.cs代码:

 1 using Consul;
 2 using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 3 using System;
 4 
 5 namespace ClassLibrary
 6 {
 7     public class Common
 8     {
 9         public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
10         static Common()
11         {
12             Configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false, true).Build();
13         }
14 
15         /// <summary>
16         /// 需要注册的服务地址
17         /// </summary>
18         public static string ConsulServiceIP
19         {
20             get
21             {
22                 return Configuration["Consul:ServiceIP"];
23             }
24         }
25 
26         /// <summary>
27         /// 需要注册的服务端口
28         /// </summary>
29         public static int ConsulServicePort
30         {
31             get
32             {
33                 string str = Configuration["Consul:ServicePort"];
34                 return int.Parse(str);
35             }
36         }
37 
38         /// <summary>
39         /// 服务注册
40         /// </summary>
41         public static void ConsulRegister()
42         {
43             ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(
44                 (ConsulClientConfiguration c) =>
45                 {
46                     c.Address = new Uri(Configuration["Consul:Address"]); //Consul服务中心地址
47                     c.Datacenter = Configuration["Consul:DataCenter"]; //指定数据中心,如果未提供,则默认为代理的数据中心。
48                 }
49             );
50             string checkUrl = Configuration["Consul:CheckUrl"];
51             client.Agent.ServiceRegister(new AgentServiceRegistration()
52             {
53                 ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), //服务编号,不可重复
54                 Name = Configuration["Consul:ServiceName"], //服务名称
55                 Port = ConsulServicePort, //本程序的端口号
56                 Address = ConsulServiceIP, //本程序的IP地址
57                 Check = new AgentServiceCheck()
58                 {
59                     DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1), //服务停止后多久注销
60                     Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), //服务健康检查间隔
61                     Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), //检查超时的时间
62                     HTTP = $"http://{ConsulServiceIP}:{ConsulServicePort}{checkUrl}" //检查的地址
63                 }
64             });
65         }
66 
67     }
68 }

 

3.新建.NET Core的webapi项目,命名为“ServiceStudent”,把“为HTTPS配置”的勾选去掉

Controller代码:

 1 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;  2 using System;  3 using System.Collections.Generic;  4 
 5 namespace ServiceStudent.Controllers  6 {  7     [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]  8  [ApiController]  9     public class DefaultController : ControllerBase 10  { 11         static List<Student> list = new List<Student>() { 12             new Student(){ ID = "001", StudentName = "学生1", StudentAge = 16 }, 13             new Student(){ ID = "002", StudentName = "学生2", StudentAge = 18 }, 14             new Student(){ ID = "003", StudentName = "学生3", StudentAge = 17 } 15  }; 16 
17         /// <summary>
18         /// 健康检查接口 19         /// </summary>
20  [HttpGet] 21         public string Check() 22  { 23             return "1"; 24  } 25 
26  [HttpGet] 27         public List<Student> GetList() 28  { 29  Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString()); 30             return list; 31  } 32 
33  [HttpGet] 34         public Student GetModel(string id) 35  { 36  Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString()); 37             return list.Find(t => t.ID == id); 38  } 39  } 40 }

 

其中有一段健康检查的接口,作用是让服务中心知道服务没有挂掉还能访问,不需要什么业务,所以怎么简单怎么来:

 

Model代码:

    public class Student { public string ID { get; set; } public string StudentName { get; set; } public int StudentAge { get; set; } }

 

appsettings.json的配置,加入"Consul",注意ServiceIP改为自己电脑的IP(这个不要配置为127.0.0.1,后面访问会不正常)

 1 {
 2   "Logging": {
 3     "LogLevel": {
 4       "Default": "Information",
 5       "Microsoft": "Warning",
 6       "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
 7     }
 8   },
 9   "AllowedHosts": "*",
10   "Consul": {
11     "Address": "http://127.0.0.1:8500",
12     "CheckUrl": "/api/Default/Check",
13     "DataCenter": "dc1",
14     "ServiceIP": "192.168.2.119",
15     "ServicePort": 551,
16     "ServiceName": "Student"
17   }
18 }

 

Program.cs的CreateHostBuilder方法改为:

1 public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
2     Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
3         .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
4         {
5             string ip = Common.ConsulServiceIP;
6             int port = Common.ConsulServicePort;
7             webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>().UseUrls($"http://{ip}:{port}");
8         });

 

在Startup.cs的Configure方法中加入“ClassLibrary.Common.ConsulRegister();”

这样一个“Student”服务就创建好了,“Teacher”服务也是如法炮制,但是需要改appsettings.json的服务名和端口号,代码就不贴了,请到文章结尾处下载。

 

 

三、启动服务

通过命令行来启动,打开cmd,cd到Debug目录,各自运行“dotnet ServiceStudent.dll”和“dotnet ServiceTeacher.dll”。

请检查端口有没有被占用或超出范围,如果失败了,在配置文件中换成其它端口试试。

 

服务运行成功后,打开“http://127.0.0.1:8500/”,如下画面注册成功

 

如果出现一项打X,那就是失败,这个服务会在1分钟之后被踢出列表

 

一个服务可能会部署到多个服务器上,用“Teacher”来模拟下多台机器运行。

前面运行好的服务不要关闭,打开Teacher的Debug目录下的配置文件,

修改它的端口号,服务名不用改,再新开一个cmd,运行“dotnet ServiceTeacher.dll”

 

那么服务中心就会有变化

 

 

四、使用服务

1.客户端项目大体结构:

 

2.新建.net core类库项目,命名为“ClassLibrary”,然后NuGet搜索并安装

“Consul”、“Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration”

Common.cs代码:

using Consul; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using System; using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ClassLibrary { public class Common { public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; } static Common() { Configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false, true).Build(); } public static string ConsulAddress { get { return Configuration["ConsulAddress"]; } } /// <summary>
        /// 获取服务 /// </summary>
        public static string GetService(string serviceName) { ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(c => c.Address = new Uri(ConsulAddress)); var response = client.Agent.Services().Result.Response; //服务名称区分大小写,若要不区分:Equals(serviceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
            var services = response.Where(s => s.Value.Service.Equals(serviceName)).Select(s => s.Value); //进行取模,随机取得一个服务器,或者使用其它负载均衡策略
            var service = services.ElementAt(Environment.TickCount % services.Count()); return service.Address + ":" + service.Port; } /// <summary>
        /// 获取服务(异步方法) /// </summary>
        public async Task<string> GetService2(string serviceName) { ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(c => c.Address = new Uri(ConsulAddress)); var response = (await client.Agent.Services()).Response; //服务名称区分大小写,若要不区分:Equals(serviceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
            var services = response.Where(s => s.Value.Service.Equals(serviceName)).Select(s => s.Value); //进行取模,随机取得一个服务器,或者使用其它负载均衡策略
            var service = services.ElementAt(Environment.TickCount % services.Count()); return service.Address + ":" + service.Port; } public static string HttpGetString(string url) { HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); string result = httpClient.GetAsync(url) .Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result; httpClient.Dispose(); return result; } public static T HttpGetObject<T>(string url) { string result = HttpGetString(url); return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(result); } } }

 

3.新建.NET Core的webapi项目,命名为“ClientSite”,把“为HTTPS配置”的勾选去掉

StudentController代码:

 1 using ClassLibrary;  2 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;  3 using System.Collections.Generic;  4 
 5 namespace ClientSite.Controllers  6 {  7     [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]  8  [ApiController]  9     public class StudentController : ControllerBase 10  { 11  [HttpGet] 12         public object GetList() 13  { 14             string ip = Common.GetService("Student"); 15             List<Student> list = Common.HttpGetObject<List<Student>>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetList"); 16             return new
17  { 18                 address = ip, 19                 data = list 20  }; 21  } 22 
23  [HttpGet] 24         public object GetModel(string id) 25  { 26             string ip = Common.GetService("Student"); 27             Student model = Common.HttpGetObject<Student>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetModel?id={id}"); 28             return new
29  { 30                 address = ip, 31                 data = model 32  }; 33  } 34  } 35 }

 

TeacherController代码:

 1 using ClassLibrary;  2 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;  3 using System.Collections.Generic;  4 
 5 namespace ClientSite.Controllers  6 {  7     [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]  8  [ApiController]  9     public class TeacherController : ControllerBase 10  { 11  [HttpGet] 12         public object GetList() 13  { 14             string ip = Common.GetService("Teacher"); 15             List<Teacher> list = Common.HttpGetObject<List<Teacher>>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetList"); 16             return new
17  { 18                 address = ip, 19                 data = list 20  }; 21  } 22 
23  [HttpGet] 24         public object GetModel(string id) 25  { 26             string ip = Common.GetService("Teacher"); 27             Teacher model = Common.HttpGetObject<Teacher>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetModel?id={id}"); 28             return new
29  { 30                 address = ip, 31                 data = model 32  }; 33  } 34  } 35 }

 

appsettings.json加入:

"ConsulAddress": "http://127.0.0.1:8500"

 

4.用VS启动站点,然后用postman访问

“http://ip:port/api/Student/GetList”

“http://ip:port/api/Student/GetModel?id=002”

 

 

多次访问“http://ip:port/api/Teacher/GetList”,则address会随机切换,注意看返回的端口号

 

 

 

 

代码:https://files.cnblogs.com/files/shousiji/netcore_wfw.rar

 


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