201871010111-刘佳华《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结
实验时间 2019-10-11
1、实验目的与要求
1) 掌握四种访问权限修饰符的使用特点;
(1)进一步理解4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途;
A.仅对本类可见-private
B.对所有类可见-public
C.对本包和所有子类可见-protected
D.对本包可见-默认,,不需要修饰符
2) 掌握Object类的用途及常用API;
3) 掌握ArrayList类的定义方法及用法;
4)掌握枚举类定义方法及用途;
5)结合本章实验内容,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1: 在“System.out.println(...);”语句处按注释要求设计代码替换...,观察代码录入中IDE提示,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。
class Parent { private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性"; public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性"; protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性"; String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性"; private void pMethod1() { System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void pMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void pMethod3() { System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void pMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } class Son extends Parent{ private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性"; public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性"; protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性"; String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性"; public void sMethod1() { System.out.println(...);//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值 System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void sMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void sMethod() { System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void sMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Parent parent=new Parent(); Son son=new Son(); System.out.println(...); //分别尝试用parent调用Paren类的方法、用son调用Son类的方法 } } |

public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Parent parent=new Parent(); Son son=new Son(); //System.out.println(...); //分别尝试用parent调用Parent类的方法、访问值; parent.pMethod2(); parent.pMethod3(); parent.pMethod4();//由于pMethod1为私有的,所以不能用parent.pMethod1调用 System.out.println(parent.p2); System.out.println(parent.p3); System.out.println(parent.p4); System.out.println("**********************************"); //用son调用Son类的方法 son.sMethod1(); son.sMethod3(); son.sMethod4(); System.out.println("**********************************"); //用son调用parent类的方法 son.pMethod2(); System.out.println("**********************************"); } }

package SY1; public class Parent { private String p1 = "这是Parent的私有属性"; public String p2 = "这是Parent的公有属性"; protected String p3 = "这是Parent受保护的属性"; String p4 = "这是Parent的默认属性"; private void pMethod1() { System.out.println("我是Parent用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void pMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Parent用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void pMethod3() { System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void pMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Parent无修饰符修饰的方法"); } }

package SY1; Public class Son extends Parent{ private String s1 = "这是Son的私有属性"; public String s2 = "这是Son的公有属性"; protected String s3 = "这是Son受保护的属性"; String s4 = "这是Son的默认属性"; public void sMethod1() { System.out.println(p2);//分别尝试显示Parent类的p1、p2、p3、p4值 System.out.println("我是Son用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void sMethod2() { System.out.println("我是Son用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void sMethod3() { System.out.println("我是Son用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void sMethod4() { System.out.println("我是Son无修饰符修饰的方法"); } }
运行截图:
@@当新建一个以LJH的包,把Parent.java文件移动到LJH的包中时,通过在Damo.java 中加入import LJH.Parent;
但是由于Damo.java和Parent.java 不在同一个包中,一些属性及方法将在访问时产生错误,这也让我深刻认识到了权限修饰符的作用;如下图:
实验2:导入第5章以下示例程序,测试并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
l 运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10,结合程序运行结果理解程序(教材174页-177页);
l 删除程序中Employee类、Manager类中的equals()、hasCode()、toString()方法,背录删除方法,在代码录入中理解类中重写Object父类方法的技术要点。

package equals; import java.time.*; import java.util.Objects; public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { // 快速测试,看看这些对象是否相同 if (this == otherObject) return true; // 如果显式参数为空,则必须返回false if (otherObject == null) return false; // 如果类不匹配,它们就不能相等 if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; // 现在我们知道otherObject是一个非空雇员 var other = (Employee) otherObject; // 测试字段是否具有相同的值 return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay); } public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); } public String toString() { return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }

package equals; /** * This program demonstrates the equals method. * @version 1.12 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EqualsTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); var alice2 = alice1; var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1); System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2)); System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob)); System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob); var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); boss.setBonus(5000); System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss); System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss)); System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode()); System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode()); System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode()); System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode()); } }

package equals; public class Manager extends Employee { private double bonus; public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { super(name, salary, year, month, day); bonus = 0; } public double getSalary() { double baseSalary = super.getSalary(); return baseSalary + bonus; } public void setBonus(double bonus) { this.bonus = bonus; } @Override public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false; var other = (Manager) otherObject; // super.equals检查这个和其他属于同一个类 return bonus == other.bonus; } @Override public int hashCode() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return super.hashCode(); } @Override public String toString() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return super.toString(); } /*public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false; var other = (Manager) otherObject; // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class return bonus == other.bonus; } public int hashCode() { return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus); } public String toString() { return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]"; }*/ }
运行结果:
测试程序2:
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行程序5-11(教材182页),结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;
l 设计适当的代码,测试ArrayList类的set()、get()、remove()、size()等方法的用法。

package arrayList; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class. * @version 1.11 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ArrayListTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // 用三个Employee对象填充staff数组列表 var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>(); staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); // 把每个人的薪水提高5% for (Employee e : staff) e.raiseSalary(5); // 打印所有Employee对象的信息 for (Employee e : staff) System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" + e.getHireDay()); } }

package arrayList; import java.time.*; public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } }
运行结果:
更改后的ArrayListTest代码如下:

1 package arrayList; 2 3 import java.util.*; 4 5 /** 6 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class. 7 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26 8 * @author Cay Horstmann 9 */ 10 public class ArrayListTest 11 { 12 public static void main(String[] args) 13 { 14 // 用三个Employee对象填充staff数组列表 15 var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>(); 16 17 staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); 18 staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); 19 staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); 20 21 System.out.println(staff.get(1)); 22 staff.set(1, new Employee("liujiahua", 50000, 2019, 10, 11)); 23 System.out.println(staff.size()); 24 staff.remove(2); 25 26 // 把每个人的薪水提高5% 27 for (Employee e : staff) 28 e.raiseSalary(5); 29 30 // 打印所有Employee对象的信息 31 for (Employee e : staff) 32 System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 33 + e.getHireDay()); 34 } 35 }
运行代码之后截图:
可以看到,在修改代码之后运行可以看出,通过get()方法获得下标为1的元素储存位置,即地址通过;set()方法,修改在ArrayList<>中下标1添加new Employee("liujiahua", 50000, 2019, 10, 11);
通过get()方法获得数组下标为1的元素输出、通过remove()方法删除下标为2的数组元素、并且通过size()方法代替.length得到数组的长度。
测试程序3:
l 编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页),结合运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握枚举类的定义及用法;
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;
l 删除程序中Size枚举类,背录删除代码,在代码录入中掌握枚举类的定义要求。

package enums; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates enumerated types. * @version 1.0 2004-05-24 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EnumTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) "); String input = in.next().toUpperCase(); Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input); System.out.println("size=" + size); System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation()); if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE) System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _."); } } enum Size { SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL"); private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; } public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } private String abbreviation; }
运行结果:
测试程序4:录入以下代码,结合程序运行结果了解方法的可变参数用法
public class TestVarArgus { public static void dealArray(int... intArray){ for (int i : intArray) System.out.print(i +" ");
System.out.println(); } public static void main(String args[]){ dealArray(); dealArray(1); dealArray(1, 2, 3); dealArray(1, 2, 3, 4); dealArray(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); dealArray(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); } } |
运行截图:
实验:3:编程练习:参照输出样例补全程序,使程序输出结果与输出样例一致。
public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Son son = new Son(); son.method(); } } class Parent { Parent() { System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter"); } Parent(boolean b) { System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter"); } public void method() { System.out.println("Parent's method()"); } } class Son extends Parent { //补全本类定义 } |
程序运行结果如下:
Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter
Son's Constructor without parameter
Son's method()
Parent's method()
代码如下:

package LJH; public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Son son = new Son(); son.method(); } } class Parent { Parent() { System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter"); } Parent(boolean b) { System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter"); } public void method() { System.out.println("Parent's method()"); } } class Son extends Parent { void Parent() { System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter"); } public void method() { Parent(); System.out.println("Son's method()"); super.method(); } //补全本类定义 } /* Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter Son's Constructor without parameter Son's method() Parent's method()*/
运行结果:
实验总结:
通过本周的实验,我掌握理解了成员访问权限的四个修饰符,Object类和ArrayList类的常用方法,API以及枚举使用方法。在处理一些问题中,我了解到了我的不足,编程能力还远远不行。在继承学习中,仍有一些父类和子类的关系没搞懂;继承程序构造技术还不太熟练,需要继续学习巩固。