curl 用法

背景 

linux上发起http请求

 

使用方法

 

# get请求
curl "http://jwen.me/" # 获取返回的信息头 curl -i "http://jwen.me/" # post请求 curl -X POST -d "name=jwen&age=29" "http://jwen.me/" # 自定义header curl -H "Accept-Language: en-US" "http://jwen.me/" # 采用压缩方式接收返回数据 curl --compressed "https://www.cmcm.com/app-ads.txt"

 

 

官方说明：

Usage: curl [options...] <url>
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
     --anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H) -a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP) --basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H) --cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL) --capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL) -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL) --cert-status Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL) --cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL) --compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip) -K, --config FILE Read config from FILE --connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection --connect-to HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2 Connect to host (network level) -C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer OFFSET -b, --cookie STRING/FILE Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H) -c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to FILE after operation (H) --create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy --crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload --crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file -d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H) --data-raw DATA HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H) --data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H) --data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H) --data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H) --delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission --digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H) --disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F) --disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F) --dns-servers DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2 --dns-interface Interface to use for DNS requests --dns-ipv4-addr IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation --dns-ipv6-addr IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation -D, --dump-header FILE Write the received headers to FILE --egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL) --engine ENGINE Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL) --expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H) -f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H) --fail-early Fail on first transfer error, do not continue --false-start Enable TLS False Start. -F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H) --ftp-account DATA Account data string (F) --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F) --ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F) --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F) --ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F) -P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F) --ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F) --ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F) --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F) --ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F) -G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H) -g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and [] -H, --header LINE Pass custom header LINE to server (H) -I, --head Show document info only -h, --help This help text --hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH) -0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H) --http1.1 Use HTTP 1.1 (H) --http2 Use HTTP 2 (H) --http2-prior-knowledge Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (H) --ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header -i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F) -k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H) --interface INTERFACE Use network INTERFACE (or address) -4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address -6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address -j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H) --keepalive-time SECONDS Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes --key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH) --key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F) --libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line --limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to RATE -l, --list-only List only mode (F/POP3) --local-port RANGE Force use of RANGE for local port numbers -L, --location Follow redirects (H) --location-trusted Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H) --login-options OPTIONS Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -M, --manual Display the full manual --mail-from FROM Mail from this address (SMTP) --mail-rcpt TO Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP) --mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email (SMTP) --max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F) --max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H) -m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer --metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file --negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H) -n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password --netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n --netrc-file FILE Specify FILE for netrc -:, --next Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options --no-alpn Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H) -N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream --no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection --no-npn Disable the NPN TLS extension (H) --no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL) --noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy --ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H) --ntlm-wb Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind (H) --oauth2-bearer TOKEN OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -o, --output FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout --pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH) --path-as-is Do not squash .. sequences in URL path --pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL) --post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H) --post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H) --post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H) --preproxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Proxy before HTTP(S) proxy -#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar --proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable PROTOCOLS --proto-default PROTOCOL Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme --proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port --proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H) --proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy (SSL) --proxy-capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against for proxy (SSL) --proxy-cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password for proxy (SSL) --proxy-cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) for proxy (SSL) --proxy-ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use for proxy (SSL) --proxy-crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file for proxy --proxy-insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs for proxy (H) --proxy-key KEY Private key file name for proxy (SSL) --proxy-key-type TYPE Private key file type for proxy (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL) --proxy-negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H) --proxy-header LINE Pass custom header LINE to proxy (H) --proxy-pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key for proxy (SSL) --proxy-ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop for proxy (SSL) --proxy-tlsv1 Use TLSv1 for proxy (SSL) --proxy-tlsuser USER TLS username for proxy --proxy-tlspassword STRING TLS password for proxy --proxy-tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type for proxy (default SRP) --proxy-service-name NAME SPNEGO proxy service name --service-name NAME SPNEGO service name -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port -p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT) --pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH) -Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP) --random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL) -r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE --raw Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H) -e, --referer Referer URL (H) -J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H) -O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file --remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs -R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output  -X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use  --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS  --retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur  --retry-connrefused Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)  --retry-delay SECONDS Wait SECONDS between retries  --retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period  --sasl-ir Enable initial response in SASL authentication  -S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur  -s, --silent Silent mode (don't output anything) --socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port --socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port --socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy --socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API --socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server -Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs -y, --speed-time SECONDS Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30) --ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) --ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP) -2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL) -3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL) --ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL) --ssl-no-revoke Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL) --stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout) --tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option --tcp-fastopen Use TCP Fast Open -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option --tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512) --tftp-no-options Do not send TFTP options requests -z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition -1, --tlsv1 Use >= TLSv1 (SSL) --tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL) --tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL) --tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL) --tlsv1.3 Use TLSv1.3 (SSL) --trace FILE Write a debug trace to FILE --trace-ascii FILE Like --trace, but without hex output --trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output --tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H) -T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination --url URL URL to work with -B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password --tlsuser USER TLS username --tlspassword STRING TLS password --tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default: SRP) --unix-socket PATH Connect through this Unix domain socket --abstract-unix-socket PATH Connect to an abstract Unix domain socket -A, --user-agent STRING Send User-Agent STRING to server (H) -v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative -V, --version Show version number and quit -w, --write-out FORMAT Use output FORMAT after completion --xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes -q, --disable Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter) 

 

参考文档：

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2019/09/curl-reference.html

https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manual.html

https://curl.haxx.se/docs/manpage.html