python采集小说网站完整教程（附完整代码）

python 采集网站数据，本教程用的是scrapy蜘蛛

1、安装Scrapy框架

 命令行执行：

pip install scrapy

安装的scrapy依赖包和原先你安装的其他python包有冲突话，推荐使用Virtualenv安装

安装完成后，随便找个文件夹创建爬虫

scrapy startproject 你的蜘蛛名称

文件夹目录

爬虫规则写在spiders目录下

items.py ——需要爬取的数据

pipelines.py ——执行数据保存

settings —— 配置

middlewares.py——下载器

下面是采集一个小说网站的源码

先在items.py定义采集的数据

# 2019年8月12日17:41:08
# author zhangxi<[e-mail]> import scrapy class BookspiderItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: i = scrapy.Field() book_name = scrapy.Field() book_img = scrapy.Field() book_author = scrapy.Field() book_last_chapter = scrapy.Field() book_last_time = scrapy.Field() book_list_name = scrapy.Field() book_content = scrapy.Field() pass

编写采集规则

# 2019年8月12日17:41:08
# author zhangxi<[e-mail]> import scrapy from ..items import BookspiderItem class Book(scrapy.Spider): name = "BookSpider" start_urls = [ 'http://www.xbiquge.la/xiaoshuodaquan/' ] def parse(self, response): bookAllList = response.css('.novellist:first-child>ul>li') for all in bookAllList: booklist = all.css('a::attr(href)').extract_first() yield scrapy.Request(booklist,callback=self.list) def list(self,response): book_name = response.css('#info>h1::text').extract_first() book_img = response.css('#fmimg>img::attr(src)').extract_first() book_author = response.css('#info p:nth-child(2)::text').extract_first() book_last_chapter = response.css('#info p:last-child::text').extract_first() book_last_time = response.css('#info p:nth-last-child(2)::text').extract_first() bookInfo = { 'book_name':book_name, 'book_img':book_img, 'book_author':book_author, 'book_last_chapter':book_last_chapter, 'book_last_time':book_last_time } list = response.css('#list>dl>dd>a::attr(href)').extract() i = 0 for var in list: i += 1 bookInfo['i'] = i # 获取抓取时的顺序，保存数据时按顺序保存 yield scrapy.Request('http://www.xbiquge.la'+var,meta=bookInfo,callback=self.info) def info(self,response): self.log(response.meta['book_name']) content = response.css('#content::text').extract() item = BookspiderItem() item['i'] = response.meta['i'] item['book_name'] = response.meta['book_name'] item['book_img'] = response.meta['book_img'] item['book_author'] = response.meta['book_author'] item['book_last_chapter'] = response.meta['book_last_chapter'] item['book_last_time'] = response.meta['book_last_time'] item['book_list_name'] = response.css('.bookname h1::text').extract_first() item['book_content'] = ''.join(content) yield item

保存数据

import os
class BookspiderPipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): curPath = 'E:/小说/' tempPath = str(item['book_name']) targetPath = curPath + tempPath if not os.path.exists(targetPath): os.makedirs(targetPath) book_list_name = str(str(item['i'])+item['book_list_name']) filename_path = targetPath+'/'+book_list_name+'.txt' print('------------') print(filename_path) with open(filename_path,'a',encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(item['book_content']) return item

执行

scrapy crawl  BookSpider

即可完成一个小说程序的采集

这里推荐使用 

scrapy shell 爬取的网页url

然后 response.css('') 测试规则是否正确

本教程程序源码：github:https://github.com/zhangxi-key/py-book.git