消费端的手工ACK和NACK
消费端进行消费的时候,如果由于业务异常我们可以进行日志的记录,然后进行补偿。
如果由于服务器宕机等严重问题,那么我们就需要手工进行ACK保障消费端成功。
消费端重回队列
为了对没有处理成功的消息,把消息重新回递给Broker。
一般我们在实际应用中,都会关闭重回队列,也就是设置为false。
//生产端代码
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); String exchange = "test_ack_exchange"; String routingKey = "ack.save"; for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){ Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<String, Object>(); headers.put("num", i); AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder() .deliveryMode(2) .contentEncoding("UTF-8") .headers(headers) .build(); String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ ACK Message " + i; channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes()); }
//消费端代码
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); String exchangeName = "test_ack_exchange"; String queueName = "test_ack_queue"; String routingKey = "ack.#"; channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null); channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null); channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); // 手工签收 必须要关闭 autoAck = false
channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
//自定义消费者
private Channel channel ; public MyConsumer(Channel channel) { super(channel); this.channel = channel; } @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { System.err.println("-----------consume message----------"); System.err.println("body: " + new String(body)); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if((Integer)properties.getHeaders().get("num") == 0) { channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true); } else { channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false); } }
TTL队列/消息
TTL是time to live的缩写,也就是生存时间
RabbitMQ支持消息的过期时间,在消息发送时可以进行指定
RabbitMQ支持队列的过期时间,从消息入队列开始计算,只要超过了队列的超过时间配置,那么消息会自动的清除。
消息10s过期,TTL是队列过期时间。
DLX死信队列
DLX,Dead-Letter-Exchange
利用DLX,当消息在一个队列中变成死信之后,它能够被重新publish到另一个exchange,这个exchange就是DLX。
消息变成死信情况:
消息被拒绝(basic.reject/basic.nack)并且request=false
消息TTL过期
队列达到最大的长度
DLX也是一个正常的exchange,和一般的exchange没有区别,他能在任何的队列上被指定,实际上就是设置某个队列的属性。
当这个队列中有死信时,RabbitMQ就会自动的将这个消息重新发布到设置的exchange上去,进而被路由到另一个队列。
可以监听这个队列中消息做相应的处理,这个特性可以弥补RabbitMQ3.0以前支持的immediate参数的功能。
死信队列设置:
首先要设置死信队列的exchange和queue,然后进行绑定:
Exchange:dlx.exchange
Queue:dlx.queue
RoutingKey:#
然后我们进行正常声明交换机,队列,绑定,只不过我们需要在队列加上一个参数:arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange","dlx.exchange");
这样消息在过期、request、队列子啊达到最大长度时, 消息就可以直接路由到死信队列。
//生产者端代码
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); String exchange = "test_dlx_exchange"; String routingKey = "dlx.save"; String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ DLX Message"; for(int i =0; i<1; i ++){ AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder() .deliveryMode(2) .contentEncoding("UTF-8") .expiration("10000") .build(); channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes()); }
//消费者端代码
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1"); connectionFactory.setPort(5672); connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/"); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 这就是一个普通的交换机 和 队列 以及路由
String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange"; String routingKey = "dlx.#"; String queueName = "test_dlx_queue"; channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null); Map<String, Object> agruments = new HashMap<String, Object>(); agruments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "dlx.exchange"); //这个agruments属性,要设置到声明队列上
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, agruments); channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey); //要进行死信队列的声明:
channel.exchangeDeclare("dlx.exchange", "topic", true, false, null); channel.queueDeclare("dlx.queue", true, false, false, null); channel.queueBind("dlx.queue", "dlx.exchange", "#"); channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
//自定义消费者
public MyConsumer(Channel channel) { super(channel); } @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { System.err.println("-----------consume message----------"); System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag); System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope); System.err.println("properties: " + properties); System.err.println("body: " + new String(body)); }