会话技术之Session
session:服务器端会话技术
当我们第一次访问的服务器的时候,服务器获取id,
能获取id
要拿着这个id去服务器中查找有无此session
若查找到了:直接拿过来将数据保存,需要将当前sessin的id返回给浏览器
若查找不到:创建一个session,将数据保存到这个session中,将当前session的id返回给浏览器
不能获取id
创建一个session,将数据保存到这个session中,将当前session的id返回给浏览器
获取一个session:
HttpSession request.getSession()
session域对象: xxxAttribute 生命周期: 创建:第一次调用request.getsession()创建 销毁: 服务器非正常关闭 session超时 默认时间超时:30分钟 web.xml有配置 手动设置超时:setMaxInactiveInterval(int 秒) 了解 手动干掉session ★session.invalidate() session用来存放私有的数据.
案例-添加、查看购物车:
步骤分析: 1.点击添加到购物车的时候,提交到一个servlet add2CartServlet 需要将商品名称携带过去 2.add2CartServlet中的操作 获取商品的名称 将商品添加到购物车 购物车的结构 Map<String 名称,Integer 购买数量> 将购物车放入session中就可以了 将商品添加到购物车分析: 获取购物车 判断购物车是否为空 若为空: 第一次添加 创建一个购物车 将当前商品put进去.数量:1 将购物车放入session中 若不为空:继续判断购物车中是否有该商品 若有: 取出count 将数量+1 将商品再次放入购物车中 若没有: 将当前商品put进去 数量:1 提示信息:你的xx已添加到购物车中 3.点击购物车链接的时候 cart.jsp 从session获取购物车 判断购物车是否为空 若为空:提示信息 若不为空:遍历购物车即可
项目的结构如下:
web.xml配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Add2CartServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.hjh.session.Add2CartServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Add2CartServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/add2Cart</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
商品展示页面product_list.jsp
<%@page import="com.hjh.utils.CookieUtils"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>会员登录</title>
<style> body { margin-top: 20px; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; } .carousel-inner .item img { width: 100%; height: 300px; } .row{ height:280px; } .col-md-2{ float:left; margin-right: 100px; margin-left:10px; margin-top:10px; } </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="row" style="width:1210px;margin:0 auto;">
<div class="col-md-2">
<a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=1">
<img src="./img/cs10001.jpg" width="170" height="170" style="display: inline-block;">
</a>
<p><a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=1" style='color:green'>衣服</a></p>
<p><font color="#FF0000">商城价:¥299.00</font></p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
<a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=2">
<img src="img/cs10002.jpg" width="170" height="170" style="display: inline-block;">
</a>
<p><a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=2" style='color:green'>眼镜</a></p>
<p><font color="#FF0000">商城价:¥299.00</font></p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
<a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=3">
<img src="img/cs10003.jpg" width="170" height="170" style="display: inline-block;">
</a>
<p><a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=3" style='color:green'>包</a></p>
<p><font color="#FF0000">商城价:¥299.00</font></p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
<a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=4">
<img src="img/cs10004.jpg" width="170" height="170" style="display: inline-block;">
</a>
<p><a href="/CookieSession/getProductById?id=4" style='color:green'>手机</a></p>
<p><font color="#FF0000">商城价:¥299.00</font></p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 商品浏览记录: -->
<div style="width:1210px;margin:0 auto; padding: 0 9px;border: 1px solid #ddd;border-top: 2px solid #999;height: 246px;">
<h4 style="width: 50%;float: left;font: 14px/30px " 微软雅黑 ";">
浏览记录<small><a href="/CookieSession/clearHistory">清空</a></small></h4>
<div style="width: 50%;float: right;text-align: right;"><a href="">more</a></div>
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;">
<ul style="list-style: none;">
<%
//获取指定名称的cookie
Cookie cookie=CookieUtils.getCookieByName("ids", request.getCookies()); //判断id是否为空
if(cookie==null){ %>
<h2>暂无浏览记录</h2>
<% }else{//ids=3-2-5
String [] arr=cookie.getValue().split("-"); for(String id:arr){ %>
<li style="width: 150px;height: 216;float: left;margin: 0 8px 0 0;padding: 0 18px 15px;
text-align: center;"><img src="img/cs1000<%=id %>.jpg" width="130px" height="130px" />
</li>
<% } } %>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
购物车页面cart.jsp:
<%@page import="org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.ForEach"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" align="center" width="30%">
<tr>
<td>商品名</td>
<td>数量</td>
</tr>
<%
//获取购物车
Map<String,Integer> map = (Map<String, Integer>) request.getSession().getAttribute("cart"); //判断购物车是否为空
if(map==null){ //购物车为空
out.print("<tr><td colspan='2'>亲,购物车空空如也,先去逛逛~</td></tr>"); }else{ //若不为空,显示商品名及数量信息
for(String name:map.keySet()){ out.print("<tr><td>"+name+"</td><td>"+map.get(name)+"</td></tr>"); } } %>
</table>
<hr>
<center>
<a href="/CookieSession/product_list.jsp">继续购物</a>
</center>
</body>
</html>
product_info1.htm:
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>会员登录</title> <style> body { margin-top: 20px; margin: 0 auto; } .carousel-inner .item img { width: 100%; height: 300px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="col-md-6"> <div><strong>衣服</strong></div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #dddddd;width:350px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;"> <div>编号:751</div> </div> <div style="margin:10px 0 10px 0;">亿家价: <strong style="color:#ef0101;">¥:100元/件</strong> 参 考 价:
<del>¥99.00元/件</del> </div> <div style="padding:10px;border:1px solid #e7dbb1;width:330px;margin:15px 0 10px 0;;background-color: #fffee6;"> <div style="margin:5px 0 10px 0;">白色</div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #faeac7;margin-top:20px;padding-left: 10px;">购买数量: <input id="quantity" name="quantity" value="1" maxlength="4" size="10" type="text"> </div> <div style="margin:20px 0 10px 0;;text-align: center;"> <a href="/CookieSession/add2Cart?name=衣服"> <input style="background: url('./images/product.gif') no-repeat scroll 0 -600px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
height:36px;width:127px;" value="加入购物车" type="button"> </a> 收藏商品</div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="width:950px;margin:0 auto;"> <div style="background-color:#d3d3d3;width:930px;padding:10px 10px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;"> <strong>商品介绍</strong> </div> <div> <img src="img/cs10001.jpg"> </div> </div> </body> </html>
product_info2.htm
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>会员登录</title>
<style> body { margin-top: 20px; margin: 0 auto; } .carousel-inner .item img { width: 100%; height: 300px; } </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div style="margin:0 auto;width:950px;">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div><strong>眼镜</strong></div>
<div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #dddddd;width:350px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;">
<div>编号:751</div>
</div>
<div style="margin:10px 0 10px 0;">亿家价: <strong style="color:#ef0101;">¥:200元/件</strong>
参 考 价: <del>¥199.00元/件</del>
</div>
<div style="padding:10px;border:1px solid #e7dbb1;width:330px;margin:15px 0 10px 0
;background-color: #fffee6;">
<div style="margin:5px 0 10px 0;">白色</div>
<div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #faeac7;margin-top:20px;padding-left: 10px;">购买数量: <input id="quantity" name="quantity" value="1" maxlength="4" size="10" type="text"> </div>
<div style="margin:20px 0 10px 0;;text-align: center;">
<a href="/CookieSession/add2Cart?name=眼镜">
<input style="background: url('./images/product.gif') no-repeat scroll 0 -600px
rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);height:36px;width:127px;" value="加入购物车" type="button">
</a> 收藏商品</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div style="width:950px;margin:0 auto;">
<div style="background-color:#d3d3d3;width:930px;padding:10px 10px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;">
<strong>商品介绍</strong>
</div>
<div>
<img src="img/cs10002.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
product_info3.htm
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>会员登录</title>
<style> body { margin-top: 20px; margin: 0 auto; } .carousel-inner .item img { width: 100%; height: 300px; } </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div style="margin:0 auto;width:950px;">
<div class="col-md-6">
<div><strong>包</strong></div>
<div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #dddddd;width:350px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;">
<div>编号:751</div>
</div>
<div style="margin:10px 0 10px 0;">亿家价: <strong style="color:#ef0101;">¥:300元/份</strong>
参 考 价: <del>¥299.00元/份</del>
</div>
<div style="padding:10px;border:1px solid #e7dbb1;width:330px;margin:15px 0 10px 0
;background-color: #fffee6;">
<div style="margin:5px 0 10px 0;">白色</div>
<div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #faeac7;margin-top:20px;padding-left: 10px;">购买数量: <input id="quantity" name="quantity" value="1" maxlength="4" size="10" type="text"> </div>
<div style="margin:20px 0 10px 0;;text-align: center;">
<a href="/CookieSession/add2Cart?name=包">
<input style="background: url('./images/product.gif') no-repeat scroll 0 -600px
rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);height:36px;width:127px;" value="加入购物车" type="button">
</a> 收藏商品</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<div style="width:950px;margin:0 auto;">
<div style="background-color:#d3d3d3;width:930px;padding:10px 10px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;">
<strong>商品介绍</strong>
</div>
<div>
<img src="img/cs10003.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
product_info4.htm
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>会员登录</title> <style> body { margin-top: 20px; margin: 0 auto; } .carousel-inner .item img { width: 100%; height: 300px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div style="margin:0 auto;width:950px;"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div><strong>手机</strong></div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px dotted #dddddd;width:350px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;"> <div>编号:751</div> </div> <div style="margin:10px 0 10px 0;">亿家价: <strong style="color:#ef0101;">¥:400元/份</strong> 参 考 价: <del>¥388.00元/份</del> </div> <div style="padding:10px;border:1px solid #e7dbb1;width:330px;margin:15px 0 10px 0;;background-color: #fffee6;"> <div style="margin:5px 0 10px 0;">白色</div> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #faeac7;margin-top:20px;padding-left: 10px;">购买数量: <input id="quantity" name="quantity" value="1" maxlength="4" size="10" type="text"> </div> <div style="margin:20px 0 10px 0;;text-align: center;"> <a href="/CookieSession/add2Cart?name=手机"> <input style="background: url('./images/product.gif') no-repeat scroll 0 -600px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);height:36px;width:127px;" value="加入购物车" type="button"> </a> 收藏商品</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div style="width:950px;margin:0 auto;"> <div style="background-color:#d3d3d3;width:930px;padding:10px 10px;margin:10px 0 10px 0;"> <strong>商品介绍</strong> </div> <div> <img src="img/cs10004.jpg" style="width:300px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
Add2CartServlet.java源码:
package com.hjh.session; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * 添加到购物车、查看购物车 */
public class Add2CartServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); //1.获取商品的名称,要考虑中文乱码
String name = request.getParameter("name"); //2.将商品添加到购物车 //2.1从session中获取购物车 商品名 数量
Map<String,Integer> map = (Map<String, Integer>) request.getSession().getAttribute("cart"); Integer count= null; //2.2判断购物车是否为空
if(map==null) { //第一次购物,创建购物车
map = new HashMap<>(); //创建完购物车,放入session中
request.getSession().setAttribute("cart", map); //第一次加入商品到购物车,默认不选择数量为1
count=1; }else { //购物车不为空,继续判断购物车中是否有同种商品 //map购物车通过商品名查找其数量
count = map.get(name); if(count==null) { //购物车没有当前商品
count = 1; }else { //购物车已经存在该商品
count++; } } //将商品以及数量等新数据放入购物车
map.put(name,count); //3.提示信息
PrintWriter w = response.getWriter(); w.print("已经将<b>"+name+"</b>添加到购物车中<hr>"); w.print("<a href='"+request.getContextPath()+"/product_list.jsp'>继续购物</a> "); w.print("<a href='"+request.getContextPath()+"/cart.jsp'>查看购物车</a> "); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
启动项目,浏览器地址栏中输入以下url,回车,product_list.jsp商品页面展示如下:
点击第一张衣服的图片,跳转到product_info1.jsp页面,显示衣服的详细信息,如下图:
点击加入购物车,页面跳转显示如下;
点击继续购物,跳转到product_list.jsp页面;点击查看购物车,跳转到cart.jsp页面
案例2-扩展清空购物车:
思路1:将购物车移除 思路2:将session干掉 步骤分析: 在cart.jsp上添加一个超链接 清空购物车 <a href="/day1101/clearCart">清空购物车</a> 在clearCart中需要调用session.invalidate() 重定向到购物车页面
在案例一加入购物车的项目的基础上,需要增加以下3个文件:
web.xml配置:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ClearCartServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.hjh.session.ClearCartServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ClearCartServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/clearCart</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
cart.jsp购物车页面:
<%@page import="org.apache.jasper.tagplugins.jstl.core.ForEach"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" align="center" width="30%">
<tr>
<td>商品名</td>
<td>数量</td>
</tr>
<%
//获取购物车
Map<String,Integer> map = (Map<String, Integer>) request.getSession().getAttribute("cart"); //判断购物车是否为空
if(map==null){ //购物车为空
out.print("<tr><td colspan='2'>亲,购物车空空如也,先去逛逛~</td></tr>"); }else{ //若不为空,显示商品名及数量信息
for(String name:map.keySet()){ out.print("<tr><td>"+name+"</td><td>"+map.get(name)+"</td></tr>"); } } %>
</table>
<hr>
<center>
<a href="/CookieSession/product_list.jsp">继续购物</a> <a href="/CookieSession/clearCart">清空购物车</a>
</center>
</body>
</html>
ClearCartServlet.java源码:
package com.hjh.session; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; /** * 清空购物车 */
public class ClearCartServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); //获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession(); //调用session.invalidate() 清空购物车
session.invalidate(); //重定向
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/cart.jsp"); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } }
特别注意:①编码要统一
②servlet类要配置正确
③路径要写对